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 ,       (  ),  ,    , ,    . ,               [17 -            ,     (.: Clayton Christensen, Paul Carlile, David Sundall. TheProcess ofTheory Building).         ,   ,  ,     ,    .     ,   cchristensen@hbs.edu (mailto:cchristensen@hbs.edu).        (  ): E.H. Carr. What IsHistory? NewYork: Vintage Books, 1961; K.M. Eisenhardt. Building Theories from Case Study Research//Academy ofManagement Review 14, 4 (1989), 532550; B. Glaser, A. Straus. TheDiscovery ofGrounded Theory: Strategies ofQualitative Research. London: Wiedenfeld andNicholson, 1967; A. Kaplan. TheConduct ofInquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Research. Scranton, PA: Chandler, 1964; Robert S. Kaplan. TheRole for Empirical Research inManagement Accounting//Accounting, Organizations andSociety 4, 5 (1986), 429452; T. Kuhn. TheStructure ofScientific Revolutions. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1962; M. Poole, A. Van de ven. Using Paradox toBuild Management andOrganization Theories//Academy ofManagement Review 14, 4 (1989), 562578; K. Popper. TheLogic ofScientific Discovery. NewYork: Basic Books, 1959; F. Roethlisberger. TheElusive Phenomena. Boston: Harvard Business School Division ofResearch, 1977; Arthur Stinchcombe. TheLogic ofScientific Inference// Constructing Social Theories, chapter 2, NewYork: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968; Andrew Van de ven. Professional Science for aProfessional School//Breaking theCode ofChange/Eds. Michael Beer, Nithin Nohria. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000; Karl E. Weick. Theory Construction asDisciplined Imagination//Academy ofManagement Review 14, 4 (1989), 516531; R. Tin. Case Study Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1984.].




 


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  ,      .    :         . ,       2001.   (Chris Zook, James Allen. Profit from theCore. Boston: Harvard Business School Press) ,  13%   1854       .            (Richard Foster, Sarah Kaplan. Creative Destructions. NewYork: Currency/Doubleday),     1008  1962 1998. ,  160 ,  16%,    .     , ,      , , ;   .   2001.       (Jim Collins. Good toGreat. NewYork: HarperBusiness),    1435  30, 1965 1995.  ,  126 ,  9%,         .       (Stall Points. Washington, DC: TheCorporate Strategy Board, 1988),      , ,  5%   Fortune 500       4%  -     .     :  ,    ,   10%.




2


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NCR

Fatal Attraction (AT&Ts Failed Merger with NCR)//The Economist, 23March, 1996.

NCR Spinoff Completes AT&T Restructure Plan//Bloomberg Business News, 1 January, 1997.



McCaw andAT&T Wireless Sale

TheWall Street Journal, 21 September, 1994.

AT&T Splits Off AT&T Wireless//AT&T News Release, 9 July, 2001.



AT&T, TCI, andMediaOne

AT&T Plans Mailing toSell TCI Customers Phone, Web Services//The Wall Street Journal, 10March, 1999.

TheAT&T-Mediaone Deal: What theFCC Missed//Business Week, 19 June, 2000.

AT&T Broadband toMerge with Comcast Corporation in$72 Billion Transaction//AT&T News Release, 19 December, 2001.

Consumer Groups Still Questioning Comcast AT&T Cable Merger//Associates Press Newswires, 21 October, 2001.




3


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11


., :  .  :   (James Brian Quinn. Strategies for Change: Logical Incrementalism. Homewood, IL: R.D.Irwin, 1980).          :        ,      ,     ,   . Ѡ        : ,           ,   .

     (.: Tom Peters. Thriving onChaos: Handbook for aManagement Revolution. NewYork: Knopf/Random House, 1978)                 .       : ,           .

      .  ,     ,   젖  頖    ,       ,     .     : ,      .           ,       . ,          ,     ,      . ,      -   (., : Gary Hamel. Leading theRevolution. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2001).

       .          .  ,         ,     ,         .  ,     ,    ,    ,   ,  .

  .  3M  ,          .       15:       15%   ,        .    :       ,     .

     .       ? ,15%        .   ,        , ,    ,       , .   .      -  ,         .     ,   ⠖      .    ,      .   ,     - ,        ,      .

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        .       ,            ,  .          .




12


ʠ                 .    (.: Joseph L. Bower. Managing theResource Allocation Process. Homewood, IL: Richard D.Irwin, 1970; Robert Burgelman, Leonard Sayles. Inside Corporate Innovation. NewYork: Free Press, 1986; Robert Burgelman. Strategy IsDestiny. NewYork: Free Press, 2002).




13


Clayton M.Christensen, Scott D.Anthony. Whats theBIG Idea? Case 9-602-105. Boston: Harvard Business School, 2001.




14


    , ꠫  ,    -       .      .       .     ,      .    ,      .  ࠖ        :  . ,     :   ,    .          ,          .      :    ,      ,    .   ,       ,        .            .




15


      .    ,     -  ,       .     :         .          젖     - . Ƞ ,       ,    ,     .

, ,  . - ,   . ,     . Ƞ   , ,    ,           .        .   ,      . ,   젖     .




16


      (.: Peter Senge. TheFifth Discipline. NewYork: Bantam Doubleday Dell, 1990).      ,     .     : ,         ,   .




