,  .        
 

 


   ,                       ,         ,       .   ,         McKinsey & Company        ,         ,        .          , -        .    ,    :       ,   .           ,         ,  ,    .





 ,  

,  .        



   McKinsey & Company 



      

  . 

 . 

  . 

 . 



 McKinsey & Company, 2011

    , , .   , 2014

  .    John Wiley & Sons, Inc.



  .                        ,         ,           .



       (www.litres.ru (http://www.litres.ru/))


* * *







,    ,          ,    ,   ,    ,  ,                .   ,      .    ,   ,  ,    ,          .  ,     :    ,    . ,            ,    .   ,    ,   ,         ,     ,   ,        ,   .

            .     ,   -    ,      ,      .   ,  ,      ,                  ,   ,            .

 ,       ,   .     ,    , ..    ,        ,     - .   ,    ,    ,        .

 ,    ,          , ..         .     (The Future of Management)        .       .         ,           ,       ,           .      40-                 .          ,       .         ,        McKinsey      .

   ,           .  -      .                 , ,   ,         ,  ,  ,     .    ,        .     ,           ,              .

     .       ,      .     ,    . -,    ,           .          ,      .     10           ,    .             ,         ,       .

-,           .      ,        .        ,           ,     .             ,      . , ,    ,    ,                      -     (      3).      ,         ,    ,     ,         (In Search of Excellence)[1 -  ., -. .   :     . .:  , 2011.]    (Built to Last)[2 -  .,  .  :  ,  . .: ,   , 1994.].

-,                  . ,   ,        ,   .          ,       , , ,     ,      ,         .    ,   ,    ,    900   .  ,      ,             .

, , ,    ,      ,       .      :   ,      .       .               ,                             .         .       ,        ,        .         ,     ,   ,       ,       .

     McKinsey & Company          Management Innovation eXchange (     , www.managementexchange.com). MIX       ,        .  ,          ,   ,     ,         -  MIX,      .

    ,      ,    .   ,     .  ,               ,      .      ,   -     ,       .



 ,  2011.

      The Wall Street Journal    -  .       ,     (Leading the Revolution)[3 -  .   :      ,     . .:   , 2007.],    (Competing for the Future)[4 -  .,  .   :    . .: -, 2002.]   ,      ,   The Wall Street Journal, Fortune  The Financial Times.       ,            .






  ?



        ?   ,   ,             .              .         ,        ,      .           ,  ,  ,           .  ,   ,   ,  ,         ,        .

 ,      ,    :                 .                McKinsey.           ,            .

       ,   ,  .   ,          ,    .            ,       .    ,    ,             ,   ,   ,            .

 ,   ,      ,   ,             .      .         ,          .   ,      ,        .




  


C         ,     -     .         ,  ,      ,        .      .    ,      ,      ,                 .                ,       .          ,         .

         .      ,        ,    .      :    ,                   ,   ,        .   ,  Wellcome Trust,    :      ,     ,    [1 -   .].

  ,  ,                   .  ,       .             .        ,   ,   .   ,           ,      .  ,         .

    ,  ,        ,  ,        .    ,  General Electric    -    ,   Southwest Airlines   - ,    Ritz-Carlton          Procter & Gamble   ,        ? ,    .   , ,    ,          :    ,   , ,     .    ,    ,       ,     .   ,   ,      .

,     ,     .    ,       (  -    20%)[2 -   .].     ,    ,                   .  XXI.  ,   ,        .  -,       Zain,    :          ,      ,      .          ,        .   ,        [3 - John Tiefel J. 2009. Chaos By Design: An Interview with the CEO of Zain. In Voices on Transformation 3. McKinsey & Company.].




    ?


     .  ,         S&P 500.  1955.      45 ,  1975.  26 ,   2011.    17 [4 -                      Creative Destruction: Why Companies that Are Built to Last Underperform the Market  And How to Successfully Transform Them. 2001. New York: Doubleday/Currency.].    ,    S&P 500  2010.,  2020.  .

 ,            S&P,    .  Enron, Digital Equipment Corporation, Lehman Brothers, Arthur Andersen  British Leyland. ,         2020.

          .    ,              .   ,    ,   ,           ,     .     ,              , ,            ,      .      ,      ,       ,         XI .

    ,       ,    .     .    ,    , ,        ,    ,    ,     ..               .

 ,        .      ?     ,    5000     200   ,     ,              ,               .             .        ,          .        ( 8% )        ( 1% ).

 ,              .      ,       .    ,   Royal Mail,       - ,   -      :    ?     ?       ?       ?[5 -   .]  ,     Itau Unibanco,   :           - .     ,   ,         [6 - Oliveira F. 2009. Transforming a High-Performing Company: An Interview with Roberto Setubal. McKinsey Quarterly (April).].

 ,          .           ,     .    ,   ,       .  1987. 61%    ,     .  2000.     51%.   2009.  45%     [7 -       :     //       l4599-RR. 2010, .].

     ,       ?       :  1995  2009.      ,     15- ,   1950.[8 -      ,    .]       .

                  .    Ipsos Mori  100   500     ,  ,                    [9 - Stern S. 2010. Share the Power. Managing Employees through the Recovery. Financial Times (March, 22). Special Report.].




    ?


           ,  ,            .   , , ,   ,    .         ,     ,    ,  ,  ,      ,      .

                 .       ,      .        ,     ,          ,   ,       [10 - Bouvard F., T. Dohrmann, and N. Lovegrove. 2009. The Case for Government Reform Now. McKinsey Quarterly (June).].   -             ,    2020.       .           ,   .

            ,        ,       .

             :          ;      ,      ;    ,      ,       ;              , ,           .          .

           ,    .       ?   ,     ?     ,   ?    ?    ?




 


 30         McKinsey  ,          .      :     [5 -  ., -. .   .     . .:  , 2014.]. ,        7S.  43    500   ,      ,      ,     : , , , , ,    .

          ,    .          [6 -  .,  .  .  ,  . .: ,   , 2013.],   1994.,       18  .

 , ,     ,   .   ,    ,            .  2006.,     , 20%     , 46%     ,   33%   [11 - Based on analysis in Stuart Cranier S. and D. Dearlove. 2002. Excellence Revisited. Business Strategy Review (March 2002, updated to 2006).].   ?

,       .        ,  ,    .         ,     , ..  ,    .

      ,       -     ,   .        ,      ,      ,    , ..   ,  ,               .

 ,          ,    ?         ,       ,         .

