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       . , , .             ,          .   , ,                        .      ,   ,  ,    1941 .             ,      .  ?   ,     ,     1854 .?                     .* [*Mitra S.M. The life and letters of Sir John Hall M.D., K.C.B., F.R.C.S. London, New York, 1911, . 288.]

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   . ,  ,   ,     ,         -  ..,     .* [*.., ..   ϸ- //- , 4, 2000 ., .40.]        .* [*..   ,  II, .-., 1928 .]             ,    -   -    ..Ը,* [*Ը   (18741966 .)     ,      ,  (1940 .), - -  (1943 .).  1900 .             .     7,62  (1912 .),  6,5      (1913 .),         6,5  (1916 .).  19311933.     - .    ,   19421946 .         .  1946 .  1953 .     .   .., .., ..  .     , ,       . .:  , , 1907 .;    , ., 1931 .;   , . 12, ., 19381939 .;      , . 13, . ., 19381939 .;  , ., 1940 .]        (     ,   * [*Ը..    // .   , 10, ., 2003 .]  .),       .  ,           ,    .

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        ,    ,   ,  .        ,          .  , , , .       ,          ,       ,          .* [*.  // , , 7.9.2004 .]   ,   ,         .

   ..,           .       ,   ,       ,     .              .      :    .         ,    ,           , ,  ,   .   ,    堖   .             ,                  .* [*.., ..,   :    .  :     , ., 1995 ., .108127.]

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    .  ,       :    ,  ,       .         ,      -     ,   ,     .          -    ,        ,    ,         .  , ,    ..: ,    ,            .  , ..   ,            .   , ,  ,   .           ,           ,       , , ,   ,   ,         .* [*..  .  II.    .// - , 2. ., 2002 ., .44]

,          . 18531856 * [*.  . 18531856 . ., 2006.]  .,           -     ,* [http://www.slovobook.ru/newversion/look.php?n_base=57186.]        ,   ,     ,    ,         .     ,  ,   ,          The Battle of the Alma 1854: First Blood to the Allies in the Crimea,   224 .  ,  ,        2005 .    









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    .     ,         :  ., ., ., .  .. ,   ,       ,    .     ,  蠖    .         ,     , ,  ,     .       ,        . ,    ,  , , ,   ,  ,  ,      ,          .* [*   .  . /.: .., .., .., .., . ... /., 2000 ., .18?19.]

    ,        . ,  ,         ,* [*..   ,  II, .-., 1928 .]  * [*..   // , 7, ., 1898 .]     ,  ,  ,       .  ,    ,        ,   .

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  .   -     ?  ,  ,    ,             .* [*Niel, Adolphe Si?ge de Sbastopol. Journal des oprations du gnie publi avec lautorisation du ministre de la guerre, Paris, 1858.] ,   -, , ,            .

        ,    ,   ,    .         ,* [* (KinglakeA.W)   (18091891 .)   ,    TheinvasiontotheCrimea, itsorigin, findinaccountofitsprogress, down, tothedeathoflordRaglan (London, 18631887 .).]        ,       .       ,      .,  ,      .                .   ,        .   ,         .  1863 .               ,     ,        .

     ,                 .  ,            .        ,      - .,      ,               .* [*...    (     )// . . 140. ., 1909 ., . 601.]

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 ,  ,   ,   ,     .* [*...    (     )// . . 140. ., 1909 ., . 601602.]

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  .    .   .  (  XI )       ,      ,       , ,       ,        .

             , ,  ,  ,    ,  ,        .  -         .    ,           ,    頖  .            .     .  .,                , ,                   ,     .* [*..   .  II. .-., 1928 ., . 7980.]

  .       .., ,        ,           ,    ,  ,         -          .* [*...  ,  2- , .1, ., 1950 ., .2223]

        .     ( .   ), ,          , :       .* [* .   18541855 .   . .,2004 ., .6]   ,     ,   젖  .

        ,       .           .   .. ,       .   ,    ,      .     ,        蠖  ,   ,   ,  ,         ,    ,     ,     .* [*..  // , 11, ., 1904 ., .28]

   ,  , .     - ,    ,       (1856 .).* [*  ,   1856 . .     - ,    ,   . ( ,   1807 // , . 53, ., 1887 ., .800)]           * [*..      ,  3- , ., 1900 .]            .       (   .)    .* [*..   ,  II, .-., 1928 .]        ,       ,    .  -             . ,         ..      ,          .

