 .            
 

 


  , Airbnb  ,  Hilton,         ,     .    .         ,  : ,  ,   .      ,   .       .





 ,  

 :    젖       



  

  

  . 

  . 

- . 

 . 

  . 



 2018 by Jeremy Heimans and Henry Timms

    , , .   , 2019



  .           () .  ,  ,   ,  ,   ,          .  ,   ,     ,  ,          ,      ,   ,       .

,      ,  ,   ,        () ,        ,    .


* * *







        .        ,     ,          ,  .

            .         ,      .        ,    ,      .

       ,          Ի         ,    2012 .              蠖 ,    ,      ,              ,      ,       .   蠖         .  -       ࠖ       2000    ,         ?           蠖        .   ,   ,   : ,   ,    ,    ,    ?       ?.   ,        ,       .    .

       2017     2000        堖    ,   ,     .           ,   -                  .           ,   #    .

         ,   .  ,       .  ,               ,    ,      .         ,   ,            .

                 .    ,      ,   , -,     .           .           ,   ,   [1 -  leader full movements       ,   Black Lives Matter.],       .

  ⠖ ,                 ,       . ,               仠  ,    .     ,          .                -,         .

      ,           .    12     -,           .       ,     ,        ,        ,              .          ,    ,             ,        .  䠖        ,   ,       ,               .  ,    ,          ,             .             ,           .

      ,         ,      .    .   power,    ,    ,           .         ,       , ,             . ,  ,      :  ,  ,     ,  ,        . ,        !.

        ,    ,        .      ,   , -      .             ,      ,         .

  ,      ,          , , , ,     .      ,           ,        .    ,         ,     .



 ,



  
   Ի




1

     



,     ,         [2 - Bertrand Russell, Power: A New Social Analysis (London: Allen and Unwin, 1938).].

       .         ;     ;     ;   ,   ,   ;  堖           ,       .

,  ,    ,      .    ࠖ  ,    .   ,  .  ,  ,            ,         ,     .

    ,          ,      :        , , .     ,           .          ,       ,  ,        .

 ࠖ  ,       ,          .        .



    .     .  -  ,      .  ,   ,   ,     .    ,     .    ,    .

     .   .     ,            .     .    ,      .    蠖     ,     .


      ,      ,       .


#MeToo   

    ,  ,    ,      .

 ,    1966  2016         젖          (     34)[3 - Ashley Rodriguez, How Powerful Was Harvey Weinstein? Almost No One Has Been Tanked at the Oscars More, Quartz, October 13, 2017.].        [4 - Madeline Berg, After Expulsion from the Academy, Here Are All of Harvey Weinsteins 81 Oscar Wins, Forbes, October 13, 2017.].  II        [5 - British Government Under Pressure to Strip Harvey Weinstein of Honorary CBE, Hollywood Reporter, October 11, 2017.].

      ,  ,     (     ) :      ,          .      ,  ,   ,  ,      (   )    .     ,       ,        [6 - Jim Rutenberg, Harvey Weinsteins Media Enablers, New York Times, October 6, 2017.].  2017-     ,   - -.

     ,        ,      ,   ,    ,        .    ,       (    ),        ,     [7 - Ronan Farrow, Harvey Weinsteins Army of Spies, The New Yorker, November 6, 2017.]. , , -    ,       堖     .  ,      ,     ,   :          .

       ,     ,     ,             ,         .

     ,        ,    ,      #MeToo (#,    #. . .),      Twitter         .      .               (     ),      ,    -  ,   - ,     .   CNN, ,     ,      [8 - Emanuella Grinberg and Janet DiGiacomo, Amid Harassment Allegations, a Sisterhood Forms to Take Down James Toback, CNN, October 30, 2017.].

         .             ࠖ    #MeToo.             .      ,        #MeToo  #JamesToback.    ,        .     Twitter         ,   [9 -  .].        Los Angeles Times.                   [10 - Doha Madani, Over 300 Women Chime In After L. A. Times Details Directors Sex Abuse Reputation, Huffington Post, October 27, 2017.].

        .     #MeToo        48 .      Facebook  12 ,    ,    [11 - More Than 12M Me Too Facebook Posts, Comments, Reactions in 24 Hours, CBS News, October 17, 2017.].