 1996.,         (Leading Change)[7 -  .  . .: -, 2007.],        ,  ,   30%      .      15    25000   ,  ,       ,        .     ,        . ,   15    .

  -       .         .   ?

  ,       ,         (  )   (  ) ,       .               ,     ,       .      ,             ,         .




 


      .            ,          ,          .            43  ,         18 ,      .            ,     600000     500    .         6800       ;   900      ;    30  ,         ;       McKinsey,     ,    .  ,        ,       .  ,                .

 ,         ,        ,        ,       .  ,        ,   2        .         ,         ,       .

         ,           ,   ,      .          ,     .      .     ,                          ,  ,  ,    .




 I

  





 1

 

   



  2004.  Coca-Cola   .    ,  ,  1997. , ,   Coca-Cola.          26%,       ,  PepsiCo,       46%.        .          ,     .       ,     .

     Coca-Cola   .  - Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company,            ,        .         ,        .              ,           - Coca-Cola  .

  ,    .        Coca-Cola,       ,        .     ,     ?

  ,          Coca-Cola   .       ,     ,  .     ,   ,   ,    ,   -      .

  100       ,  Coca-Cola          3%  III  IV .      ,      .     -   ,   [12 - Foust D. 2004. Gone Flat. Business Week (December 20).].   Coca-Cola      24%   III ,           .

  ,        .    ,       ,    ,        ,    .        ,      ,    .      :      ;     ;  ,  ,         .       .   ,     ,     150  ,        400 ,       [13 - Fox A. 2007. Refreshing a Beverage Companys Culture. HR Magazine (November 1).].

     .        :    20%.      19,8  Coca-Cola  2004.  21,4   2006., ..      105    .  2007.   Coca-Cola  13 .,   30%    Pepsi.  16  ,    2007., 13 ,     ,     ,    .

          .       25%.     ,              .       :      10    64%,                65  76%.

        .     2007.  :     ,  80%      .      .    [14 - Fox A. 2007. Refreshing a Beverage Companys Culture. HR Magazine (November 1).].       2008.,        .




 


      Coca-Cola            .         ,            ? ,          .                ,   .         ,    ,        .

,             ,    ,       ,           ,      .   Infosys Technologies,      , . .  , , ,                        [15 -        :      (Kumra G. and J. Wendler. 2005 The Creative Art of Influence: Making Change Personal. Voices of Transformation 1, McKinsey & Company).].

    ,        ?     ,    ,           .

        ,      ,      ,    ,   ,    ,      .

     ,        ,         .

         .      2010.  ,   , ,  ,        ,       ,     ,      ,  ,    [16 -     ,  (What Successful Transformations Share. McKinsey Quarterly survey, January 2010).].

,         .      .     ,      .       . ,  ,      10, 20  50 .

 ,    ,        :  ,     ,     .        2008.        .    ,      200 .  ,       .  ,      ,         .

           .              ,      . ,               EBITDA (   ,   )  ,              ,   1,5         (.1.1).      ,    50%         .








           .           16     .      ,        54%       (.1.2).








           .     ,       .  :       ,     ,     .  ,  ,  ,    ,    ,    ,     ,         .

         .         ,         ,  - .    , ,    ,    50%        ,        .    .      ,      (,    ,  ,  ),        .          .           ,                   .

  ,     ,       .   McKinsey  ,      .       .      ,      (,  )    (,  ).                ,     .  2006. ,       ,   .

              .                    ,    :              ,     ?       Toyota    ,          .     ?    ,   Toyota       ,       ,           ,              .

 2005. Toyota      General Motors       . ,    , ,  ,            .      Toyota    ,       .         ,        ,            .                .

           2006. Toyota,  ,      ,   ,     ,           .  ,         ,    .   Toyota,          39%,        ,  .    ,        ,       .

   2010. Toyota      -   .    ,   ,  Toyota,          .    ,      ,         2006.

        .  ,       Honeywell  Allied Signal,    :     ,      ,   ,    .            [17 - Bossidy L. Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done. 2002. New York: Crown Business.].  ,    Billiton, ,             ,       ,      [18 -   .].  ,     ,     ,     .

 ,       ,   ,     ,     ,     .      ;      ,     ,     ,   - .

         ,         ,          .      :     .       Fast Company        (Practically Radical)[8 -  .  :   ,       . .:  , 2011.],    ,              [19 - Taylor W.C. 2011. Practically Radical. New York: William Morrow.].            ,          .          .                  . ,                  .




  


      ,              :      . :      .          ,           . ,     , ,     ,               ,       ,      .

    ,   ,   Atari.     1972.    ,            .  1973.   40 .     (  Pong[9 -  -,     .])      3 .  -     ,       .  1980. Atari            415 .        .                    .

        .      ,       ,     ,     ,            .

          .           -Man  ET  .      ,           ,       Atari   .  1983.     , Atari     536 .      .

Atari        .   (        )    1998.   5 .       ,    .         25 .     .

       .    Atari   ?        ?

     .                   :     ,         .

     Pixar.     24  ,      ,              ,    Pixar.       Pixar  ,         ,     :       .     ,      [20 - Cowan M. 2009. Pixar Co-Founder Mulls Meaning of Success. USC News Bulletin, University of Southern California (December 10).].

           12   , Pixar      ,            180 .  ,           ,  .   Pixar    ,   Pixar       .   ,   ,       ,   ,       [21 - Nevius C.W. 2005. Pixar Tells Story Behind Toy Story. San Francisco Chronicle (August 23).].             ,       .   ,      .      ,   ,   ,       ,   [22 - Catmull E. 2008. How Pixar Fosters Collective Creativity. Harvard Business Review (September).].

  ,        , General Motors,        ,        .  2009. ,  -          ,        50 .    .  GM      .  2005. GM      10,6 .  2007.     38,7 .       45%.    2008. General Motors ,          ,         ,     .

 18     General Motors   .     GM   20 .        61  3%,        ,     GM    ,     [23 - Simon B. and T. Demos. 2010. GM Listing Marks Successful Turnround. Financial Times (November 18).].   ,              .  ,    , :     .          ,   .     [24 - Simon B. and T. Demos. 2010. GM Listing Marks Successful Turnround. Financial Times (November 18).].

   ?   , GM    .  ,         ,     ,  Honda,    .       ,          ,       . ,   ,     .               ,       General Motors         .   GM    : ,   Chrysler          [25 - www.financialstability.gov/docs/AIFP/Chrysler-Viability-Assessment.pdf (http://www.financialstability.gov/docs/AIFP/Chrysler-Viability-Assessment.pdf)].           ,          .

