 .    XXI 
  


 , , ,      ,       ,                .

   頖                     ,        .     ,     ,  ,       ,    ,  ,     .

 ࠖ  ,      ,         ,      ,     ,     .

, ,   ,     ,    -  .     ,    , - ,          ,  - ,      ,     ,   ,      .





       :     ,      ,         .

 ,  ,  ,  ,    ,          ,       .

   -  .





 

 .    XXI



  . 

  . 

 . , . 

  . 

    . 

     shutterstock.com



. , 2018

  , 2018



  .           () .  ,  ,   ,  ,   ,          .  ,   ,     ,  ,          ,      ,   ,       .

,      ,  ,   ,        () ,        ,    .


* * *




 !  !  ,       ,  蠖       .   !

 ,
 
,   



 ,    ,       .  ,   ,   ,   蠖      . , ,      :      ,    .

 ,
    , 
Gazeta Wyborcza ()



     . ࠖ         .        ,    ,             .

 ,
   ,
      



    .     .           ,           ,      .   ࠖ      ,             .

 ,
      ,    



       .            ,          .           ,   ,    ,   .

 ,
        -̻






             .       (Beeline),       .

       ,    :  -    ,          -  .

           ziminbookprojects.ru. (https://ziminbookprojects.ru/)



  堖    







       ,    .  ,         .     .

      ,         .    ,   ,      ,     .     ,        ,    , , ,   .

 ,       .      ,      .  蠖   ,     .            ,  젖     .

     ࠖ ,   .      , , ,     .    ,     .       ,        .       ,     .

     ,     .     ,    .     ,     .           , ,  (,            .)

   ,  .      .      ,    蠖 ,        .    ,        ,    酻        ,    .           .        .       ,    ,    .

      .  ,           -        .   .                ,   .   -  ?

   .       (   )   ࠖ     .   (        ,        20)    .   ,          .              .        .

          .   ࠖ     .       .  ,   ,     .       ,   ,    .              ,    .      .



 







, ,   ,     ,    -  .     ,    , - ,          ,  - ,      ,     ,   ,      .

     ,       .

  ,        ,                     .          ,    ,                - ,      .            蠖      ,    .     ,      .       ,   ,    ,   ;       ;      - ,     ,     .

       ,     ,           . ,   ,  -    ,           .          :     ,    ,  ,     (     III  ,          ࠖ   [1 - . : ,  .  , :  , 1933, . 49.],    ).   ,    :     ,     ,         ໠   .      -,    ,               ,     .

  ,      (   ,     )    .           ,    ,      .          500            ,    , ,        . ,      ,                :        .   ,   XVI,      ,      ,     .

  ,    ,  ,  ,  ,     offshoots[2 - .: Maddison, Angus. The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, Paris: OECD Publications Service, 2000, pp. 69.] ,       [3 - .: Huntington, Samuel. Who Are We? The Challenges to Americas National Identity, NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 2004, . 41.],        ,    ;      [4 - .: Etkind, Alexander. Internal colonization: Russias Imperial Experience, Cambridge, Malden (Ma.): Polity, 2011, pp. 68.]    [5 - .: , .    : , .   9 , . 1, , 1987, . 50.],      .    ,       ,         ;        ,   ( )    .                     .                蠖       ,       .

 ,   ,     ,       .    ,        ,      蠖                .     ,    ,    ,    1990-    .   ,  ,    [6 - .: Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History? in: The National Interest, 1989, vol. 16, pp. 318, and Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History and The Last Man, London, NewYork: Penguin, 1992.]     [7 - .: Krauthammer, Charles. The Unipolar moment in: Washington Post, 1990, July 20  Krauthammer, Charles. The Unipolar moment in: Foreign Affairs, America and the World Special Issue, 1990/91, pp. 3542.] , ,   ,   ,      ,  ,      .

     ,      ,         ,       ,           ,   ,     ,  , ,        ,                .     ,         .

    ,        ,           .

