     
  


 :  
        .          -   .  ,       ,  ,     ,           ().    ,   ,                       .            .





.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , . 

     










          














  2014 .          .               ,    ,  .      ,    ,  ,            .



* * *

        .                .          ,     [1 -  ,    ,     ,      .     ;     ,            ;     ,          3        (12 ),   ,           : , ,    ,  ,    . United Nations (2014) Recommendations on International Migration Statistics, Rev.l http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic/sconcerns/migration/migrmethods.htm]    .    ( 40 %)         ,    ,       ( 60 %)         , . .       .        .

         ,       ,      (   ,   )[2 -  2012 .      400  .  (The World Bank (2013) Migration and Development Brief, 20). http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/ Resources/334934-1288990760745/MigrationDevelopmentBrief20.pdf].               ,      [3 -            ,            (.   ).].

     20 %   ,   80 %     [4 -     , . .     .]. ,  2012 .      28 ,   , 22  ,   90     [5 - Eurostat (2014) Population and population change statistics, http:// ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Population and_ population_change_statistics.].         20-    1991  2011 .,     .        (. .   ),   1  230 . .     ,  1  400 . ,   .          2  ( 3  170 .)  ;         2  825 .,    1  (990 .)    [6 - http://stats.0ecd.0rg/#.].

         .     ,     2000-        ,     .        [7 -         :    ,     .     ,    ,     ,    ,      ,       . .   ,  1.26.],     .           , . .       - .         ,           (, ,   .).          ,      (    )         .

       ,        (            )  .          ,          ,     .        ,     .      -  .            ,          ,    .  ,       .   ,           ,      - .




1.     





1.1.    


   ,     232   ,   3,1 %  [8 - United Nations International (2013) International Migration Report. New York, http://www.un.org/en/devel-opment/desa/population/publications/pdf/migration/mi-grationreport2013/Full_Document_final.pdf].

   1990  2000 .         2  .        2000  2010 .         4,6  .  2010  2013 .              3,6    .            3 %      (. 1).

  ,      ,   .      ,         .  2013 .         15,7 ,   1 %   .






. 1.      (  ),  

:    .



         : -  -.         ,        ,           .        :           ,             ;            ,           , ,   .

, , ,             .         ,      ,      (),    ().    , ,   ,     , ,   .         ,       ,  [9 - .:  ..,  ..    ( )//            :       -  (2728  2011 .). . 3. , 2011.].




1.2.    



1.2.    

        .   ,  ,        1990- .,       1980-1990- .  2000- .                  ,    ,       .

          ,          .      .   ,     2005 .  12,1  [10 - . :  .  //. 2006. 4.].    -   ,     ,     ,      . , ,             .           [11 - .:  ..    :  /  Weekly. 2011. 479408. http://demoscope.ru/ weekly/2011/0479/demoscope0479.pdf].

      2013 .     46-            2-      (12,3  )   (42,8  )[12 - United Nations (2013) Economic and Social Council. New trends in migration: demographic aspects/Report of the Secretary-General. / CN.9/2013/3.].    ,        .             ,     ,   .       ,            .

    2002  2010 .       ,       1991 .          .   ,            ,     ,       .                    .

     19922013 .  6  ,          8,4  [13 -          :     ,     .  .:  ..           2010 .:      //  - / . .. .   . . 22. .: -, 2012. . 197214;  .       :       2010 .// .  . 2011. 5. . 2841;  ..             // . 2012. . . 2135.  ,             2,8    ,  .].        -      (12,5  ),      ,        4,1  .  ,         .  ,        - .

      68   ,         .            ,        ()    ,   .          (2008  2009 .), 27 %        [14 - .:      / . . . 3  ..  .: -, 2010. . 57.].       27 %     [15 - .:     : , , :  /. . . ; . . . . .     . .: , 2013. . 12.].

,     .     ,             .          ,       ,      . ,     ,        ,  ,      ,    [16 - .-. ..   :  // : . . 11/. . .. . .:  , 2012. . 253254.].

   ,             (   ).   2000-   ,  20052006 .       (    ).     ,             2007 . ( ,          ).        ,   2008 .      27 %,  2010 . 24,  2012 . 16,   2013 .  15 %     [17 - .:  . .,  . .,  ..,  ..    /    . .: .  , 2015. . 5770.].     ,         2012 .,   (7 %),     (3 %)   (2 %);  4 %     .    16 %            221 . [18 - .  . . 67.].

     (. 2).






. 2.      ( ), %

:  .

*     : , , , , , , .



         ,     ,       .                .  ,       ,      ,   , .    ,   ,    ,   500 .         [19 -      .:  . .   //Pro et Contra. 2005. . 9. 3. -. . 7287;  .     ?// Weekly (     ). 2008. 348348 (29 . 12 .);  ..    //   / . . . . .:  , 2009.].


1.2.    

          .            (        ),     . ,    , ,   ,      ,       ,  .

  ,  ,     ,    60 .   .     (  ): , , ,   [20 - .:  ..,  ..     . ,    . .: , 2008. . 57.].         20  30 .

 20122013 .         . , , ,          :      ,       .