    ,   ,              .         20 . 1990.  2000.   ,          .     GM  New York Times    :   GM         :  ,  ,     ,     [26 - Brooks D. 2009. The Quagmire Ahead. New York Times (June, 1).].             GM    1988.:    ,          ,      .  ,       ,    ,   ,     .

,                 ,     ,        ,   .    :    ,           .  1996.   Sunbeam Products,     , ,    -,           6000 .     ,  Sunbeam Products      ,         . ,     Sunbeam Products,     ,           .       .  1998. Sunbeam       60 .,    .

         ,  IBM  1993.      -        ,         ,          .          .    ,     ,    ,           .        ,      800%,  IBM         ,    IT.

           Enron  2001.   Lehman Brothers  2008.,    ,           .           ,        .      ,       ,           .

    Enron.          ,       .  :  Enron     ?   :        ,      ,     .         Enron :         ,     [27 - Zellner W. and S. Anderson Forest. 2001. The Fall of Enron. Business Week (December, 17).].

     , - Enron     ,       Enron,         .               ,               .   2001.     Enron       ,     ,      .       -    , Enron               .

 Enron            ,         .                  ,   2008.      .  Lehman Brothers,   158- ,   ,  Macys  20th Century Fox,      .

     2006. Lehman        .       ,        .  2007.,          ,   ,   , Lehman  ,             20  40 .[28 - Vicky Ward V. 2010. The Devils Casino. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.]         ,     ,     1998.

     , Lehman      ,       ,     ,       2007.                           .    -        ,        2008.    ,   Lehman Brothers    .         ,     .  Lehman Brothers       .

          BP         ,      Deepwater Horizon  2010. ,    11  ( 17    ),        750  .          ,           [29 -     :       (Gulf of Mexico Oil Leak Worst US Environment Disaster. 2010. BBC News (May, 30). www.bbc.co.uk/news/10194335 (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10194335)).].

       BP,                  ?               .          BP  . ,        BP    2005. ,             .  ,     ,   ,         [30 - Crooks E., S. Pfiefer, and S. McNulty. 2010. Energy: A Sea Change Needed. Financial Times (October, 6).].

               .        1,4 ,        .              .          ,    -     , ,   ,     ,  ,   ,      ,   ,  ,         [31 - Boseley S. 2010. Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust Left Patients Humiliated and in Pain. Guardian (February, 24).].

   2005  2008.    -                 4001200  ,      (         ).     ,              ,    ,    ,  ,         .  , -            .

      [32 -         ,    ,         .                .],     .      ,         ,  ,     .          .          .        :    ,       ,        . ,     ,   ,    .    ,       ,    [33 -  ,   .           (Murphy K., Director of the Patients Association. 2009. Outrage Greets Mid Staffordshire Hospital Report. Guardian (March, 17).].

  ,     ,     ,      ,            .     ,         ,       [34 -              2005   2009.  I.  . . 2010. 24 . (Independent Inquiry into Care Provided by Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust January 2005  March 2009, vol. I, Stationery Office, London, February 24, 2010.)].




     


      ,              ,    ,     .     ,  McKinsey  2010.,   2000 -.     ,       ,           [35 - McKinsey Quarterly survey. 2010. What Successful Transformations Share. January, 2010.].                  ?   :        ,                .           .

 ,   ,   ,        .         ,     ,       .      ,    ,     ,       ..

  ,     ,      .              .  ,   ,    ,      .  ,     ,               .                 .        ,         ,           .

       .               ,        .      ,       ,  ,    ,   ,   ,    .     :  ,       .       ,         .     ,       ,        .  ,        ,    ,     ,      .

       .       ,  ,  ,             ,       .       ,      .        ?  ,      ,      ,     ?       ?

   ,   ,        .      , ,   ,    ,          , ,          (       ).    McKinsey   :    ,             .      80%                  .              ,     ,   [36 - Davis I. 2005. How to Escape the Short-Term Trap. McKinsey Quarterly (April).].




      


               ,   ,         ?  :       ,       .

                .          ,     ,     .

 ,            : , , , , ; , , , , ; ,  , , ,  , ; , , , ,   , , , , .    :         .

        ,        .       .       -[10 -      5As,        ,    a: aspire, assess, architect, act, advance.]:

:    ?

:     ?

 :    ,   ?

:     ?

 :   ,     ?



                  .

      ,      :

:       ( )?

:               (  )?

 :          ( )?

:             ( )?

 :      ,      ,       ( )?



     ,     :

:  ,      (   )?

:   ,        (  )?

 :      ,           ( )?

:  ,  ,   ,     ( )?

 :                ( )?



      ,            ,     (.1.3).             .    ,    ,      ,         .      ,        ,        .








,         (    ),        ,     ,           .                . ,               ,               .

    ,                ,             .      ,           ,   ,      ,              .    :         ,           .   ,  :           ,   ,     . ,          ,    ,         .

 ,        , ,      (  ).    ,   , ,    , ,     ,      . ,    ,      ,    .   ,    ,      :         ,   ?

           .    ,     ?    ?      ?        ?    ,         ?          ?       ?      ,     ,      ?

   ,           ,            .      ,       .  ,      :          ,    ,        ,  ,        ..

,    ,   .    ,    ,   .         ,   ,    ,     ,      .

            ,       .    :          .      ,       ,        .    ,         ,         . ,    ,   . ,     ,    ?

       .       ,            .  ,    .          ,           .     , -      ,     ,  .

  ,    ,        ,     ,            .              ,         . ?   , ,   ,      .    ,     ,      .   :    2000 -  ,      ,        .  16%     ,       ,    65% - ,             [37 - McKinsey Quarterly survey. 2010. What Successful Transformations Share. January, 2010.].

       ,          .   ,     ,  ,   ,                 .  70%          ,            (.1.4)[38 -    : Beer M. and N. Nohria, editors. 2000. Breaking the Code of Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press; Cameron K.S. and R.E. Quinn. 1999. Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Caldwell B. 1994. Missteps, Miscues: Business Re-Engineering Failures Have Cost Corporations Billions and Spending Is Still on the Rise. Information Week (June, 20); State of Re-Engineering Report (North America and Europe). 1994. CSC Index; Goss T., R. Tanner Pascale, and A.G. Athos. 1993. The Reinvention Roller Coaster: Risking the Present for a Powerful Future. Harvard Business Review (November 1); Kotter J.P. and J.L. Heskett. 1992. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: Free Press.].