-,     ,       ,     .             ,          .    -      ,        .   ,        ;                ,    ,  ,   , , ,  , ,  .     .    [8 - .: , .  :         [         . ], : , 2004.]  .   [9 - .: , .  :  pro   : , 2006, 43, 20.]            ,      ,              .     ,         ,                               ,        .         :        ;        ,     [10 - .: Gutman, Amy and Thompson, Dennis. Why Deliberative Democracy? Princeton (NJ), Oxford: Princeton Univ. Press, 2004  Wolin, Sheldon. Democracy, Inc. Managed Democracy and The Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism, Princeton (NJ), Oxford: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008.].

   ,   ,       ,    ,      ( ,  )  ,      .  ,                     ,    .       ,       , ,  ,         .          , ,        , , ,    .              :  ,         ,   ,     .

-,  ,          ,           ,  ,      .    蠖   XXI ,      ࠖ          , , ,                ,          ,      .       ,   ,       ,          ,           ,    .                   ,   ,  ,     . ,   ,    ,     .

 ,         ;      .    ,        ,       .    ,     .   ,                       [11 - , .     ? [         . ], : , 2002, c. 325.],     ,               .              . ,                  ,       [12 -   .  (.:Bell, Daniel. The Resumption of History in the New Century  : Bell, Daniel. The End of Ideology. On The Exhaustion of Political Ideas in The Fifties, Cambridge (Ma.): Harvard Univ. Press, 2000 [c. .. : , .     .       蒒 :  , 2002, 5, . 1325]);         .  (.:Kagan, Robert. The Return of History and The End of Dreams, NewYork: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008).].

,     ,       ,   ,            ,         .

      2005,         ,      .   :    [13 - .: Shleifer, Andrei. A Normal Country. Russia After Communism, Cambridge (Ma.), London: Harvard Univ. Press, 2005.].                ,     ,         .      ,      1990- :  ,              ,        ;             ,    ; , ,             ,       .      :              [14 - Shleifer, Andrei. A Normal Country, . 39, 182, 161, 4.]. ,  ,   -         ;       ,       ,   ,       ,             ( )  .

      .         ,       [15 - .: , . [  : Shleifer, Andrei. A Normal Country. Russia After Communism, Cambridge (Ma.), London: Harvard Univ. Press, 2005] :  , 4 (42),   2005, . 130132.].         .  :  ,    [16 - .: Rosefielde, Steven. Russia: An Abnormal Country in: The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 2005, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 316.].    ,     ,         ,         ,    ,      ,                   [17 - .: Rosefielde, Steven. Russia: An Abnormal Country, pp. 4, 9, 14.]. , .      (  )   ,  .        ,   ,          ,    .             .         :    10     ,        ,  ,        ,   .

   ,  ,  .  2014,      ,                 ,     .  .      ,   ,     .            :                   .   a XXI         XVIII  XIX.       ,   . ,   ,         (   ,          ),   .    ,   ࠖ ,  ,          .

   ,      ,  .   . ,    ,         .   ,    : ,          ,      .  ,         ,  , ,     ,     .    ,   ,    ,  ,     :  ,           ,     ,   .

      ,    .        ,              蠖           .     ,     (       )        ,     ,      .  ,   ,    蠖        ,   , .            ;            ;     .             ;    ;  ,        .      ; ,    ,    ,         ;        .      ,        ,   ,        .            ,      ,     ,      젖      ,    .   , ,       ,       ,    .

      ,      ,  .    ,             ,  ,  ,      ,  .     黠  ,                - .                  ,     ,     ,   .          ,  ,         .                 ,          .   ,      [18 - , . , :  . . , 1868, . 230.],    ,    ,       [19 - Langworth, Richard (ed.) Churchills Wit: The Definitive Collection, London: Ebury Press, 2009, p. 145.],    ,   ,     ,     ,    .     ,        ,    , , ,   ,      [20 -          Le Monde Diplomatique,      : Inozemtsev, Vladislav. Russia shouldt work but it does in: Le Monde diplomatique English edition, 2010, 11 (November), pp. 1213 (   Inozemtsev, Vladislav. Russie, une socit libre sous contr?le authoritaire in: Le Monde diplomatique, 2010, 10 (Octobre), pp. 45).]       ,   .

