 .   
 


  
  ,          ,   ,   ,   2000  ,   XVII .          ?        ?            .

      ,       .





 

 .   





 


             -   (), -   (),   (), Dr.Penelope M.Allison (), Prof. Umberto Pappalardo (), Mario Pagano (), Giovanni de Feo (), Ottaviano de Biase (), Pietro Giovanni Guzzo (), Jackie & Bob Dunn ().



        ,   , .    ,  .         . ...



                 ( 23578  25.08.2008).



Le immagini di reperti archeologici  Su concessione del Ministero per i Beni e le Attivit? Culturali  Soprintendenza Archeologica di Pompei (Prot. 23578 del 25.8.08).




 


    . ,   ,           ,     ,           ,        ,         .    ,            .          - - -,         -           ,               .       .           70-     .  ,   ,                       ,             . ,       ,    .    ,   -!     .  , ,          ,       ,   -,     ,   ,          ,         .  ,            .          ,   ,   ,   .  ,                       ,          .

              .        .     ,            .        .                ,         .       ,   ,   .     ,   ,   ,  ,     - ,        .      ,            ,   -         ,     ,     .  ?   -   ,         ,       ,     ,   ,     ,    .     ,  ,    ,    ,      .   ,  ,      ,    ,            .    ,            -         ,                  ,     .   ,         ,       .           ,     ,   ,        1941        ,     1917       ,  30- ,               .. ..             ,       ,        .

  ,       ,   ,    . ,         , ,  ,  ,  ,                  .      . -    ,    ,     ,   .           .  .   , , ,    !     ,      .     ,    ,   ,         ,               .            ?   ,    ,     ?                 ,     ,      (),          .

  ,       ,     , , , ,    , ,  ,        ., .,        ,           ,  , ,        .   ,          ,          ,  ,     .

   







          ;    ,            .

   

 ,  24  79  ..   ,            .

             ,  ,   . ,     ,      24  79  ..             ,                         ,            .,    .

    ? ,    ,          I  ..? - , ,  ,                ,     ,     .  ? , ,            ,      ,         ,       ,       ,    ,                 , ,  ,               !

    XV     24 ,        ,  ,        .      ,          ,        ,      .           1914       ?????????   ,         .     ,      ,    .         ,                  .

  ,     ,               ,  ,  ,           .     ,     .  79 . .., ,   ,        ,    ,  III  ..,      ,    ,    ,   XI,       ,     ,   ,    .    ,        ,    ,       ,     ,       (      ,    ,      ),   ,  , ,     ,  ,  ?    ,  , ?

  ,   E..,           79  ..[1 - .. , 1631 .   & 1(5), 2007. (http://artifact.org.ru/content/view/92/81/).].  ,              .   ,   ,       ,       . ,    ,    .   ,         . ,  ,  .,          ,      ,      ..       :       ,         ,  1500-    1631 .[2 - ..  . ., 2005.].

        ,  15   ,           (Via Nazionale al N.279)      1631          .

       ,        , ,        ,    !!!






.1.       .  , 2007



,     ,   XVII  XVIII .   ,    16871688 ,  1691        ,        .    1743       [3 - Misson Maximilien. Voyage dItalie ed. augm. de remarques nouvelles et interessantes / par Maximilien Misson, Amsterdam: Clousier, 1743.].      1700       ,        ,    ,    ,        ,  - [4 - Parrino, Domenico Antonio, Napoli Citt? Nobilissima, Antica e Fedelissima, Esposta a gli Occhi et alla Mente de Curiosi, diviso in due Parti  Stamperia del Parrino, Napoli, 1700.].          ,    -,     1748 ,         [5 - Moussinot. Memoire historique et critique sur la ville souterraine decouverte au pied du Mont-Vesuve A Avignon: chez Alexandre Giroud, 1748.].  ,   ,  1751                  [6 - Key?ler, Johann Georg. Neueste Reisen durch Deutschland, B?hmen, Ungarn, die Schweiz, Italien und Lothringen. Theil 2. Hannover 1751.].

 ,  XVIIXVIII .    ,    ,       XVII       ,   ?         ,         1631 ,     ,            ? ,   ,      ,       ,         .




 I

    





     


      ,             79  ..



1. () 6.16

2. () 6.20

3.  66.2123

4. () 4.44

5.  4.4.7886

6.  15.22.2

7. NQ 6.1

8. 5.4.8

9. 2.6.2

10. . . 3.40,3.60

11. 135.1-3

12.  3.5.72104

13. 1.11.36

14. 9.38.2

15. BC 1.39,1.50

16. 2.16.12

17. 5.18.22

18.   60-62

19. Fam. 7.1

20. Fam. 7.4

21. () 49.1, 70.1

22. () 56.1-2

23. () 86.1-13

24.  14.17.1-2

 .