        ,     ,        ,         .   ,         .    ,    PepsiCo,      ,   [39 - Sherman S. 1995. How Tomorrows Leaders Are Learning Their Stuff. Fortune (November, 27).].








,      ,  ,     ,         .  ,  - ,         ,           .        ,   ,   ,  -     ?          .

       .   ,        ,       ,     ,      ,            .



           ,     ,    .      10  ,       .  :      ,    ?          ,     , ,  , ,   ,         .

        Business Week  :     ,  ,    ,            . ,  ,      .      ,      [40 - Lavelle L. 2005. Eight Isnt Enough. Business Week (February, 28).].

   .       ,     ,     ,       .            . ,        :      ,   ,    .




 2

  

     



      ?    -         ?            McKinsey & Company.    ,        ,         ,   ,         .

         ,  ,               .  ,  ,     , McKinsey & Company,           1980- .,                .  ,      ,   McKinsey,  99   57    .       -     ,               .




 


       ,       ,    .     ,       ,         ?     ,  ,  .   ,    .      :     ,   ?

     ,  :     ,  ,     .      ,        :  ,            .          ,       ,        .

       .     ,       ,   ,            .            .     ,           .    ,    80%    ,      ,        .    ,       ,            .     : ,     ,       ,          ,        ,    .                   .

           ,   -     [41 -  ,  ,         ,      3 .].    ,   ,       ,             .

        ,  , ,      ,    ,   . -  -       ,    ,             .     :      :      , ,       ,      ,    .  ,           .

       .      ,       ,        .   ,           ,    ,            .     ,      .  ,      .        (      ,       ),            ,    ,    ? (Who Moved My Cheese?)[11 -  .   ,    ? .: , 2002.],       (The Complete Idiots Guide to Change Management)  ! !         (Fish! A Remarkable Way to Boost Morale and Improve Results)[12 -  .,  .,  . ! !        . .: , 2003.].         .

       ,      (    ,   ?),           ,     ,    .

  ,    ,   ,            , ..      ,                  .

  ,   ,   , ..   ,      .

                   ,        .

     ,       ,    ,       .




 


   ,    ,  ,        .        ,    ,   .        .

     :     ,  ,    .      ,      ,        .       -   .       ,                 (      ,   ).                  ,      .

         ,      ,      .    ,     ,   ,    ,      .       2002.         .         ,   2005.            ,      .

       ,               .       .         ,           , .. ,    .            ,      .

,       ,    :  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,   ,    .            ,        .  : .    ,  ?   :  .   ,   .   ,  -    ?

       ,            ,          .    ,    (   3D-[13 -     3D (three  dimensional, ),           d: diagnose, design, deliver.]:  ,       .    ,        :          .           :          ,         .  ,     ,       : , ,  , ,  .

 ,       ,      ,    McKinsey Quarterly ( ,         ,    ).        2,3 .     ( 32000    2011.)      -,    McKinsey      .        ,           [42 -     ,  35%     , 29%   , 26%   ,      ,     .     , 39%   ,       .].            2006, 2008  2010.[43 -    : Organizing for Successful Change Management: A McKinsey Global Survey (July, 2006); Creating Organizational Transformations: McKinsey Global Survey Results (August, 2008); What Successful Transformations Share: McKinsey Global Survey Results (March, 2010),   www.mckinseyquarterly.com (http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/)]

           ,      (Change Leaders Forum).         -,       .  2005.   18      ,  , , ,   .         ,        ,     ,             .  ,            1000   ,      ,      ,    .

     -       ,      ,   :      ,     .                   .             ,      18    .       ,   ,            ,    .                (       ).      ,      ,   ,      ,  ,   .

          ,        ,           .       :      (   ,       ),   ( ,    ,           )     (         ).          18 ,         .     ,         ,    -,  ,     .

    .  ,    ,           8%,                19%.           7%,     12%.  ,    ,    (.2.1).








     ,        ,        ,    .  ,   ,             .  ,            ,      .      ,        , , ,    ,          [44 -        50       2007.           .].

 ,            .        :

     ,   600000   500   ,  ,   ;

  McKinsey Quarterly     6800 -,     ;

,     100  McKinsey,        ;

  900    ;

  30     -,             ;

     ,       .



      .           ,     .  ,         500 ,    , 5000     .




  


                    ,    .      ?

         :  ,      .   ,     ,    .     ,           (.2.2).








      .

1.       ,       ,    ,     .

2. ,         .

3.          ,          .

4.       ,    ,              .

5.         , ,        .

6.       ,         .

7.    ,         .

8.       , ,     .

9.                        .



          . ,   ,       ,                .        ?   ,      (  )    ,      , ,   ,        .   2.1    37    ,          .




  ?


         37             ,            .

  ,            ,  ,         .  ,    (     )     ,       .  ,            , :    ,    ,       .       ,       ,      ,     ,   ,   ,       .        ,     ,      ,    .

              .               .     ,   : ,      ,     ,   ,    ..     ,      ,     ,   .



 2.1.     


















 2.2.   









          ,   30%     ,    70%   .

        ,             .                  .  ,                        .  ,      ,            .

        .    ( )      (   0,85)             ( 2.2).          , ,   .



 2.3.       






                ,       Datastream.      22  (     2.3).

                 ,           :       ,          ,     .  ,             ,         , , ,        ,         .

        .  ,        ,                , -   ,           ,      .       ,                  ,     .       ,              ,     .    -        , ,     ,      .








,       ,      ,              .   ,              ,      .     ,       .          ,         ,   ,  ,    .   !




,         


       ,           .

1.   .              ,   EBITDA  1,9         ,   ,     .   ,   83   ,         ( ,            ),   (0,59)    (0,37)[45 - Bart C.K. and M.C. Baetz. 1998. The Relationship between Mission Statement and Firm Performance: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Management Studies 35, no. 6.].    ,        1000  ,  ,          [46 - Collins J.C. and J.I. Porras. 2005. Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies. New York: Random House.].