, ,    ,  ,       ,  , ,  .                    ,            ,    ,    , .



, , 6 2018.




 

 



    ,   XXI  ,                  .   ꠖ      ,    100  ,     [21 -  .:Inglehart, Ronald and Welzel, Christian. Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005, pp. 1822.].         ,   ;   ,     ,       ,       .            .




 


     ,           :  ,        ,     .    ,  ,      (         o()),             蠖  ,                 ,      .

        ,  ,              [22 - ., .: Franklin, Simon and Shepard, Jonathan. The Emergence of Rus, 7501200, London: Longman, 1996, pp. xvii-xviii.].              ,      ,          ,     ,    [23 - .: Shepard, Jonathan. The Origins of Rus : Perrie, Maureen (ed.) The Cambridge History of Russia, Vol. I: From Early Rus to 1689, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006, pp. 4952.].          ,          ,     .       ,      [24 - .: Riasanovsky, Nicholas. Russian Identities: A Historical Survey, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2005, pp. 1922.]        .    ,        -        ,           :          ,        ,     . ,  ,    [25 - . : Koestler, Arthur. The Thirteenth Tribe: The Khazar Empire and Its Heritage, NewYork: Random House, 1976, pp. 3945.],  , ,    .

,     ,     ,   ,      頖       ,      .          ,       .

   , ,      [26 -     1960- . .  (.:Obolensky, Dimitri. The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe 5001453, New Haven (Ct.), 2000).]        , ,  (         ,            ),      ,      ,        ,     .

  ,             ,          .         ,        ,      ,    ,                       ,    ,              ..  ,        .                      .        (  ) ,   ,      ,     [27 - .: , .      :  , 2011, 5, . 3.].          .

               .            ,        (      );     ,                [28 - .: Pipes, Richard. Was there Private Property in Muscovite Russia? : Slavic Review, 1994, vol. 53, pp. 524530.].      ,    -        ,    [29 - .: , .    , : , 1998, . 152.].    :   ,        ,          ,  ,        . ,      ,    ,  ,        ,       ,     .

,                ,       ,             [30 -      ,    ,    ,   ,             (, .   , -, , 2002, . 47).].         ,     ,       ,   .    ,    (   )                      XV[31 - .: Crummey, Robert. The Formation of Muscovy, 13041613, London, NewYork: Longman, 1987, . 129131.].       ,        ,  ,           , ,    .        ,                ,            .

       ,     , ,          ,        ,            .           ,         (       [32 - .: Pirenne, Henry. Medieval Cities: Their Origins and The Revival of Trade, Princeton (NJ): Princeton Univ. Press, 1969, p. 64  Tilly, Charles. Enlargement of European Cities and States : Tilly, Charles and Blockmans, Wimp (ed.) Cities and The Rise of States in Europe, 10001800, Oxford: Longman, 1994, p. 1619.]).  ࠖ     ࠖ    ,      ,     .    ,    ,      蠖   ,                ,      ,    (-     )  ,       .

      ,          ,          ,           蠖       ,     ,   .                ,   (    )       [33 -      (o. 1527.)   : ,   ,  ,    -            ,                ,      - (.: www.portal-slovo.ru/history/39078.php (https://www.portal-slovo.ru/history/39078.ph),   12 2017.).].      ,  ;  ,  ⠖            :      ,    ,    .          ,     ,        , ,         [34 - .: .       [III] (1524.) (.: www.lib.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=5105 (https://www.lib.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=5105),   15 2017.).].     ,          ,         ,          (  [35 - .: Wieczynski, Joseph. The Russian Frontier: The Impact of Borderlands upon The Course of Early Russian History, Charlottesville (Va.): University Press of Virginia, 1976.])     頖    .