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           ,    .* [* (Bazancourt) , ,   (18101865 .),  .     ,      III        .] ,   ꠖ , ,        .        ,                     .         .* [*TheDublinUniversitymagazineNoCCLXXVIIVol. XLVIIJanuary, Dublin 1856, .626-633.]

    1858 .     ,* [*Basancourt . de. Lf expedition de Crimee. L armee francaise a Gallipoli, Vame et Sebastopol. ChroniclesmilitariesdelaguerredOrient. v. 12 Paris, 1858.]   .,    ,              ,     ,     ,      ,   .   :           ,    .         .  -  .            30-.              :    .          ,   ,     .* [*Bazancourt, Cesar Lecat, La marine francaise dans la Mer noire et la baltique: chroniques maritimes de la guerre d`Orient. T.I, Paris, 1856, .242.]

      ,             20    .            -  .,* [*..    -  ., ., 1975 ., .104]          .

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      ,       .     ,    ,       .        ,    .* [*..        8-  1854      // ,           . .3, ., 1873 ., .296.]

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 ..    .,* [*       8-  1854      //  ,           , .3, ., 1873 ., .284355;  .    .    , , . ., 2002 .]   4-    .           ,   ,        ,      .* [*..   //   10, ., 1870 ., .5.]  ࠖ          .        .

    ,  ,     ,      1854                .          ,                     -                  .  - , -   .     ,      ,        ,      .   ,   ,    ,  ,         ,      ,     ,            .        ,      ,   ,           .

       ,      ,         ,  .* [* .    ,  ,  // , . 1-6, ., 1873 ., . 197198.]

.,    20 (8)  1854 .,     ,      .   ,   . ,           ,     .           ,     ,           .* [* .    .    , , . ., 2002. . 4243.]  ,        ,        .* [* .    .    , , . ., 2002. . 4043.]         ,      ,         .          .  ,              .    ,     ,   .     .       .          ,   . ,   ..,        ,  ,       .             ,     ,           ,      .

   ,         ,          (1907 .).* [* ..     , , 1907 ., .136-152]

     ,      .      ..      .                   .          .  1855 .             .     ,   ,     ,      , ,   ,      The Americas (1985 .),      .* [*Harris Gaylord Warren Roberto Adolfo Chodasiewicz: A Polish Soldier of Fortune in the Paraguayan War.. TheAmericas, Vol. 41, No. 3, 119. Jan., 1985.]         :        .* [*R. A. Hodasevich, A Voice from Within the Walls of Sebastopol: A Narrative of the Campaign in the Crimea, and of the Events of the Siege, Oxford University , 1856.]

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 ..    ,            , ,    .             .,        1877 .* [* .   18531856 .  ..// , 2, ., 1877 ., .107144.]       ,  ,  - .    ,     ,       ,     :      ,      .* [* .   18531856 .  ..// , 2, ., 1877 ., .144.]

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..,     ,    .      ,        ,      ,   ,   ,    ,       ,      , ,    .* [*..    //  . 144, ., 1910 ., .643.]

  ⠖     ,      .    .          - ..    .* [*   ,  . - , .1, ., 1871 ., .233.]   ,   ,   .                ,    .       . ..     ,        ,   ,        .

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     ,      ,           ...* [*..    18531856 .// , 1885 .]     ,          (        ),        ,         . ,               .        .    ,     .             ,       ,      .      ,         ,     .* [*..      18541855// , . 50, ., 1886 ., .389.]

  ⠖  ,      .              ..        ,           .    .   ,          ,     , ,  ,  .             ,   - .* [* ..     -  //- , 1, ., 2007 ., .42.]

     .          .            ,       .            19-   ,      (  ) 7-     ,         23-     Β.* [*EL (Peter) Kirby MC TD DL, Major My Story, by Major General (formerly Sergeant) Luke OConnor VC// One//The War Correspondent, Vol.18, Number 4, January 2001, . 2225.]   ,         .       ,            1856 . , ,              .

       .   ,       .       ,     .   ,               ,   ,    ,   , ,      .* [*   (LouisHenriBoussenard, 18471911 .)  ,   .    (. LeZouavedeMalakoff, 1903 .)  ,    .]   ,              ,         ,      (Voice from the Ranks: apersonal narrative of the Crimean Campaign)   .