2..  2005. , , ,   -    (p = 0,40)   ,      ,     ,    [47 - Schneider B., M.G. Ehrhart, D.M. Mayer, J. Saltz, and K. Niles-Jolly. 2005. Understanding Organization  Customer Links in Service Settings. Academy of Management Journal 48, no. 6: 10171032.].   McKinsey    : ,        ,  59%-    EBITDA  .   1972.   Β   :        20    ,    ,    ,      ( 14  68,7%         )[48 - Lieberson S. and J.F. OConner. 1972. Leadership and Organizational Performance: A Study of Large Corporations. American Sociological Review 37, no. 2: 11730.].    ,    1988., ,           62,8  71,5% [49 - Thomas A.B. 1988. Does Leadership Make a Difference to Organizational Performance? Administrative Science Quarterly 33, no. 3: p. 388400.].

3.    .  ,       , ,              1,8     EBITDA  .      1992.,    207   ,  22 ,      11 ,    [50 - Kotter J.P. and J.L. Heskett. 1992. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: Free Press.].            :    21%,     23%,      22%,             9,5  0% .    1992.       (0,78, p < 0,01)              [51 - Gordon G.G. and N. DiTomaso. 1992. Predicting Corporate Performance from Organizational Culture. Journal of Management Studies 29, no. 6: p. 783798.].

4.  .   ,    EBITDA          ( )  65%,   1,9      ,       .   2003. ,     ,  ,      ,  ,    ,           [52 - Wagner H., C.P. Parker, and N.D. Christiansen. 2003. Employees that Think and Act Like Owners: Effects of Ownership Beliefs and Behaviors on Organizational Effectiveness. Personnel Psychology, no. 56: p. 847871.].             (0,79, p < 0,01)     (0,35, p < 0,01).  2009. , ,    ,           ,  ,         (0,57, p < 0,01)[53 - Avey J.B., B.J. Avolio, C.D. Crossley, and F. Luthans. 2009. Psychological Ownership: Theoretical Extensions, Measurement, and Relation to Work Outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior 30: p. 173191.].          , ,    (0,36, p < 0,01).

5.  .      ,        :         73%-   EBITDA  .   ,        (,  , ,    )     .      2004. ,  ,    ,      ,     ,      ,    ,     ,     ,      18    [54 - Davis S. and T. Albright. 2004. An Investigation of the Effect of Balanced Scorecard Implementation on Financial Performance. Management Accounting Research no. 15: p. 135153.].    2002.     ,     ( ,       )             .        (0,26)          (0,46)[55 - Gittell J. 2002. Coordinating Mechanisms in Care Provider Groups: Relational Coordination as a Mediator and Input Uncertainty as a Moderator of Performance Effects. Management Science 48, no. 11: p. 14081426.].

6.  .  ,             EBITDA  ,  67%.   ,           .     1997. ,  36%             ,         (27%        46%   )[56 - McGahan A.M. and M.E. Porter. 1997. How Much Does Industry Matter, Really? Strategic Management Journal 8, no. 4: p. 1530.].      2005.  McKinsey  ,  ,  35%         [57 - Stuckey J. 2005. Perspectives on Strategy. McKinsey Staff Paper.       McKinsey & Company.].         (0,20, p < 0,01)    (..  ,    ,    )        [58 - Takeuchi R. 2005. Intellectual Human and Social Capital as Mediators of HR System and Outcomes: Different Mediating Mechanisms. ,       . 2005, .].

7. .  ,           EBITDA  ,  73%:  1,8  ,      .  ,    ,     ,     EBITDA  42%.  ,         .   2005.  Gallup      :  ,         350 .    ,               [59 - Krueger J. and E. Killham. 2005. Feeling Good Matters. Gallup Management Journal (December, 8).].  2006. ,       (0,56, p < 0,01)         ,   21    [60 - Harrison D.A., D.A. Newman, and P.L. Roth. 2006. How Important Are Job Attitudes? Meta-Analytic Comparisons of Integrative Behavioral Outcomes Time Sequences. Academy of Management Journal 49, no. 2: p. 305325.].

8.  .   ,  ,         ,  EBITDA  59%-    ,       ,      .  ,              ,     .   2001.    137          12   ,   ,    , ,              (0,30, p < 0,001)[61 - Harrison-Walker L.J. 2001. The Measurement of Word-of-Mouth Communication and an Investigation of Service Quality and Customer Commitment as Potential Antecedents. Journal of Service Research 4, no. 1: p. 6075.].  2004.   58 ,   23     (   ,   ), ,           (0,35, p < 0,05),                 [62 - Cano C., F. Carrillat, and F. Jaramillo. 2004. A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Market Orientation and Business Performance: Evidence from Five Continents. International Journal of Research in Marketing no. 21: p. 179200.].

9.   .      ,  ,       ,    EBITDA  ,  66%.    ,           , ..           .  1994.    ,           (0,31, p < 0,001),   (0,29, p < 0,01)    (0,27, p < 0,01)[63 - Zahra S. and J. Covin. 1994. The Financial Implications of Fit between Competitive Strategy and Innovation Types and Sources. Journal of High Technology Management Research no. 5: p. 183211.].  2007.   249 -     ,    ,    (0,2, p < 0,01)     ,        [64 - Paladino A. 2007. Investigating the Drivers of Innovation and New Product Success: A Comparison of Strategic Orientations. Journal of Product Innovation Management no. 24: p. 534553.].



       (      ),        ,           .




    


       ,          ,      .



  .  ,    ,   ,  -   ,    ,            .

,                  :         .   : 1    ; 2   ; 3   ; 4  ; 5   .

     5      9   .          .    :      (   1  5)      (..  ,     ).  ,    ,      .               .



 .  ,   ,     ,    , , ,      .    ,       .

,                :      ,       .   ,        .   : 1  ; 2  ; 3  ; 4  ; 5  .

        37  .       ,         .

  37       2.1.




,         


,       ,     .       ,     ,       .         ,     ;  ,      ,     .

     :            ,     .    ,     ,           .

,    ,      (..    )        ,   .               .         ,    ,         .

     ,  ,    , EBITDA,  ,  ,  ,     ,    Bloomberg  Compustat.       (,     EBITDA  )    (,  ).

     ,              .      100                   .                ,   ,    ,   .      (          ).              .               .    ,      .



       :   ,   ,  ,   ,    ,  .      ,             , ,  ,       ,   ,         .

    ,       (,  ),     : ,    ,           ,    ,    .   ,              .




 II

 





 3



   ?



 2006.     Grupo Nacional Provincial (GNP)       .   1901.,       ,      .  1969.       ,   1972. GNP           Grup Bal.    ,   ,         - ,    .