            (Dio 66.23.3)             .         ,             :

 ,  ()     ,   ,         [7 - Cary. (1968, EA 1925) Dios Roman History. Vol.VIII. With an English translation by Earnest Cary on the basis of the version of Herbert Baldwin Foster. (= Loeb Classical Library). Heinemann, Harvard University Press, London; Cambridge/Mass.].

         (, , , ),    ,   (, ),      (, ),        ().

       ,        ,    1478 .   ,   1419       ,    ,    ,           (GuarinoVeronese, 13701460).        ,                , ,  , , , ,   ,        ,        .  ,      ,   124   ,           ,  ,  .

,              (Giovanni de Matociis)      (Giovanni Mansionario),   1337, ..   ,      ,   [8 - Brevis adnotatio de duobus Pliniis.],   .        Historia imperialis,           (?)  Gesta Romanorum Pontificum,     .

  ,       ,     ,        ,     ,     ,   .    XIX           , ,       XV           -     . ..       ,    [9 - John Wilson Ross. Tacitus and Bracciolini. The Annals Forged in the XVth Century. London, 1878.], ,         ,     ,   [10 - Hochart. De lauthenticit des annales et des histoires de Tacite, Bordeaux: imprimerie G.Gounouilhou, 1889.],     :

       (     . .)     .

1. ,       ,  ,     ,    .

2.       ,     ,    .

3.     -.

4.       . ( ,   XV     ,               (  ),   ,     . .).

5.  (   )  -  ( , , ,  , ,  ,    .)     , , ,     ,   ,     ,             .

6. ,               ,     ,   .

7.             [11 - ..     .  3. .,   , 2000.].

        ,      .     ?



 :

    (Poggio Braccolini, 13801459)    ,         .     ,           ,       .        ,     .      1403 .     ,      ,          .       ,      .          ; 1414 . 1418 .     ,  1417 .     (,  ,          ).              ,       :     ,  ,    ,    ,       .  1423 .    .         .      ;       :        (,   )     , ,  ;    (Liber facetiarum, 14381452 .)      .  1453 .    ,        ,       [12 -      (XV ) /  . ... ., - . -, 1985. . 314315.].

 ,    , ,   ,   ,     .   ,  ,    16  1416   [13 - Poggio Bracciolini. Lettere 2: Epistolarum familiarum libri, hrsg. von Helene Harth, Firenze 1984.].   ,  , ,       -    .          (   ,        ?),    ,           ,      ,  ,     ,       . Si ius violandum est, librorum gratia violandum est (    ,       ),        [14 - Leo Deuel. 180. Testament of Time. The Search for Lost Manuscripts and Records. NY: Knopf, 1965.].                   .   ,         .      ,         , , ,         ,  .

,   ,      ,       - . 1370 .    ,      ,        ,     ,   .          XV ,                 , ,   ,    ,      ,        ,  1427 ,  ,   .   ,             ,        ,  , ,   V ,    ,   ,      -, ,       [15 - CasparE. Petrus Diaconus und die Monte Cassineser F?lschungen. Berlin, 1909.],  (. 1135 .)   .   ,      ,  ,    ,  ,   ,      .    ,  ,   ,  ,  ,   ,          .            ..:

 1425 .  ,    ,          ,        .    ,     ,       ,    .  1455 . ,   ,            .

        1470 .    (XIXVI)      ,   .         ( 1476 .).       .

  XVI . ,   6   ( I), -,        .  1515 .         ,        .             , , ,   .[16 - ..  . .  2.  . . ., 1993.]

 ,              . ,   5      XV ,  ,    ,  .  ,   ,  ,        .         ,   .

       XV         [17 - Erat miseni: classe(n)que i(m)perio praesens regebat: nouemb. Kal. hora fere septima mater mea i(n)dicat ei:.].     1596  (, )   [18 - Erat Miseni, classemque imperio praesens regebat nono Cal. Septemb. hora diei fere septima. Mater mea indicat ei.]:






.2. GAIUS CAECILIUS PLINIUS SECUNDUS: EPISTOLAE, MS 1781. The Sch?yen Collection, Oslo and London



       .      ,   ,    [19 - Plinius Secundus. Epistolae, MS in Latin on vellum, Mainz(?), Rheinland, Germany, 1478.Text comprises the letters of Pliny the Younger (ca. 61-113) which include the famous letter in which he describes the eruption of Vesuvius. The letters have a complicated history in the Middle Ages. The text was mostly unknown until ca. 1419, when a MS was rediscovered by Guarino of Verona. There were still gaps in the text until BookX reappeared in France ca. 1502. The present MS carefully leaves blank pages for the then unknown book VIII, the first 25 letters of book IX, and all of book X, awaiting the discovery of an exemplar in the future. The scribe thus illustrates some of the enthusiasm and spirit that was the core of the Renaissance.]