       .          .   ,     ,       ,   ;  , ,  2        .  -            /  ,        .       ,      ,   .  -        ,    ,    ,        [21 -  .-. . .,  ..     . ,    . . 26.].






. 3.        ,       2011  2012 .

:   2013 .



               20022010 .    3035 .    ,     10  40     30  90    .           ,       ,           .   ,      200 .    [22 - .:  ..,  ..    :    //. 2013. 4. . 26.].

      ,         ,   ,    ,     , , , ,   [23 - .:  ..,  ..    :    //. 2013. 4. . 27.].

        .   ,  70 % -   [24 - .:  .   //. 2006.  :   / . ..   . . . .: , 2009. . 2.].  20022010 .      17 .    ,    74    .               120150 .  (   1990 .).         , ,  ,   -          [25 - .:  ..,  .. . . . 29.].

        .    ,    20022010 .   40 . ,    140    .                [26 - .  . . 31.].   ,     ,    ,   .

          .       . ,         2  6  (  )  ,  .       36 ,     56,      1215 [27 - .:  ..,  .. . . . 28.].

,  .   . ,  ,      -        20022010 .   750 .  1  .     ,    1,21,6 .    [28 - .  . . 28.].

        :



1.                 .

2.     ,           .   , 7080 %  ,   ,   [29 - .:  .    //. 2009.   / . . . .   . . . . .:  , 2008.].

3.      ,                 .

4.     ,          ,   .        .

5.    (  )     .   ,  2002 .     25 .  .       ,  20 %       ,   18 %     [30 - .:  . . . . 1.].



         .  ,        . ,  2000 .    4 .   [31 - . :  ..,  .. . . . 33.].        (   12,5 .   ),    PhD      .  2006 .   183 .   ,  60 %          [32 -  .     // . 2006. 9. URL: http://www.ng.ru http://www.ng.ru/ education/2006-05-05/9_utechka.html (  13.06.2012).].   .

              -  .       ,     .  ,            ,      .




1.3. 


      ,             .       :   .         .

          ,           ,         (    ).

       .         .            ,   ,                ;             .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/kollektiv-avtorov/mezhdunarodnaya-migraciya-i-ustoychivoe-razvitie-rossii/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 ,    ,     ,      .     ;     ,            ;     ,          3        (12 ),   ,           : , ,    ,  ,    . United Nations (2014) Recommendations on International Migration Statistics, Rev.l http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic/sconcerns/migration/migrmethods.htm




2


 2012 .      400  .  (The World Bank (2013) Migration and Development Brief, 20). http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/ Resources/334934-1288990760745/MigrationDevelopmentBrief20.pdf




3


           ,            (.   ).




4


    , . .     .




5


Eurostat (2014) Population and population change statistics, http:// ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Population and_ population_change_statistics.




6


http://stats.0ecd.0rg/#.




7


        :    ,     .     ,    ,     ,    ,      ,       . .   ,  1.26.




8


United Nations International (2013) International Migration Report. New York, http://www.un.org/en/devel-opment/desa/population/publications/pdf/migration/mi-grationreport2013/Full_Document_final.pdf




9


.:  ..,  ..    ( )//            :       -  (2728  2011 .). . 3. , 2011.




10


. :  .  //. 2006. 4.




11


.:  ..    :  /  Weekly. 2011. 479408. http://demoscope.ru/ weekly/2011/0479/demoscope0479.pdf




12


United Nations (2013) Economic and Social Council. New trends in migration: demographic aspects/Report of the Secretary-General. / CN.9/2013/3.




13


         :     ,     .  .:  ..           2010 .:      //  - / . .. .   . . 22. .: -, 2012. . 197214;  .       :       2010 .// .  . 2011. 5. . 2841;  ..             // . 2012. . . 2135.  ,             2,8    ,  .




14


.:      / . . . 3  ..  .: -, 2010. . 57.




15


.:     : , , :  /. . . ; . . . . .     . .: , 2013. . 12.




16


.-. ..   :  // : . . 11/. . .. . .:  , 2012. . 253254.




17


.:  . .,  . .,  ..,  ..    /    . .: .  , 2015. . 5770.




18


.  . . 67.




19


     .:  . .   //Pro et Contra. 2005. . 9. 3. -. . 7287;  .     ?// Weekly (     ). 2008. 348348 (29 . 12 .);  ..    //   / . . . . .:  , 2009.




20


.:  ..,  ..     . ,    . .: , 2008. . 57.




21


 .-. . .,  ..     . ,    . . 26.




22


.:  ..,  ..    :    //. 2013. 4. . 26.




23


.:  ..,  ..    :    //. 2013. 4. . 27.




24


.:  .   //. 2006.  :   / . ..   . . . .: , 2009. . 2.




25


.:  ..,  .. . . . 29.




26


.  . . 31.




27


.:  ..,  .. . . . 28.




28


.  . . 28.




29


.:  .    //. 2009.   / . . . .   . . . . .:  , 2008.




30


.:  . . . . 1.




31


. :  ..,  .. . . . 33.




32


 .     // . 2006. 9. URL: http://www.ng.ru http://www.ng.ru/ education/2006-05-05/9_utechka.html (  13.06.2012).