   XXI.        ,    .             :   ,  ,    ,    ,       .            ,      GNP.

            ,    Group Bal   . GNP    :        .  ,      ,      ,      .          GNP           .

       .       ,         .    ,      ,   ,      .           ,      .             .              ,   ,           ,   .

  ,        .     ,      300 , GNP      .  ,     ,        18 ,              36 ,                 (,  ,         ).  ,  GNP                .

      , GNP  2007.    .             ,         ,    ,    ,        .     ,  GNP           .

            GNP.     ,                   ;          ;               ;                .                    ,                .

 2010.         .                10%.     (,     ,          ), ,         . GNP         10%.

         .  ,        GNP,   33  86%,   ,          ,   46  72%,                 73%.           .

     GNP   .  ,         ,              .   :   -2012   :  ,      .          ,       .      ,      ,         .                     GNP  .            ,        .    ,     ,      , ,  ,    [65 -   .].

    GNP    ,        ,   ,    ,     .     :               .         3000   ,  McKinsey,              ,     ?   (46%)            16 [66 - McKinsey Quarterly survey. 2008. Creating Organizational Transformations (July).].

       ,     ,  ,     ( , ,    ).          ,        ,           .




:  



   ,     ,         ( ).          : ,      ,       ,    .        ,            :    ,       ,   .




   


    ,          .     GE     ,  ,       .              1940- .    1950- .  Sony               .

     2010. ,         Tesco,    ,      :      ,    ,     Tesco    .                    ,         .  14                     7  ,    . Tesco     ,   .  :      14 ,       [67 - Tesco Chief Sir Terry Leahy to Retire. BBC News. 2010 (June, 8),   www.bbc.co.uk/news/10262193 (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10262193); Leroux M. 2010. Sir Terry Leahy Checks Out at Tesco After 14 Years. The Times (June, 9).].

 , ,           .         IBM       : ,     IBM,     [68 -    -   1993.].    ,         ,    ,             .  ,   Procter & Gamble  ,   ,           : ,   ,    ,       [69 - Gupta R. and J. Wendler. 2005. Leading change: An Interview with the CEO of P&G. McKinsey Quarterly (July).].

 ,      : -   , -      ,    ,     ,  -   .    -  ?      ,                 . ?   : ,      - ,  ,      ,     .       ,     ,       ,   ,           .

        Tata Motors,    .  10      Tata Motors      .            ,     ,                     .   Tata Motors  ,  ,     5  (110 .)    ,   2001.

                 ,   .    .                   .            ,        .     ,      ,   .           ,        ,     .

     :     ,     ,             .      .      ,         .      ,       ,    -     ,           ,             .             ,             [70 - Kumra G. 2007. Leading Change: An Interview with the Managing Director of Tata Motors. McKinsey Quarterly (January).].

       .    8  (176 .)    , Tata Motors      ,      ( ,    ).    ,       ,             ,      ,  .  2010.               [71 -   ,  Brand Finance  Economic Times.].

   Tata Motors        ,    , ,        ,      ,   ,  ,         .  2010.                    ,      24000 .

  ,   Tata Motors    ,             ?  ,   ,            .     -                 .

  ,    ,    Tata Motors    ,     ?          ,             :             (      ,     ).

    ,        ,       .

       GE  1982.         .               , ,    ,  ,    . ,    ,    ?            .       ,    ,    :      125 ,   ,     GE.              , , ,  ,     [72 - Jack Welch Reinvents General Electric, Again. 1991. The Economist (March, 30).    GE   : Tichy N.M., and S. Sherman. 2005. Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will. New York: Harper Collins (and www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/General-Electric-Company-Company-History.html (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/General-Electric-Company-Company-History.html)).].

          GE     .        ,        : GE   Radio Corporation of America (RCA),       NBC,  6,4 .        Employers Reinsurance Corporation  Texaco  1,1 .  1988. 80%   GE         ,            50%.

          ,    ,        ,   10000   .  ,   GE     Workout      .    ,   30100         .           ,           ,  .     200000  GE  85%         .

    ?  1993.     GE        ,    .          GE  ,            60 .

 IBM              ,        .   1993.         ,               .     ,  Tata, GE,            .

         IBM   ,       ,          .  ,                   ,    .                             .

                 -   .                . IBM              ,         - -.

      .   IBM    ,      (7,7 .    3 . ).

  ,            .               .     ,   ,             ,          .     ,    , ,  ,   ,       ,            .

   ,        ,    ,   .          ,      ,            ,     , ,  ,     .             ,         .           ,          .




  :   ?


       ,     .       Digital Equipment Corporation  ,           1977.   ,     ,   -       .                    Compaq.  ,   ?

              ? ,        .   ,   ,          ,  2,4         ,     [73 - What Successful Transformations Share. 2010. McKinsey Quarterly survey (January).].

    ,      .      ,         ?     ?      ?           ?    ,          ?           ?

            ,          .    Enron       .       ,   ,    .

          ,     2001.            ,     .  ,             ,     ,         ,   ,         .

       .     ,           .          ,       ,     ,   ,   .  ,    :   ,    ,        ,    ,        .              ,   ?  ,    .

            ,       ,       .      ,       Dreyers Grand Ice Cream,  ,           -   ,   [74 -      McKinsey   ,  2010.].

     ,            .        ,    , ,   ,        .    ,    (Megatrends)[14 -  . . M.: , 2003.]  (    )   (Re-inventing the Corporation),            .

  ,       ,   Woodside Petroleum    ,   Royal Dutch Shell.     ,    ,       250 .     .        . ?   ,             , ,     .              ,      .

             (    ,    ),    ,    ,         .       ,    ,          -  ,    .  ,   -    ,       .

  ,     ,        ,           .   :    ,  ,  -   .      .   :    ,      ,   ,   ,    -  . , ,           ,      - .    ,    ,         [75 -   .].

     ,  Shell,       34%  Woodside Petroleum,            .          ,           ,   .  ,    Shell   ,       .

  ,   ,   - Net-a-porter,    .   2000.,     ,     ,   ,  -    .         ,         .  ,          Net-a-Porter,   [76 - Croft C., N. Massenet. 2009. The Woman behind Net-a-Porter. Sunday Times (March, 8).].   Glamour   :          .      :  ,  Net-a-Porter    ,  ,  10 ,    [77 - Wiseman E. 2010. One-Click Wonder: The rise of Net-a-Porter. Observer (July, 11).].