          (Edward Greswell, 17971869)   Origines KalendariaeItalicae,    ,        ,   IX   (23 )[20 - Greswel, Edward. Origines KalendariaeItalicae, v.IV, Oxford, 1854.].

 ,          ,     , ..     .  ,      ,  23      1    ,  23  .

 , ,       (Hermolaus Barbarus, 14541493),    ,        () ,     ,       (pontifex maximus) [sic!],  1492     Castigationes Pliniae[21 - Barbar, Hermolai. Castigationes Pliniae / Eucharius Argenteus, 1493.]       ,      5000    ,   ,      .           .          , ,   ,   ,    ,  ante VIII. Iduu(m) Noue(m)b    (  6 )!

,   ,   ,    : , , , , , ,  ,   III,       (      ).

     81 (79?)   471 (472?)     ,    ,   1631 ,         ,   471 .

 ,       1-  81     ,             .      ,         ,  ,    ,        ,        .  []  471    ,  6- ,  ,              . , ,  [] 15  1631    ,  [22 - Finella Filippo. Incendio del Visuvio del Lanelfi. Pubblicato in Napoli appresso Ottavio. Beltrano, 1632.]

         :

   , 6/19  472 .,         , ,   - ,       .         ,       .        ໻.[23 - . . ., 2., . 350.]

               ,       ()     .   ,     79 .,    472            .   ,           ,                  ?

        . (  ):

   ,     ,       17    (  1765 ),        24  79 ...

      79        ,   ,       .   ,      1765 ,     . ,          ,     (      : (http://gallica.bnf.fr/ (http://gallica.bnf.fr/))  . .),   1483, 1492, 1515          (  1 ),       ,    (nouemb. Kal),         .    ,   6.16 (   )      ,    ,          ,   .      ,  1476  1487  (.VIIII. Kal.),   1516   (.IX. Kale(n)),       ,     .             ,  ,     .   ,        ,   ,    ,          ,  .      ,   1533      (Marioe Catanaei)   ( )        (24 ).     nono cal. Septembrius legatur etiam cal. Nouembris .. 9-  ,    .   ,   .    ,         ( ),         .    ,       1533 ,   ,      (  ,     )    1551 .       ,    ,      (Georgio Merula. Item Vesaevi montis conflagratio ex eodem [Dione] Merula inteprete.)  ,   1503  1519 .            ,    ,              [24 - Sub Tito in Campania, horrenda & miranda quaedam obtigerunt. Magnus enim ignis per Autumnum subito exarsit Insuper duae Civitates conflagrarunt Herculaneum & Pompeiam. Herculaneum vero & Pompeios sedentes in theatro populos oblimavit.         .     .  ,   :   .          .  : Niccol? MarcelloVenuti, Wickes Skurray. A Description of the First Discoveries of the Ancient City of Heraclea, 1750, . 40.].      ,    9-       .                phthiniporon      ,      . , ,        ,        9-      ,       1-         .

    24  (9-  )    16 ! ,       17 ,  ,   (1695) (   )      1- .       ,     .     6.16        ,      ,   ,     ,       ,  ,                 ,                  ,   ,         ,      .

         .      XVIXVIII    . (    ,   2003     828     (72 . )).           (1588),     81- ,  , ,      (1606 ),        ,     79  .. (      (79  81 .)   ).

 XVII     XVIII  ,     ( 1631 ),       (81 )   1  81 .     (1632),    ,           ,   81 . ,          Masson, J.Plinius II junioris vita ordine chronologico sic digesta, (). Amst., Janssonius-Van Waesbergen, 1709,  (      ), ,    24  (9-  ) 79 ,       ,    ,  .             .       (Breval),   1738 ,  81        (Sorrentino),   1734 ,   81 .    ,           .       .        1782 ,       81 . ,     79          (17801783).       1765     24  79 ,  ,     .     ,                  XVXVII ,    ,   1631 [25 -    .        -. . .].



                 .  ,   ,   ,    ,   .           .

