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      ,         / /     .    , 2021 Giorgio Parisi     2021 (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/parisi/facts/ (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/parisi/facts/))    (frustration,   ,   ,  [38 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_frustration (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_frustration)  ,       /.],   1977),        .   1977   ,      ,    ,    .         .    , .   ,  ,     ,        ,   ,    ,  [39 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)]      .       ,         .

 /frustration               2018  [40 - https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1807890115 (https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1807890115)],            ,    /     (,     ,          !       ,     ,     ).          (蠖  蠖 , , , , )            .      :    ,     ,  -  .

 (   2022 , , ,  Toward atheory ofevolution as multilevel learning[41 - https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2120037119 (https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2120037119)])      ,        ,     -   .    (, )  ,     ,            ( ,  ,  )[42 - https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2120042119 (https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2120042119)].     ,        ,  ,     (   !).

      ,    (-   ),  (     )        . ,        ,    (    )   ,   .        ,       ,        ( ,   )    . ,       ,    ,     wetware ( , )     .  ,    ,   --   ,  ,   ,     ,       .

    [43 - https://ailev.livejournal.com/1622346.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1622346.html)        .]      ,                   (     ).        ,    ,     (          ,  ,        ,        ,          ,       ).

Ƞ    ,    - .           .

    -          (    ),        .




:  


   , ,    ,         XX     (systems engineering).

        engineering    ,   .  ,    蠫  ,   :  -  ,    , ,     컠      (..    )  ,        .   ⠫       ,        .     蠫 ,      ,  ( )        (        ,      -    ).

   ,     ,   -       .        ,    , , ,  .      ,        / /  .     ,      ,   ,    ,   (     ),   (  ),    ࠖ         ,   ,           .      ,      .

 ,     ,            (     ),  ,    ,    . ,    ,  ,    ,   ,    ,    . ,               -     ,             ,    (  ,   ,    ),     -        ,      . ,     ,        ,        .

      蠖    ,   .  (     ,         ,  堫 ,      ,          )        . , , ,    - ,     ,     ,     -   ,     .



         Guide tothe Systems Engineering Body ofKnowledge (    [44 - http://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_%28SEBoK%29 (http://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_%28SEBoK%29)]) 2019 (Atransdisiplinary and integrative approach toenable the successful realization, use, and retirement ofengineered systems, using systems principles and concepts, and scientific, technological, and management methods.)        ,     ,    , ,    [45 - http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Systems_Engineering_%28glossary%29 (http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Systems_Engineering_%28glossary%29)]).     :

 ,        ,        .   (successful)   ,    .  ,           ,      .  ,    - ,   ,    ,    ,    .       , ,   (  , , ,   ) ,    .      ,  ,      ,        --,       ,  .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/anatoliy-levenchuk/sistemnoe-myshlenie/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


http://system-school.ru/ (http://system-school.ru/)




2


https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking (https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking)




3


https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking-intro (https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking-intro)




4


https://system-school.ru/introonline (https://system-school.ru/introonline)




5


https://system-school.ru/united (https://system-school.ru/united)




6


https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking-intro (https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking-intro)




7


     -https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking (https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking)




8


     ,https://ailev.livejournal.com/1387943.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1387943.html)




9


https://system-school.ru/teaching (https://system-school.ru/teaching)




10


https://system-school.ru/methodology (https://system-school.ru/methodology)




11


Zalasiewicz ., Scale and diversity ofthe physical technosphere, Zalasiewicz .,http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2053019616677743 (http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2053019616677743)




12


 https://system-school.ru/uptodate (https://system-school.ru/uptodate), https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh (https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh)




13


https://system-school.ru/engineering (https://system-school.ru/engineering)




14


   ,       ,https://system-school.ru/teaching (https://system-school.ru/teaching)




15


,          ,        : M. S.Birnbaum, E. L.Bjork, R. A.Bjork, Department ofPsychology, University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, Why interleaving enhances inductive learning: The roles ofdiscrimination and retrieval, https://yadi.sk/i/UPRTP0DxRpw8Vg (https://yadi.sk/i/UPRTP0DxRpw8Vg).




16


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)




17


https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking (https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking)




18


https://ailev.livejournal.com/1513051.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1513051.html)   ,  ,  ,      , https://system-school.ru/introonline (https://system-school.ru/introonline).




19


https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking-intro (https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking-intro)




20


        蠫  .  .     http://ailev.livejournal.com/1281819.html (http://ailev.livejournal.com/1281819.html) 蠫  http://ailev.livejournal.com/1295595.html (http://ailev.livejournal.com/1295595.html).




21


 STEM:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics)




22


  . ,       -     , http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0807/0807.2061.pdf (http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0807/0807.2061.pdf).       軠 Ahistorically held belief among educators and researchers is that training inphysics, which has abeautiful structure oflogical and mathematical relations, would ingeneral improve students abilities inconducting reasoning that is intellectually challenging. However, the result from this study suggests that training inphysics content knowledge inthe traditional format alone is not enough toimprove students general reasoning abilities).




23


 https://system-school.ru/uptodate (https://system-school.ru/uptodate), https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh (https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh)




24


       -   , https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh (https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh), https://system-school.ru/uptodate (https://system-school.ru/uptodate).




25


Fran?ois Chollet, On the Measure ofIntelligence,https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547)




26


https://www.quora.com/What-was-John-von-Neumanns-IQ-Was-he-smarter-than-Einstein (https://www.quora.com/What-was-John-von-Neumanns-IQ-Was-he-smarter-than-Einstein)      ,    .        ,    , IQ  . Ƞ     .       ,   .      ,    ,        . IQ    ,  ,  125, https://www.quora.com/Was-Richard-Feynmans-IQ-really-125 (https://www.quora.com/Was-Richard-Feynmans-IQ-really-125).  , ,  IQ, ,   !    ,   IQ ,    .  ,   IQ ,   -   . Ƞ   IQ ,     .




27


https://www.psypost.org/2022/05/psychologists-found-a-striking-difference-in-intelligence-after-examining-twins-raised-apart-in-south-korea-and-the-united-states-63091 (https://www.psypost.org/2022/05/psychologists-found-a-striking-difference-in-intelligence-after-examining-twins-raised-apart-in-south-korea-and-the-united-states-63091)




28


https://ailev.livejournal.com/1611838.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1611838.html),https://ailev.livejournal.com/1612513.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1612513.html)




29


https://system-school.ru/united-online (https://system-school.ru/united-online)




30


  :https://vk.com/club45696675 (https://vk.com/club45696675)




31


https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166361518307887 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166361518307887)




32


https://ailev.livejournal.com/1465753.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1465753.html)




33


      ,    , . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250653/ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250653/)




34


https://www.amazon.com/Art-Systems-Thinking-Essential-Creativity/dp/0722534426 (https://www.amazon.com/Art-Systems-Thinking-Essential-Creativity/dp/0722534426)




35


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_system (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_system)




36


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_dynamics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_dynamics)




37


,     :https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)




38


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_frustration (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_frustration)  ,       /.




39


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)




40


https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1807890115 (https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1807890115)




41


https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2120037119 (https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2120037119)




42


https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2120042119 (https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2120042119)




43


https://ailev.livejournal.com/1622346.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1622346.html)        .




44


http://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_%28SEBoK%29 (http://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_%28SEBoK%29)




45


http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Systems_Engineering_%28glossary%29 (http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Systems_Engineering_%28glossary%29)