     ,      :    - ,  - ,        ,    [78 - Dugdale A. 2010. Crib Sheet: Natalie Massenet, Founder of Net-a-Porter. Fast Company (April, 2).].   ,     ,         .       :   2010.  Net-a-Porter    Richemont,     ,  350   (533 .)[79 - Walsh K. 2010. Net-a-Porter Delivers a Dozen Millionaires. Sunday Times (April, 4).].   ,      800000   (1,4 .).

,     .    ,       ,        .   ,      .  ,           .

   ,        ,         ,    .                ,      :   ,      .          [80 - Debate between Daniel Kahneman and Gary Klein. 2010. Strategic Decisions: When Can You Trust Your Gut? McKinsey Quarterly (March).].

         .          .




 ,   


 McKinsey   2010. ,    2500   , ,   ,      , ,      ,  1,2        ,      ,   1,6        ,   [81 - What Successful Transformations Share. 2010. McKinsey Quarterly survey (January).].

  ,      ,          .                 ,     .  ,       ,       - .   , ,        ,     ,  ,       .

   , , ,        ,          ,        ,       .   ,       ,      50%,                 .   ?  ,  .

,            .   1990- .   Sears,   ,    ,    ,  .       147 . .            ,     ,     ,     .

 Ford     .  1969.           2000 ,        2000 .              .   ,       .     Ford Pinto    .        ,          ,    53     ,      ,    [82 - Goals Gone Wild: How Goal Setting Can Lead to Disaster. 2009. Knowledge@Wharton (February, 18).].




  .


   .

   ,     (http://www.litres.ru/kolin-prays/skott-keller/bolshe-chem-effektivnost-kak-samye-uspeshnye-kompanii-sohranyaut-liderstvo-na-rynke/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes









1


 ., -. .   :     . .:  , 2011.




2


 .,  .  :  ,  . .: ,   , 1994.




3


 .   :      ,     . .:   , 2007.




4


 .,  .   :    . .: -, 2002.




5


 ., -. .   .     . .:  , 2014.




6


 .,  .  .  ,  . .: ,   , 2013.




7


 .  . .: -, 2007.




8


 .  :   ,       . .:  , 2011.




9


 -,     .




10


     5As,        ,    a: aspire, assess, architect, act, advance.




11


 .   ,    ? .: , 2002.




12


 .,  .,  . ! !        . .: , 2003.




13


    3D (three  dimensional, ),           d: diagnose, design, deliver.




14


 . . M.: , 2003.










1


  .




2


  .




3


John Tiefel J. 2009. Chaos By Design: An Interview with the CEO of Zain. In Voices on Transformation 3. McKinsey & Company.




4


                     Creative Destruction: Why Companies that Are Built to Last Underperform the Market  And How to Successfully Transform Them. 2001. New York: Doubleday/Currency.




5


  .




6


Oliveira F. 2009. Transforming a High-Performing Company: An Interview with Roberto Setubal. McKinsey Quarterly (April).




7


      :     //       l4599-RR. 2010, .




8


     ,    .




9


Stern S. 2010. Share the Power. Managing Employees through the Recovery. Financial Times (March, 22). Special Report.




10


Bouvard F., T. Dohrmann, and N. Lovegrove. 2009. The Case for Government Reform Now. McKinsey Quarterly (June).




11


Based on analysis in Stuart Cranier S. and D. Dearlove. 2002. Excellence Revisited. Business Strategy Review (March 2002, updated to 2006).




12


Foust D. 2004. Gone Flat. Business Week (December 20).




13


Fox A. 2007. Refreshing a Beverage Companys Culture. HR Magazine (November 1).




14


Fox A. 2007. Refreshing a Beverage Companys Culture. HR Magazine (November 1).




15


       :      (Kumra G. and J. Wendler. 2005 The Creative Art of Influence: Making Change Personal. Voices of Transformation 1, McKinsey & Company).




16


    ,  (What Successful Transformations Share. McKinsey Quarterly survey, January 2010).




17


Bossidy L. Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done. 2002. New York: Crown Business.




18


  .




19


Taylor W.C. 2011. Practically Radical. New York: William Morrow.




20


Cowan M. 2009. Pixar Co-Founder Mulls Meaning of Success. USC News Bulletin, University of Southern California (December 10).




21


Nevius C.W. 2005. Pixar Tells Story Behind Toy Story. San Francisco Chronicle (August 23).




22


Catmull E. 2008. How Pixar Fosters Collective Creativity. Harvard Business Review (September).




23


Simon B. and T. Demos. 2010. GM Listing Marks Successful Turnround. Financial Times (November 18).




24


Simon B. and T. Demos. 2010. GM Listing Marks Successful Turnround. Financial Times (November 18).




25


www.financialstability.gov/docs/AIFP/Chrysler-Viability-Assessment.pdf (http://www.financialstability.gov/docs/AIFP/Chrysler-Viability-Assessment.pdf)




26


Brooks D. 2009. The Quagmire Ahead. New York Times (June, 1).




27


Zellner W. and S. Anderson Forest. 2001. The Fall of Enron. Business Week (December, 17).




28


Vicky Ward V. 2010. The Devils Casino. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.




29


    :       (Gulf of Mexico Oil Leak Worst US Environment Disaster. 2010. BBC News (May, 30). www.bbc.co.uk/news/10194335 (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10194335)).




30


Crooks E., S. Pfiefer, and S. McNulty. 2010. Energy: A Sea Change Needed. Financial Times (October, 6).




31


Boseley S. 2010. Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust Left Patients Humiliated and in Pain. Guardian (February, 24).




32


        ,    ,         .                .




33


 ,   .           (Murphy K., Director of the Patients Association. 2009. Outrage Greets Mid Staffordshire Hospital Report. Guardian (March, 17).




34


             2005   2009.  I.  . . 2010. 24 . (Independent Inquiry into Care Provided by Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust January 2005  March 2009, vol. I, Stationery Office, London, February 24, 2010.)




35


McKinsey Quarterly survey. 2010. What Successful Transformations Share. January, 2010.




36


Davis I. 2005. How to Escape the Short-Term Trap. McKinsey Quarterly (April).




37


McKinsey Quarterly survey. 2010. What Successful Transformations Share. January, 2010.