                ,    堖 :   ,        (12371242)          ;       .   (  ,          [36 -   . ,   ,     ,     ,  ,     (.:Halperin, Charles. Russia and The Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on The Medieval Russian History, Bloomington (In.): Indiana Univ. Press, 1985, p. 19);  .:Fennell, John. The Crisis of Medieval Russia: 12001304, NewYork: Longman, 1983  Martin, Janet. Medieval Russia: 9801584, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003.])     ,       .    ,           ,        堖        ,  ,   .

         :   ,          ( )      ,                 .     ,  ,          [37 -  .:Morgan, David. The Mongols, NewYork: Blackwell, 1987, pp. 4860.].       ,   - ,           ,                          [38 - .: Cippola, arlo M. Before The Industrial Revolution. European Society and Economy 10001700, London, NewYork: Routledge, 1980, pp. 4247.].  ,   ,              ,            ,      ,     [39 - ., .: Boyle, John Andrew. The Mongol World Empire, 12061370, London: Variourum, 1977, pp. 211213.].    ,                    .      ,         [40 - .: Poly, Jean-Pierre and Bournazel, Eric. The Feudal Transformation, 9001200, NewYork, London: Holmes & Meier, 1991, pp. 1622.],           (  ) .

  ,     (     )    :  ,           ,               . ,                    ,     .            [41 - .: Halperin, Charles. Russia and The Golden Horde, . 113114.];     ,        ,   ,       ,          ,     ,            ;    ,   ,    ,       -          .   ,       ,     .

           :  (   ) ,    [42 - .: Aigle, Denise. The Mongol Empire Between Myth and Reality, Leiden: Brill, 2014, pp. 140145.],                     .    ( )                          .   ,              (  )     ,       ,       XV     , , ,   .

       150 (       1380      ),      .          (           );              ,  ,       (堖 ,     ) ,     .  ,     , ,    ,      :       蠖  -,          ,  -,              ⠖   ,     .          ࠖ       ,    ,     ,     ,            ,     .

      ,   .                ,        .         ,     100          ,    ,        (     ),        .    ,                140 (15561697)  ,      ,    ,   (               230).           ,   ,       ,      .     ,     ,         ;                     .

            :         ,   c XVI      -   ,        .   XVII      (       ),      , , 蠖        ,   .  ,     I,            ,     ,            .

        ,      .   ,        - ,     ,          .  ,            ,       -  (,     ,        ࠖ          1814).         :              [43 -  .:, .  I:     :     , 2011, 1, . 4773.] 蠖        (  ,      I  젖     1860- )         .   ,                  ,   ,              ,    頖  ,           ,              .

,       ,     ; ,      ,   ,     ,    XIX      (   ) .                  ,              .     ,          ,     堖    廠  ,     ,         ,          ,           .        :            (   )    1520       ,              .

,   (      頖 [44 - .: Luttwak, Edward and Kuznetsova, Ekaterina. The Kremlin Paradox, Cambridge (Ma.): Harvard Univ. Press, 2019.])     ,          ,      .        ;       ;             ,               (    ,  ,   )      .          ⠖    ,           ,          (    -    ).    ,           ,                  ,    70    [45 - .: , .   : , 2011, 19, . 6.].          頖     .

,     ,           .   ⠖        ,     ,                .             ,                 ,     .                       ,        頖         ⠖ .




 


   ,        , ,        ,     .            ,        젖 ;   ,     ,    [46 -       ,     ,        (.:https://rg.ru/2016/10/31/putin-podderzhal-ideiu-goda-edinstva-rossijskoi-nacii.html (https://rg.ru/2016/10/31/putin-podderzhal-ideiu-goda-edinstva-rossijskoi-nacii.html)),         ,    ,      (.:, .   [  www.snob.ru/selected/entry/96635 (https://www.snob.ru/selected/entry/96635),   19 2017.]).].   ,   ,   頖  ,         .

   ,     蠖      렖           .       ,         軠    ,   ,      [47 -    ,          ,       ,        XII.,           (, .      : , .   , -: Logos, 1999, . 69).].    ,           (  ):     ,  頖         .              ,      ,    ,     .