      :   20-   ,     79- ,* [*DavidMurray, Lieutenant-Colonel, TheLettersofLieutenantF.G.Currie, 79thHiglhlanders, PartOne//TheWarCorrespondent, Vol.21, Number 4, January 2004, .3133.]   ࠖ  1-   ,   4-     ,      ,      ,* [*Higginsjn, GeorgeWetworthAlexander, Sir, Seventy-oneyearsofaguardsmanslife, London, 1916.]  ࠖ  88-    ,* [*NathanielSteevensTheCrimeanCampaignwith TheConnaughtRangers 18545556 GriffithandFarran, London, 1878.]     ,* [*MitraS.M. ThelifeandlettersofSirJohnHallM.D., K.C.B., F.R.C.S. London, NewYork, 1911.]  ࠖ  33- .* [*AtHomeanftheBattlefield. Letters from the Crimea, China and Egipt, 18541888, By Sir Frederick Charles Arthur Stehenson, G.C.B, London, 1915.]

     .      ,* [*Anthony Coningham Sterling The story of the Highland Brigade in the Crimea: founded on letters written during the years 1854, 1855, and 1856, J. MacQueen, London, 1897; Anthony Coningham Sterling, Letters from the army in the Crimea, written during the years 1854, 1855, & 1856, London, 1857.]       ,* [*Lieutenant-Colonel S. J. G. Calthorpe Letters from Headquarters. The realities of the War the Crimea. By an Officer on the Staff. In two Volumes. Vol. 1. London. 1856.]      .* [*Sir Daniel Lysons, general, G.C.B.The Crimean war from first to last, London, 1895.]

          .         -  Military  20062007 .    ,          .            . ,  ,      ,    ,   ,     ,          ,       .* [*Lieutenant-Colonel S. J. G. Calthorpe Letters from Headquarters. The realities of the War the Crimea. By an Officer on the Staff. In two Volumes. Vol. 1. London. 1856. . 23.]     ,  ,     ,    ,       .

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       .   1916 .           ,        堖    ,    .            .      .                   .            .     78        ,       .       19141915 .    .    67     ,      .     - ,  , ,     . 

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        .            .         ,         .  ,     ,               .      .          .     -           .       .             .        1916 .      .  ,   ,    .     70   50  ,      600 . ,    350 .]   -* [*-,  (WilliamH. McNeill )   ,   .]      ,       * [* (Koniggrutz,  KraloveHradec)     1884 .   . ,     . 3 1866     - .]  1866 .,          .* [*-, .    . ,      XIXXX . ., 2008 ., .264]

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      ,     1854    ( Boydell)     ,           .* [*.           // , 9, ., 1910 ., .131.]

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       18531856 .,      1859 .,      18581862 .,   18601861 .,   18621867 .   -  (18701871 .)   1870 .  100-     .    1870 .]     蠖  .

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11           -,     .    - . ,      ,          .      ,        .       ,     .   : 13       ,      ,     ,   .        ,    ;      ,         .* [*    ,    185356 .// ,  95, ., 1898 ., . 373.]

15          3-   .* [* ໠      ,      .]

19       ,       ,   65   926   .        70000 .  ,    ,       , , ,       .     .         .           ,  :

1.        (,   ).

2.         (,  , ,  ,   ,  ,  ,    . .).

          .         ,     .          .   ,         (11900 . 962 ).

15       .           . ,           .     .

24       26              .       .

31      ,     5401 .,     16 . 4        25   1150 . .

      25 ,  1190 .  2  6   ,            10129 , 395 ,   .

25      4-   (9170 ., 180 ).  ,         .

    ,   ,    ,    , .       ,      ,     .         .* [*..      , . 1, ., 1900 ., .174.]

         ,        .    ,              .  .

   .     ,       .    . 12  1854 .  -     III,                ,       .

1.       .

2.  .

3.          .

      .        . ,         .

    ,    ,        .           ,      .     .       .      ,          .

        ,       .* [*Adye, John, Sir, A review of the Crimean War to the winter of 1854-5, London, 1860, .1415.]       ,    .             ,     .

        ,   .       21  1854 .      .        ,             1849 .        ,    ,             .* [*..   18531856 ,  2, ., 1876 ., .244.]

    ,           ,      : ..        -  .* [*.          18531856 .// , 4, , 1894 ., .241.]

 ,        ,         1854 .         .    - ,    .

   .   .    1854 .         , ,   ,       .      ,       ,    III     .* [*    ,    185356 ..// ,  95, ., 1898 ., . 376.]