  ,  ,    ,        .     ,  ,      ;     ,    .    ,    ,           .   ,   ,      - .  ,     ,   ,   ,       , ,   .    ,  -,     ,        .  ,  -, ,            .

      ;   ,   ,   .  ,   :           .     ,      (,   ),     (     ,          ):        .     ,  ,       ,   , ,  ,  .    ,      ,        ,     ,     .   ,   .  ,   ,      ,     ,      ,     ,    [ ]     .     ,        ,   [ ];      ,       .

  ,    ,   .   ,     ,       ,    :       ( (, VI, 1, 62).):   .    ,  ,   ,       ,     . ,       ,            ,       ,  ,     .        :  ,   ,    , ,  ;      ,     .  ,   ,  ,   ,         ,  .                 ,        .   ,    ,      ,      .         ,    ,      ,    ,      .   ,      ,      ,    ,    ,        ,        .  ;        ,  .

  ,        .   ,          ,      , ,     ,      .   ,         , ,    .     .        [ ] ,   [ ]   .        :       .      ,    ,    ,    ,     ,     .        ,    ;          [  ].      ;        .             ,    .  ,     ,       .   ,   ,    ,   ,   ,         ,     .        [        ],     , ,    ,       ;         ,   [26 -  . .  ...    .  2.    .  2 // .., ..  . ., , 1965.].



             :

  ,        ,     ,      ,       , ,   ,    , ,   ,    .[27 -   .   . ., 1993.  ...]



    (. 14, 17681784)      :

       20-, ,    .     76-   ,     ,     [28 - .     . . 4. ., 1784.].



,       XVIII     76  ..,     79 .    ?             ,    ?

,     (Lucius Annaeus Seneca),         ,   ,   6263 . ..,       ,   ,      .

, ,   , ,    ,    ,      ,          ,      .     ,     ,     ;   ,    ,     .

    ,      (.. 5 63 .,      15, 22.     . .), ,         ,     ,    ,     ;      .       ,     ;    ,       .      :    ,    ,   ,  , , [29 -   .  . ., , 2001.  ...].



          (Regulo)   (Verginio),      XV   XVI .       (Regulo & Virgilio),     ,     ,  . ,  ? .         , ,   ,        .     ,   ?

  , ,  ,   ,  .        ,         , . ,    ,    ,         .  , ,   :     -    - ():     1490  1492    .        [30 -         : (http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/).]. ,    ?  ,   ,             .  ,          1475 .,         1480 . .    XV ,   ,   , -,    ,   ,   ,       .

,   ,     ,   ,     ,      ,         :         ,             .         . (,  15,22)[31 -  .    .  . .  . -.  , ., 1993.]       .

  ,  ,      ,        .   XX     150 .         ,   1980       ,     .   3. ,    1,5.,  8. .  -         .

   (18911987),  ,  ,      :

   ,    79      ; ,   63 , , -,  :   79 ,    ,     ; , ,    ,      ,           [32 - .. . .-., -  , 1949.].

     .                ,      ,    .      ,    .      ,    , ,   ..     .          .     .  ,       ,    ,   ,   ,    17      ,  ,       ,    .          ,          ,   ,    .[33 - . .:  . .    , 2001.]

  () (. Denis Ptau, . Dionisius Petavius; 15831652),     , -,     ,  ,    1627   Opus de doctrina temporum    ,       (81 ..)  :

    (),   80  ..,   ,       ,    ,     .   ,   .[34 - Petavius (Petau), Dionysius. Opus de Doctrina Temporum. Nova Editione cum Praefatione & Dissertationede Joannis Harduini., Antwerp, Georgium Gallet, 1703.]

      ,      ,   ,   XI ,      .        1551 , , ,   . ,   ,    ,   IIIII .,     , ,  .  : , , .        ??????i i??????  ????????.    ???? ? ???????. ,          ,       [Sic!] ( )   .    ,           . ,    ,   (. ).  ,                    . (. Dio 66.24)     ,      :           .[35 -   .   .]

  ,       ,   .    .    ,       ,         .     Vaticanus Graecus,    1288 , ,      .      ,    XVI ,     3660,       69   ..  46  ..   135     . ,    6180       ,   XI , ,   ,    .            66- .          -       (Nicolo Leoniceno,  : Nicolaus Leoninus, Nicolaus Leonicenus of Vicenza, Nicolaus LeonicenusVicentinus, Nicolo Lonigo, Nicol? da Lonigo da Vincenza)     1526   ,      ,    1533, 1542, 1548  ..             ,   .    1548              ,        .        ,       ,   1551          .       ,    ,   .        ,   ,          ,        .    ,    ,          ,         1557 .    ,     ,  .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/andreas-churilov/gibel-pompei-kak-lgut-istoriki/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


.. , 1631 .   & 1(5), 2007. (http://artifact.org.ru/content/view/92/81/).