 #MeToo      .         .      #BalanceTonPorc (#)[12 - Eleanor Beardsley, Instead of #MeToo, French Women Say Out Your Pig, NPR, November 3, 2017; Sasha Lakach, #MeToo Has Gone Global, Mashable, October 20, 2017.]    ,       .         #QuellaVoltaChe (#).       . ,     , ,     젖   -.        [13 - Joshua Lowe, #MeToo Sexual Assault and Harrassment Scandal in British Parliament Causes Minister to Resign, Newsweek, November 1, 2017.].     [14 - Milan Schreuer, A #MeToo Moment for the European Parliament, New York Times, October 25, 2017.].       ,       ,     .      .         .               [15 - #MeToo: Sexual predators List Divides Indian Feminists, DW, November 8, 2017.].  -    China Daily,   ,        堖 ,     [16 - Nicholas Moore, #MeToo: Fighting Workplace Harassment in China, CGTN, October 30, 2017.].

    ,  ,  ,   ,    .  ,  #MeToo   ,     ,    ,   ,   ,     ,     [17 - Justin Carissimo, Creator of Original Me Too Campaign Speaks Out, CBS News, October 17, 2017.].         -   .       .     堖   ,    ,   ,       #MeToo[18 - Heather Schwedel, The Jewelry Designer Whos Already Selling #MeToo Necklaces Explains Herself, Slate, October 20, 2017.].

 堖   ,   #MeToo  .   ,   ,       ,    ,  ,  ,     .        .            .


  

       :      ?   .  ,   ?    ,           ,     .

      .

 ,     -.  ,       -  . (          .)

      - PatientsLikeMe (,  )[19 - PatientsLikeMe, July 2017. www.patientslikeme.com (http://www.patientslikeme.com/).]     ,    2700  .          .       .        ,       ,  -     .         : ,  ,    ,         ࠖ    ,       .

 -,    ,   PatientsLikeMe  [20 -  -    , 28  2017 .    堖    ,   : Tampa General Hospital Health News. www.tgh.org (http://www.tgh.org/).].     .         .  ,         ,  ,   ,        ,     ,   ,         .

 ,      -,   ,      :    ,          .

         ,          , ,     -  ,   ,     -  .        .  ,     堖    .  ,  83%  ,    ,     ,       -     .

  (,   )      .   ,     - ࠖ      ,    .   ,     ,    .  : ,       .

  .        ,            .      PatientsLikeMe,       .

      ,    .     ,       ,    .   ,         . ,   ,                   .        .      ,          .      ,   ,      .   , 蠖  .    .           .


  

    ,    .           .   ,    ,       [21 - Atika Shubert and Bharati Naik, CNN Exclusive: From Glasgow Girl to Bedroom Radical and ISIS Bride, CNN, September 5, 2014.].

      ,             .    ,       .         .

     .  ,    [22 -  ,    .   ,    , . .]:     ,   -      .    ,     .     :      ,     . :           - ,       (     , ).    ,      頖   ,      ..[23 - Lauren Crooks,  Bring good quality bras: Scots Jihadi Bride Writes Suitcase Checklist for Schoolgirls Wanting to Join Islamic State Fanatics, Daily Record, August 1, 2015.].            -    ,    Twitter    [24 - Katrin Bennhold, Jihad and Girl Power: How ISIS Lured 3 London Girls, New York Times, August 27, 2015.].

     ,  ,            .         ,    ,        F-16,     [25 - Luiz Martinez, US Drops Anti-ISIS Leaflets over Syria, ABC News, March 26, 2015.]. (         䠖    .) ,               ໠       Twitter (    ),   :     ![26 - Rita Katz, The State Departments Twitter War with ISIS Is Embarrassing, Time, September 16, 2014.] ,       ,          .

        .        ,   ,         .      ࠖ  ,  .     .  ,   ,    ,     ,      .     ,         .    頖   頖   .




  


    #MeToo,      ?      ,          .

     - .       ,    ,      ,  , ,  .          ,    .

              -   .                ,   ,   .         ,          .  젖   .

       Reddit (  ,       )   ,    1990-, ࠖ         [27 - 90s Kids, Whats Something You Did When You Were in School That Youths of Today Wouldnt Understand? Reddit, June 15, 2015. www.reddit.com (http://www.reddit.com/).].  ,      ,    .   ,   1990-   ,   -  . ,       ,        ,     ,      .             ,      ,  .      ,      ,        ,        ,   ,     ,    .     ,         ,     .   ,   , ,   , ,             -  ,      .   ,        .     ,  :  ,        .

,         .         ( ) ,      .        堖     .

       ,     ,      ,     ,    -  Airbnb  Uber,   Facebook   WeChat,    Black Lives Matter (  ),     IT-  GitHub     .     ,   ,   .

       .      :    蠖   .        ,   ( )    ,        ,   ,       .    ,      .        頖    (  ,  )  .      젖   :    ,    (  YouTube)   (  Etsy[28 -   ,     , ,          . .  4.]),     (,   -,    ).