17


           ,     (.: Clayton Christensen, Paul Carlile, David Sundall. TheProcess ofTheory Building).         ,   ,  ,     ,    .     ,   cchristensen@hbs.edu (mailto:cchristensen@hbs.edu).        (  ): E.H. Carr. What IsHistory? NewYork: Vintage Books, 1961; K.M. Eisenhardt. Building Theories from Case Study Research//Academy ofManagement Review 14, 4 (1989), 532550; B. Glaser, A. Straus. TheDiscovery ofGrounded Theory: Strategies ofQualitative Research. London: Wiedenfeld andNicholson, 1967; A. Kaplan. TheConduct ofInquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Research. Scranton, PA: Chandler, 1964; Robert S. Kaplan. TheRole for Empirical Research inManagement Accounting//Accounting, Organizations andSociety 4, 5 (1986), 429452; T. Kuhn. TheStructure ofScientific Revolutions. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1962; M. Poole, A. Van de ven. Using Paradox toBuild Management andOrganization Theories//Academy ofManagement Review 14, 4 (1989), 562578; K. Popper. TheLogic ofScientific Discovery. NewYork: Basic Books, 1959; F. Roethlisberger. TheElusive Phenomena. Boston: Harvard Business School Division ofResearch, 1977; Arthur Stinchcombe. TheLogic ofScientific Inference// Constructing Social Theories, chapter 2, NewYork: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968; Andrew Van de ven. Professional Science for aProfessional School//Breaking theCode ofChange/Eds. Michael Beer, Nithin Nohria. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000; Karl E. Weick. Theory Construction asDisciplined Imagination//Academy ofManagement Review 14, 4 (1989), 516531; R. Tin. Case Study Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1984.




18


   ,    ,        ,   .     ,  ;      .         , ,     .       堖    ;          (., : R. Carnap. Empiricism, Semantics andOntology. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1956; W.V.O. Quine. Two Dogmas ofEmpiricism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961; W.V.O. Quine. Epistemology Naturalized. NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1969).




19


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20


     Boston Consulitng Group.        ,       .  ,       ,         .         . ʠ,  ,    ,    ,     .        젖    .  ,  ,       ,  ,     .      .  ,    ,   ,    ,    .  ,     . ,    .     ,       .      - ,      ,   :      -.




21


  ,    ,    ,  :    ,   .     ,     ,       頖  .          .         ,   ,    ,    . ,    , ,      頖       .       (Thomas Kuhn. TheStructure ofScientific Revolutions. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1962)   ,           ,      .

       (.: Barney G. Glasder, Anselm L. Strauss. TheDiscovery ofGrounded Theory: Strategies ofQualitative Research. London: Wiedenfeld andNicholson, 1967)     .  ,     蠖   .         ,   ,  .   ,          ,        .




22


Clayton M. Christensen. TheInnovators Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms toFail. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.




23


     ,  ,     .         (Robert K. Yin. Case Study Research: Design andMethods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1984).   ,  ,  ,    (     ),  ,    ,   .    ,   ,  , .  :   ,        ,         . ,   ,  ,     .         : ,            , , ,  ,  ,       ,   .. ߠ    ,   :   .   , -      ,     .

,      ,      :    ,    - 堖 - ,    .      ,       蠖 ,   .   ,    ,     ,     軠 ,     :      ,      .   .       ,      ,   ,  ࠫ   .




24


  ,       ,      .    ;     ,             .       :    .            :       ,      ,       -     ,    .         Bain&Co          . ,      ,  :          ,   .     :    ,  ,           .      ,        ,       . , , ,       . , ,      .  ? ,  ,       ,   ,        .     ,   ,        ,    .  ,      :             ?          ࠖ ,        ?




25


    ,         ,  .         (., : Richard Foster. Innovation: TheAttackers Advantage. NewYork: Summit Books, 1986).     ,       ,     (.: Michael L. Tushman, Philip Anderson. Technological Discontinuities andOrganizational Environments//Administrative Science Quarterly 31, 1986).     ,    ,    MIT  .    (.: James M. Utterback, William J. Abernathy. ADynamic Model ofProcess andProduct Innovation//Omega 33, 6, 1975, 639656; Clayton M. Christensen, Fernando F. Suarez, James M. Utterback. Strategies for Survival inFast Changing Industries//Management Science 44, 12, 2001, 207220.




26


       ,       :    , ,  .    , ,     ( ,  ,  ..),    .           ,       . ,       ,   ,  .




27


,         ,   , ,      .   ,  ,  ,        .   ,       ,      ,     ,  ,   ,    (  )      .  ,   ,         ,      .            ,      ,         , ,  ,      .




28


     , ,      ,       ,                -. , IBM     ,   -    : IBM   -,   -.     , IBM    - .  Hewlett-Packard      :      ⠖  ,      ,  . Ѡ     ,       ,      .  Charles Schwab    -; Teradyne,    ,       ;  Intel    Celeron,       . ,         ,   -   .             ,   ,  ,    .




29


   :       -.




30


        ,     .        ,       .       ,   , -   ,   .    ,  -    .       -    ,   .




31


     ? (.: Mihael Porter. What IsStrategy?//Harvard Business Review, November December 1996, 6178)  ,      .