2


..  . ., 2005.




3


Misson Maximilien. Voyage dItalie ed. augm. de remarques nouvelles et interessantes / par Maximilien Misson, Amsterdam: Clousier, 1743.




4


Parrino, Domenico Antonio, Napoli Citt? Nobilissima, Antica e Fedelissima, Esposta a gli Occhi et alla Mente de Curiosi, diviso in due Parti  Stamperia del Parrino, Napoli, 1700.




5


Moussinot. Memoire historique et critique sur la ville souterraine decouverte au pied du Mont-Vesuve A Avignon: chez Alexandre Giroud, 1748.




6


Key?ler, Johann Georg. Neueste Reisen durch Deutschland, B?hmen, Ungarn, die Schweiz, Italien und Lothringen. Theil 2. Hannover 1751.




7


Cary. (1968, EA 1925) Dios Roman History. Vol.VIII. With an English translation by Earnest Cary on the basis of the version of Herbert Baldwin Foster. (= Loeb Classical Library). Heinemann, Harvard University Press, London; Cambridge/Mass.




8


Brevis adnotatio de duobus Pliniis.




9


John Wilson Ross. Tacitus and Bracciolini. The Annals Forged in the XVth Century. London, 1878.




10


Hochart. De lauthenticit des annales et des histoires de Tacite, Bordeaux: imprimerie G.Gounouilhou, 1889.




11


..     .  3. .,   , 2000.




12


     (XV ) /  . ... ., - . -, 1985. . 314315.




13


Poggio Bracciolini. Lettere 2: Epistolarum familiarum libri, hrsg. von Helene Harth, Firenze 1984.




14


Leo Deuel. 180. Testament of Time. The Search for Lost Manuscripts and Records. NY: Knopf, 1965.




15


CasparE. Petrus Diaconus und die Monte Cassineser F?lschungen. Berlin, 1909.




16


..  . .  2.  . . ., 1993.




17


Erat miseni: classe(n)que i(m)perio praesens regebat: nouemb. Kal. hora fere septima mater mea i(n)dicat ei:.




18


Erat Miseni, classemque imperio praesens regebat nono Cal. Septemb. hora diei fere septima. Mater mea indicat ei.




19


Plinius Secundus. Epistolae, MS in Latin on vellum, Mainz(?), Rheinland, Germany, 1478.

Text comprises the letters of Pliny the Younger (ca. 61-113) which include the famous letter in which he describes the eruption of Vesuvius. The letters have a complicated history in the Middle Ages. The text was mostly unknown until ca. 1419, when a MS was rediscovered by Guarino of Verona. There were still gaps in the text until BookX reappeared in France ca. 1502. The present MS carefully leaves blank pages for the then unknown book VIII, the first 25 letters of book IX, and all of book X, awaiting the discovery of an exemplar in the future. The scribe thus illustrates some of the enthusiasm and spirit that was the core of the Renaissance.




20


Greswel, Edward. Origines KalendariaeItalicae, v.IV, Oxford, 1854.




21


Barbar, Hermolai. Castigationes Pliniae / Eucharius Argenteus, 1493.




22


Finella Filippo. Incendio del Visuvio del Lanelfi. Pubblicato in Napoli appresso Ottavio. Beltrano, 1632.




23


. . ., 2., . 350.




24


Sub Tito in Campania, horrenda & miranda quaedam obtigerunt. Magnus enim ignis per Autumnum subito exarsit Insuper duae Civitates conflagrarunt Herculaneum & Pompeiam. Herculaneum vero & Pompeios sedentes in theatro populos oblimavit.

         .     .  ,   :   .          .  : Niccol? MarcelloVenuti, Wickes Skurray. A Description of the First Discoveries of the Ancient City of Heraclea, 1750, . 40.




25


   .        -. . .




26


 . .  ...    .  2.    .  2 // .., ..  . ., , 1965.




27


  .   . ., 1993.  ...




28


.     . . 4. ., 1784.




29


  .  . ., , 2001.  ...




30


        : (http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/).




31


 .    .  . .  . -.  , ., 1993.




32


.. . .-., -  , 1949.




33


. .:  . .    , 2001.




34


Petavius (Petau), Dionysius. Opus de Doctrina Temporum. Nova Editione cum Praefatione & Dissertationede Joannis Harduini., Antwerp, Georgium Gallet, 1703.




35


  .   .