          ,          Minecraft.

     : 1990-         Gameboy.     .  ,     ,     ,         .      ,              .            ,          .

     Minecraft:  ,          [29 - Matt Peckham, Minecraft Is Now the Second Best-Selling Game of All Time, Time, June 2, 2016.].   ,   ,       -.     -.        :    ,         ,   .       .   Minecraft   , ,  Walmart; , , , , ,   ;  ,  ;  , ,   .          .     ,   :      , 頖    .   (  )      .      Minecraft    .      ࠖ    ,     ,  ,     .




  


      .      ,    ,            ,    .

       .

  ,        Harvard Business Review,     ,    ,      (       ),     .            ,     .   ,   Lego   ,   .  ,  TED   -            .  ,         ,     .

       :  ,   ,         ,    ;             ;      ,       (     ).

   : ,        ,      ,      ,   ,     ,    ,        ,  .

   ,    ,          Facebook     Snapchat  .            .         -   ,  -           .  ࠖ          .         ,        .   ,     ,      ?      ,      (, ,  )             ?   ,     頖  ,         ,   ?       ?    ?        ,  ?

         ,            (  ,     )     .


      

   ,         .      :     ,    ,    ,    .    ,         ,    ,          .   ,    ,    .

,       ,     ,    .     ,        (, , ),      .  Facebook:          .          2  Facebook         .          .        , ,   ,           .        ,             ,      .      ,                         .

     .  ,        .             ,    , ,  - ,       .   ,     ,   .      蠖          .     .      [30 - Taylor Wafford, Donald Trump Retweets Racist Propaganda, Newsweek, November 23, 2015.].        ,       [31 - Alan Rappeport, Donald Trump Says He May Pay Legal Fees of Accused Attacker from Rally, New York Times, March 13, 2016.].     ⠖  ,     ,    ,        .     젖 ,       .

      , -         . ,   ,    ,   :    ,            堖       .    ,     ,             ,        .  ,    ,      ,  ,           .  ,     ,     ,    , ,        .

   蠖               .   #GivingTuesday (#), -   ,                 [32 - #GivingTuesday, July 2017. www.givingtuesday.org (http://www.givingtuesday.org/).].               ,      [33 - Purpose, July 2017. www.purpose.com (http://www.purpose.com/).].          Purpose (), -    -,            .       ,     .        ,  .         -      ,       堖       .

        .




2

          





       ?


    ࠖ  ,        .           ,   .

  2010        :         .  ,      .        :  -      .   ,   [34 - Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries at NASA: From Problem Solvers to Solution Seekers, Administrative Science Quarterly, 2017. https: doi.org/10.1177/0001839217747876.].

         .   ,         .      ,         ,   ,   頖       .        ,       -,  - [35 -  .].       ,             .

          ()  ,         .       ,             .       3000  80         ,      [36 -  .].

     .    (  )      ,           - .  ,          :     ,    [37 -  .].

           .        :          .  ()    ,          5   . ,       ,       .    ,      (     ),            50%- .

   ,     -,      ,             ,  ,       ⠖  75%- [38 -  .].

        ,         .     -.

         -  ,       .        .    -  :    蠖  -      ,     ,    [39 -  .].

  ,     ,    -  . -   :   ,       ,      ,  .             [40 -  -    , 24  2016 .].         ,  :     .

  ?               ?        ,   ,    ,      .    ,    ,      .

          ,   ,  .  ,       .      . -    ,   ,  ,           [41 - Lifshitz-Assaf, Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries.].   ,       .    ,             .       ,    ,        [42 -  .].

         .      ,      .     ,        ,     .            [43 -  .]  ,    .      [44 - Space Apps Challenge, July 2017. wwww.2017.spaceappschallenge.org (http://www.2017.spaceappschallenge.org/).] ,      .    ,   2017-   25 000   69  (  187  ):               .               -.         ,           ,          :  ,         .

     -    ,    ,       .     , ,   .   ,          ,            ,   [45 -   㠖  ,  !.]. ,       .    .    .     - .

            .

      (  ).     ,        ,             .      ,      ,         ,    :      ,   ,   ,    - .      ,       ,  - ![46 - Lifshitz-Assaf, Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries.].

         .          ,   :    ,     .            ,                     ?          :          .                   -     .        ,   .   ,  ,     .

 : - , ,        ,   (   )    ,     ,   ,  [47 -  -    , 24  2016 .].        ,      ,       , ,            . ,    :       ,     [48 -  .].

 ,  ,         .       ,    :  , ,         젖 ,  -      -   .