38


   : Beer M. and N. Nohria, editors. 2000. Breaking the Code of Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press; Cameron K.S. and R.E. Quinn. 1999. Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Caldwell B. 1994. Missteps, Miscues: Business Re-Engineering Failures Have Cost Corporations Billions and Spending Is Still on the Rise. Information Week (June, 20); State of Re-Engineering Report (North America and Europe). 1994. CSC Index; Goss T., R. Tanner Pascale, and A.G. Athos. 1993. The Reinvention Roller Coaster: Risking the Present for a Powerful Future. Harvard Business Review (November 1); Kotter J.P. and J.L. Heskett. 1992. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: Free Press.




39


Sherman S. 1995. How Tomorrows Leaders Are Learning Their Stuff. Fortune (November, 27).




40


Lavelle L. 2005. Eight Isnt Enough. Business Week (February, 28).




41


 ,  ,         ,      3 .




42


    ,  35%     , 29%   , 26%   ,      ,     .     , 39%   ,       .




43


   : Organizing for Successful Change Management: A McKinsey Global Survey (July, 2006); Creating Organizational Transformations: McKinsey Global Survey Results (August, 2008); What Successful Transformations Share: McKinsey Global Survey Results (March, 2010),   www.mckinseyquarterly.com (http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/)




44


       50       2007.           .




45


Bart C.K. and M.C. Baetz. 1998. The Relationship between Mission Statement and Firm Performance: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Management Studies 35, no. 6.




46


Collins J.C. and J.I. Porras. 2005. Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies. New York: Random House.




47


Schneider B., M.G. Ehrhart, D.M. Mayer, J. Saltz, and K. Niles-Jolly. 2005. Understanding Organization  Customer Links in Service Settings. Academy of Management Journal 48, no. 6: 10171032.




48


Lieberson S. and J.F. OConner. 1972. Leadership and Organizational Performance: A Study of Large Corporations. American Sociological Review 37, no. 2: 11730.




49


Thomas A.B. 1988. Does Leadership Make a Difference to Organizational Performance? Administrative Science Quarterly 33, no. 3: p. 388400.




50


Kotter J.P. and J.L. Heskett. 1992. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: Free Press.




51


Gordon G.G. and N. DiTomaso. 1992. Predicting Corporate Performance from Organizational Culture. Journal of Management Studies 29, no. 6: p. 783798.




52


Wagner H., C.P. Parker, and N.D. Christiansen. 2003. Employees that Think and Act Like Owners: Effects of Ownership Beliefs and Behaviors on Organizational Effectiveness. Personnel Psychology, no. 56: p. 847871.




53


Avey J.B., B.J. Avolio, C.D. Crossley, and F. Luthans. 2009. Psychological Ownership: Theoretical Extensions, Measurement, and Relation to Work Outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior 30: p. 173191.




54


Davis S. and T. Albright. 2004. An Investigation of the Effect of Balanced Scorecard Implementation on Financial Performance. Management Accounting Research no. 15: p. 135153.




55


Gittell J. 2002. Coordinating Mechanisms in Care Provider Groups: Relational Coordination as a Mediator and Input Uncertainty as a Moderator of Performance Effects. Management Science 48, no. 11: p. 14081426.




56


McGahan A.M. and M.E. Porter. 1997. How Much Does Industry Matter, Really? Strategic Management Journal 8, no. 4: p. 1530.




57


Stuckey J. 2005. Perspectives on Strategy. McKinsey Staff Paper.       McKinsey & Company.




58


Takeuchi R. 2005. Intellectual Human and Social Capital as Mediators of HR System and Outcomes: Different Mediating Mechanisms. ,       . 2005, .




59


Krueger J. and E. Killham. 2005. Feeling Good Matters. Gallup Management Journal (December, 8).




60


Harrison D.A., D.A. Newman, and P.L. Roth. 2006. How Important Are Job Attitudes? Meta-Analytic Comparisons of Integrative Behavioral Outcomes Time Sequences. Academy of Management Journal 49, no. 2: p. 305325.




61


Harrison-Walker L.J. 2001. The Measurement of Word-of-Mouth Communication and an Investigation of Service Quality and Customer Commitment as Potential Antecedents. Journal of Service Research 4, no. 1: p. 6075.




62


Cano C., F. Carrillat, and F. Jaramillo. 2004. A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Market Orientation and Business Performance: Evidence from Five Continents. International Journal of Research in Marketing no. 21: p. 179200.




63


Zahra S. and J. Covin. 1994. The Financial Implications of Fit between Competitive Strategy and Innovation Types and Sources. Journal of High Technology Management Research no. 5: p. 183211.




64


Paladino A. 2007. Investigating the Drivers of Innovation and New Product Success: A Comparison of Strategic Orientations. Journal of Product Innovation Management no. 24: p. 534553.




65


  .




66


McKinsey Quarterly survey. 2008. Creating Organizational Transformations (July).




67


Tesco Chief Sir Terry Leahy to Retire. BBC News. 2010 (June, 8),   www.bbc.co.uk/news/10262193 (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10262193); Leroux M. 2010. Sir Terry Leahy Checks Out at Tesco After 14 Years. The Times (June, 9).




68


   -   1993.




69


Gupta R. and J. Wendler. 2005. Leading change: An Interview with the CEO of P&G. McKinsey Quarterly (July).




70


Kumra G. 2007. Leading Change: An Interview with the Managing Director of Tata Motors. McKinsey Quarterly (January).




71


  ,  Brand Finance  Economic Times.




72


Jack Welch Reinvents General Electric, Again. 1991. The Economist (March, 30).    GE   : Tichy N.M., and S. Sherman. 2005. Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will. New York: Harper Collins (and www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/General-Electric-Company-Company-History.html (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/General-Electric-Company-Company-History.html)).




73


What Successful Transformations Share. 2010. McKinsey Quarterly survey (January).




74


     McKinsey   ,  2010.




75


  .




76


Croft C., N. Massenet. 2009. The Woman behind Net-a-Porter. Sunday Times (March, 8).




77


Wiseman E. 2010. One-Click Wonder: The rise of Net-a-Porter. Observer (July, 11).




78


Dugdale A. 2010. Crib Sheet: Natalie Massenet, Founder of Net-a-Porter. Fast Company (April, 2).




79


Walsh K. 2010. Net-a-Porter Delivers a Dozen Millionaires. Sunday Times (April, 4).




80


Debate between Daniel Kahneman and Gary Klein. 2010. Strategic Decisions: When Can You Trust Your Gut? McKinsey Quarterly (March).




81


What Successful Transformations Share. 2010. McKinsey Quarterly survey (January).




82


Goals Gone Wild: How Goal Setting Can Lead to Disaster. 2009. Knowledge@Wharton (February, 18).