,     XIV  ,  IXXI    ,     ,        (   )       .            蠖    ,   .     ,    蠖 ,           ,              ,    ,   ,       ,        (-, ,          ).            500  ,      ,    ,   .

        .     ⠖          蠖      ,               . ,   ,                    [48 - .: Revel, Jean-Fran?ois. Lobsession anti-amricaine. Son fonctionnement, ses causes, ses inconsquences, Paris: Plon, 2002, p. 80.].    ,     ,  ,                ;      , , ,    ,        [49 - Huntington, Samuel. Who Are We? The Challenges to Americas National Identity, NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 2004, . 41, 40.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/vladislav-inozemcev/nesovremennaya-strana-rossiya-v-mire-xxi-veka/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


. : ,  .  , :  , 1933, . 49.




2


.: Maddison, Angus. The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, Paris: OECD Publications Service, 2000, pp. 69.




3


.: Huntington, Samuel. Who Are We? The Challenges to Americas National Identity, NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 2004, . 41.




4


.: Etkind, Alexander. Internal colonization: Russias Imperial Experience, Cambridge, Malden (Ma.): Polity, 2011, pp. 68.




5


.: , .    : , .   9 , . 1, , 1987, . 50.




6


.: Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History? in: The National Interest, 1989, vol. 16, pp. 318, and Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History and The Last Man, London, NewYork: Penguin, 1992.




7


.: Krauthammer, Charles. The Unipolar moment in: Washington Post, 1990, July 20  Krauthammer, Charles. The Unipolar moment in: Foreign Affairs, America and the World Special Issue, 1990/91, pp. 3542.




8


.: , .  :         [         . ], : , 2004.




9


.: , .  :  pro   : , 2006, 43, 20.




10


.: Gutman, Amy and Thompson, Dennis. Why Deliberative Democracy? Princeton (NJ), Oxford: Princeton Univ. Press, 2004  Wolin, Sheldon. Democracy, Inc. Managed Democracy and The Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism, Princeton (NJ), Oxford: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008.




11


, .     ? [         . ], : , 2002, c. 325.




12


  .  (.:Bell, Daniel. The Resumption of History in the New Century  : Bell, Daniel. The End of Ideology. On The Exhaustion of Political Ideas in The Fifties, Cambridge (Ma.): Harvard Univ. Press, 2000 [c. .. : , .     .       蒒 :  , 2002, 5, . 1325]);         .  (.:Kagan, Robert. The Return of History and The End of Dreams, NewYork: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008).




13


.: Shleifer, Andrei. A Normal Country. Russia After Communism, Cambridge (Ma.), London: Harvard Univ. Press, 2005.




14


Shleifer, Andrei. A Normal Country, . 39, 182, 161, 4.




15


.: , . [  : Shleifer, Andrei. A Normal Country. Russia After Communism, Cambridge (Ma.), London: Harvard Univ. Press, 2005] :  , 4 (42),   2005, . 130132.




16


.: Rosefielde, Steven. Russia: An Abnormal Country in: The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 2005, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 316.




17


.: Rosefielde, Steven. Russia: An Abnormal Country, pp. 4, 9, 14.




18


, . , :  . . , 1868, . 230.




19


Langworth, Richard (ed.) Churchills Wit: The Definitive Collection, London: Ebury Press, 2009, p. 145.




20


         Le Monde Diplomatique,      : Inozemtsev, Vladislav. Russia shouldt work but it does in: Le Monde diplomatique English edition, 2010, 11 (November), pp. 1213 (   Inozemtsev, Vladislav. Russie, une socit libre sous contr?le authoritaire in: Le Monde diplomatique, 2010, 10 (Octobre), pp. 45).




21


 .:Inglehart, Ronald and Welzel, Christian. Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005, pp. 1822.




22


., .: Franklin, Simon and Shepard, Jonathan. The Emergence of Rus, 7501200, London: Longman, 1996, pp. xvii-xviii.




23


.: Shepard, Jonathan. The Origins of Rus : Perrie, Maureen (ed.) The Cambridge History of Russia, Vol. I: From Early Rus to 1689, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006, pp. 4952.




