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  (social cohesion)                   [.: Siebold, 1999; Chan, o, Chan, 2006; Drescher, Burlingame, Fuhriman, 2012].                     ,    [Chan, o, Chan, 2006, p.273],  ,   [Bernard, 2000, p.23].  ,        ,   .           ,          ,  ,  ,  , .  ,   ,          [Chan, o, Chan, 2006, p.274].               ,  :      ;      ;    ;    ;    ;      [-, , 2014].

         ,    ,     .              .         ,    .

           ,     [Chan, o, Chan, 2006, p.273].        c         ,  ,  ,    [Chan, o, Chan, 2006; Hulse, Stone, 2007].               . ,           .   ,  ,     ,        ,     ,           .

      ,       ,            -  .   ,           , ,         . ,                    [Vergolini, 2002, p.198].

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          ,   .           . ,  , ,  .         .,   ,            .       ,      . ,   .        [, 1994].

               ,    XIX .     .            :      - [Weber, 1978],           [, 1991],     [Ҹ, 2002].      ,    ,       ,        ,   ,  ,    , ,       .

 ,   ,    ,    , ,  . ,   ,    ,     .           ,   ,               . ,  ,        ,              [. Lockwood, 1999; , 2005].                       [, 1991, c. 156].   .  .,              / .                       ;               [Shelly, Bassin, 1989, p.143144].

               ,    .       ,     ,     . .Ҹ                 .   ,    (Gemeinschaft)    ,    (Gesellschaft) [Ҹ, 2002].             . ,   Ҹ         ,        .  Ҹ,         .         ,   ,         ,         . ,    ,         .

      .      .               [Weber, 1978].  ,       ,  (), -, ..     ,      .      , -,     ,           . ,      .       ,          .  ,      .      ,   ,    .               ,   ,          .

              ,  , ,                ,  .  ,                ,           . ,   .,        ,    ;            . .Ҹ,  ,      ,   .             ,          .


 

            . ,             ,   ,           ,  ,  ,  , ,  .        1930?          [Lewin, 1935; Moreno, 1934; Bales, 1950].

. ,                [Siebold 1999, p.11].      ,          ,   ,       .      ,        .            . ,          [Bruhn, 2009, p.43].                         .  , , ,    ,     ,      .

 ,      ,     ,      ,    .


   

         ., .  ..   ,     ,     [Festinger, Schachter, Back, 1950, p.164],  ,       .       ,                .      ,               [Drescher, Burlingame, Fuhriman, 2012, p.664].  ,            .

      ,        .             .             [Siebold, 1999, p.12].          , ,    ,     ,         ,  ,   [ , p.1213].


    ?

         ,     ,      ,      . ,         ,        [Cattell, 1948; Van Bergen, Koekebakker, 1969; Zander, 1971; Carron, Browley, 2012].    - ; ,      ( )    ,     .

        [Bollen, Hoyle, 2001].            ,         (closeness)    .           .         :        (morale)        [Chan, To, Chan, 2006, p.276].   .,         [Bruhn, 2009, p.41].            ,          .

      .             [Chan, To, Chan, 2006, p.293294].     ,  ,  ,     ;      ,        .

   ., .  . [Rajulton, Ravanera, Beaujot, 2006].         .        ,        .    ,   ,       ,       ,        [ , p.463].

         ,    .      ,   ,      , ,                .    :      ?       ? ,   ,     ,        ?   ,       ,      ,     .       ,    ,   ,          ,   .  ,         ,        .

 ,              [Mudrack, 1989, p.38].   ,          ,            .


      

.            ,   15 .            .  .              [Member diversity and cohesion and performance in walking groups, 2006; Carron, Browley, 2012].

.  .             [Carron, Brawley, 2012, p.727].    ,       ,             .         ,      .       .     ,      [ , p.732].     ? ;  ,         ,       . ,            .     ,        ,     .          ,       ,   .

       ,     ,    ,     [Carron, Brawley, 2012, p.735].    ,     ,          ?    ,   ,             ,  ,   .            .    ,    ,      [Carron, Brawley, 2012, p.730732].          .


  ?

   ,        .    ,       ,                  [ , p.730].            ,  ,  , ,   [ , p.731].    ,           ,         ,           .

  .    ,     ? , , ,   ,      ,     [Budge, 1981]. . ,    , ,          ,     ,  ,        .   ,                 [Bruhn, 2009, p.44].

       . .    ,               [Chan, To, Chan, 2006, p.281].   ,              , .. ,    .       ,  ,          ,    ,      [Chan, To, Chan, 2006, p.290].

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   ,     (,  , ),   ,   /       .              -    .

.       ,   ,   ,         [Putnam, 1993, p.36].   ,      (   ,    )     [Hulse, Stone, 2007, p.111].          .           ,  ,   ,   ,     [Chan, To, Chan, 2006, p.292].  ,   ,           .                . ,                  ,     -    [ ].


  

   ,  ,     [Drescher, Burlingame, Fuhriman, 2012, p.682].                    .      ,    .         ,     . , .  .      ,        [Dickes, Valentova, 2013].        ,   ,   ,     ,     / ,     / .

   .  .     .           -   .            ()    [Dikes, Valentova, 2013, p.829].         , ..   .           :   ,  , ,  .      .    ,            ,               .  ,          (European values survey),      [ , p.842].

         .               [Rajulton, Ravanera, Beaujot, 2006, p.462].      ,            ,           .    ,        ;       , ,       [Rajulton, Ravanera, Beaujot, 2006].


  

 ,     .       ,               , , ,     [Chan, To, Chan, 2006, p.273].     ,    ,                .          .    .    ,       ,        ,           [ , p.298].      ,     .

-,   .         ,    ,       [Chan, To, Chan, 2006, p.280].     ,    ,        ,      , , ,  ,    .           ,      .     ,  ,  ,      ,     [ , p.291].       ,      . ,      ,  : )           / ; )    -      [ , p.280].         .     ,     ,  ,      .          ,       ,  ,       ;      ,       [ ].

-,    .             ,     [Chan, To, Chan, 2006, p.280].  ,       .       ,       .  ,            [Chan, To, Chan, 2006, p.281].

, .    ,                   (cohere)   (cohesion).    ,       ,  ,  ,          ,    ; ,           ,    : 1)    ,  ,     ; 2)         ; 3)   1)  2)    .            (conditions);        , ,   .  ,    .      ,    ,          ,      [ , p.289291].    ,           ,       .                ,     [ , p.289].

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    ,        ,     ,   ,       ,      [ ].

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   : , , [2 -    ,                 :   ,  14-18-03784.]




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