   ,     .       ,    .    .   .      ,     ,     .           .         ,   .  ,      :   , ,     !.* [*Our Veterans of 1854 [i.e. Eighteen Fifty-four]: In Camp, and Before the Enemy by a Regimental Officer, London, 1859, .3.]

            




 





 ,       .

  I  .., 10  1854 .




    




,       .     :  ,     .   ,       ,  ,    :      ,    ,    .      ,         ,     ,            .* [*   .   - ..,  I, ., 1871 ., .9.]  ,     ,   堖      .

    ,            .     ,       ,     ,     ,          ,      .* [*..   // , 7, ., 1898 ., .23.]        ,    XIX .      ,      .

 ,               ,       ,        .  ,         .* [*Lon Gurin, Histoire de la derni?re guerre de Russie: 185356, Tome I, Paris, 1858, . 205.]

        ,    .   ,      (, ,  ,   ,   ).

 ,      .   ,    ,        . , ,     ,      -   I  ..    .      ,           .

   - ,    -          .       ,     (8)20  1854 .

     ,   ,          .      - 蠖       .       ,   ,  .* [* .    XVIXIX . . . ., 2009 ., .137.]  ,     .

    ,        ,         ,     * [*           ( .    . ., 2002 ., .485486).]      . ,   ..,                .            .* [*   .   - ..,  I, ., 1871 ., .20.]




     :




 .

-   (2): Agamemnon (91/600 . .);* [*     .] Sans-Pareil (70/350 . .).

   (8): Britannia (120), Trafalgar (120), Queen (116), Albion (91), London, Rodney ( 90), Vengeance (84), Bellerophon (80).

-  (1): Highflyer (21/250 . .).

  (2): Arethusa, Leander ( 50).

- (12): Retribution (28/400 . .), Sidon (21/560 . .), Terrible (21/800 . .), Furious, Tiger ( 16/400 . .), Shearwater (8/160

. .), Cyclops (6/320 . .), Firebrand (6/410 ..), Fury, Vesuvius ( 6/160

. .), Inflexible (6/378 ..), Sampson (6/ 460 . .).

-  (2): Niger (14/400 . .), Wasp (6/100 . .).

  (3): Diamond (28), Modeste (18), Frolic (16).

   (6): Ardent (5/200 . .), Spitfire (5/140

. .), Antelope (3/264 . .), Triton (3/260 . .), Banshee, Caradoc (2/350 . .).

   (1): Apollo (8).



 .

-   (1): Charlemagne (80/ 450 . .).

   (8): Friedland, Valmy, Ville de Paris ( 114), Henri IV (100), Iena (82), Bayard, Jupiter ( 80), Marengo (70).

- (7): Descartes, Vauban ( 20/540 . .), Gomer (16/450

. .), Cacique, Magellan, Sane (14/450 . .), Mogador (8/650 . .).

-  (1): Caton (4/260 . .).

  (1): Serieuse (30).

   (4): Promethee (4/200 . .), Heron, Mouette ( 2/200 . .), Salamandre (2/120 . .).

  (4): Beaumanoir, Mercure, Olivier ( 20), Cerf (10).



:

 蠖 19 ( .. 3-);* [*       .     ,  ,   ,         .        ,                ,              .]  3 ( .. 1-); - () 19;* [*     . ,          ,     ,  -      .   ,        ,          .  1840-     ,          ,    , , ,         .    ,        ,   ,     .]  7 ( .. 3-);    10;  蠖 4;    1.

  ,   ,   .       .        XIX .

     .            : 19    14  ( 1854 .)   ࠖ    . ,   3 -  .     Charlemagne  Sans-Pareil  .

,         .  ,          -     . , ,   ,  ,   ,       .     ,  .             .










   Agamemnon.            . 1854 .



           ,   ,            -  .           ,        - .     .         ,             ,              .

 1850-  60-      ࠖ , ࠖ ,    .                 .* [*.. - - , 18401870, Oxford: ClarendonPress, 1993 (http://militera.lib.ru/research/hamilton_ci/index.html).]

     .  1921 .  - ,       ,   ,   ,       .* [*Frederick Leslie Robertson, The evolution of naval armament. London: Constable & Co. 1921, .244245.]

  .   ,       ,      ,      .         ,              ( 蠖 ).

 1917 . ,     ,      ,             .

 1854 .                 ,       .          ,     .    ,        ,    ,           ,        .  ,            .* [*-.    ?/-  .    . //  , .,1999 ., .126-127.]




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