24


.: Riasanovsky, Nicholas. Russian Identities: A Historical Survey, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2005, pp. 1922.




25


. : Koestler, Arthur. The Thirteenth Tribe: The Khazar Empire and Its Heritage, NewYork: Random House, 1976, pp. 3945.




26


    1960- . .  (.:Obolensky, Dimitri. The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe 5001453, New Haven (Ct.), 2000).




27


.: , .      :  , 2011, 5, . 3.




28


.: Pipes, Richard. Was there Private Property in Muscovite Russia? : Slavic Review, 1994, vol. 53, pp. 524530.




29


.: , .    , : , 1998, . 152.




30


     ,    ,    ,   ,             (, .   , -, , 2002, . 47).




31


.: Crummey, Robert. The Formation of Muscovy, 13041613, London, NewYork: Longman, 1987, . 129131.




32


.: Pirenne, Henry. Medieval Cities: Their Origins and The Revival of Trade, Princeton (NJ): Princeton Univ. Press, 1969, p. 64  Tilly, Charles. Enlargement of European Cities and States : Tilly, Charles and Blockmans, Wimp (ed.) Cities and The Rise of States in Europe, 10001800, Oxford: Longman, 1994, p. 1619.




33


     (o. 1527.)   : ,   ,  ,    -            ,                ,      - (.: www.portal-slovo.ru/history/39078.php (https://www.portal-slovo.ru/history/39078.ph),   12 2017.).




34


.: .       [III] (1524.) (.: www.lib.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=5105 (https://www.lib.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=5105),   15 2017.).




35


.: Wieczynski, Joseph. The Russian Frontier: The Impact of Borderlands upon The Course of Early Russian History, Charlottesville (Va.): University Press of Virginia, 1976.




36


  . ,   ,     ,     ,  ,     (.:Halperin, Charles. Russia and The Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on The Medieval Russian History, Bloomington (In.): Indiana Univ. Press, 1985, p. 19);  .:Fennell, John. The Crisis of Medieval Russia: 12001304, NewYork: Longman, 1983  Martin, Janet. Medieval Russia: 9801584, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003.




37


 .:Morgan, David. The Mongols, NewYork: Blackwell, 1987, pp. 4860.




38


.: Cippola, arlo M. Before The Industrial Revolution. European Society and Economy 10001700, London, NewYork: Routledge, 1980, pp. 4247.




39


., .: Boyle, John Andrew. The Mongol World Empire, 12061370, London: Variourum, 1977, pp. 211213.




40


.: Poly, Jean-Pierre and Bournazel, Eric. The Feudal Transformation, 9001200, NewYork, London: Holmes & Meier, 1991, pp. 1622.




41


.: Halperin, Charles. Russia and The Golden Horde, . 113114.




42


.: Aigle, Denise. The Mongol Empire Between Myth and Reality, Leiden: Brill, 2014, pp. 140145.




43


 .:, .  I:     :     , 2011, 1, . 4773.




44


.: Luttwak, Edward and Kuznetsova, Ekaterina. The Kremlin Paradox, Cambridge (Ma.): Harvard Univ. Press, 2019.




45


.: , .   : , 2011, 19, . 6.




46


      ,     ,        (.:https://rg.ru/2016/10/31/putin-podderzhal-ideiu-goda-edinstva-rossijskoi-nacii.html (https://rg.ru/2016/10/31/putin-podderzhal-ideiu-goda-edinstva-rossijskoi-nacii.html)),         ,    ,      (.:, .   [  www.snob.ru/selected/entry/96635 (https://www.snob.ru/selected/entry/96635),   19 2017.]).




47


   ,          ,       ,        XII.,           (, .      : , .   , -: Logos, 1999, . 69).




48


.: Revel, Jean-Fran?ois. Lobsession anti-amricaine. Son fonctionnement, ses causes, ses inconsquences, Paris: Plon, 2002, p. 80.




49


Huntington, Samuel. Who Are We? The Challenges to Americas National Identity, NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 2004, . 41, 40.