     .       ,   ,      ,         .  ,      ,     ,              .      ,    ,     .      ,     ,         .  ,    ,     YouTube.            :    [49 - Lifshitz-Assaf, Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries.].




    


         .        ,      .








      .      ,        .    ,        蠖 ,      .   .  .   .   .  ,       .      - ,       .            ,          .        ,     .  (      ,      )  堖    ,    .

,     YouTube        ,     ,    ,        . ,        TaskRabbit, Lyft   - ,    ,      ⠖      .  ,   -           ,      ,        . ,  -          ,       , ,               .         ,            .

          .   ,    蠖   ,    蠖   .   ,           .  ,   ,    ,     -      ,         ,     ,     Reddit.           ,     ,       .         頖   ,        ,     ,    .       .


   

 ,   :           , ,     .     ,    ,  堖 . ,       ,      ,    .   .    [50 - Peg Tyre, Beyond School Supplies: How DonorsChoose Is Crowdsourcing Real Education Reform, Fast Company, February 10, 2014.].

   ,  - DonorsChoose ( ),                ,      (      頖     ).               400 ,   18   ,     [51 - DonorsChoose.org, July 2017. www.donorschoose.org (http://www.donorschoose.org/).]. DonorsChoose         .           :     ,         .

        .    DonorsChoose    Fast Company        .       ,        :    ,  ,     ,  ,       ,  , ,       ,  .  ,     ,      [52 - Tyre, Beyond School Supplies.].

    ,   [53 -     .] :   ,   ,     .   ,  ,     ,    ,        .          ,        .   ,      .            ,          . (,                 :   .)

      (    )    ,      .     ,  ,       .      ,                     .    ,   :          ,          .

               ,     ,            [54 - Kevin Roose, Silicon Valleys Secessionist Movement Is Growing, New York Magazine, October 21, 2013.].   ,      , -    Yelp for Drugs   ,            [55 - Peter Kafka, Balaji Srinivasan, Who May Run the FDA for Trump, Hates the FDA, Recode, January 14, 2017.]:  ,    ,        .


  ?

  (   )       (   ),  ,      ,     ,   ,     -   .    (  Airbnb)       .     ,  , ,                .   ,        Twitter,   ,     ,   ,   ,          .               ,   .          ,      :         堖          .      General Electric           廠   .

        ,   ,    蠖    .            ,     ,      .                    .         Uber (         ).     Uber       ,    蠖    ,       (   ,    ).        ,      .    ,      (       )[56 - Alyson Shontell, A Leaked Internal Uber Presentation Shows What the Company Really Values in Its Employees, Business Insider, November 19, 2014.].

 :  ,      ,          ,   ,       .     ,      Applied Psychology, ,             ,        [57 - Geoffrey James,  Collaboration Creates Mediocrity, Not Excellence, According to Science, Inc., April 14, 2017.].


   ?

            ,     .          ,  ,    :    ,  ࠖ    .  ,     ,        . , ,         ,   ,  ,  .      ,   [58 - HRC Paid Speeches, WikiLeaks, January 25, 2016.]

            .  ,          ,    ,         ,     ,      (,      ).      ,      ,           . (, ,   :       ,            .)

          ,  젖   젖       .       ,   ;  ,   , ,       ,    .        ,       .        .

            ,              (,  WikiLeaks     ).     ,  ,         ,     ,          .

 ,          ,           蠖       .    (    Occupy Wall Street ( -)   ),     ,     .     ࠖ   ,        2018 .     ,     ,    :    ,               ,        .      SMS  ,        .       .                               [59 - Noah Dyer for Governor, Scandal and Controversy, July 2017. www.noahdyer.com (http://www.noahdyer.com/).].  -       [60 -    (. 1942), -    ( 1985.),    .].


  ?

         ,    - . -      -           . ߠ  ,    [61 - The Maker, Vimeo video, posted by Patrick Kehoe, 4:43, January 18, 2016. www.vimeo.com (http://www.vimeo.com/).].

     2016      ,     ,     ,   ,     -----.         .

           (    ,  Meetup:   ,     ,        ).  ,            ,        ,   ,  GynePunks ( ) ,           3D-  [62 - Doug Bierend, Meet the GynePunks Pushing the Boundaries of DIY Gynecology, Vice, August 21, 2015; Wattpad, July 2017. www.wattpad.com (http://www.wattpad.com/).];         ⠖    Wattpad.               .

             .    ,  , ,          ,        , ,     .     -   ,        ,      -   .        Yelp   ,    ࠖ .       ( ,     Edelman Berland)      ,  :             [63 - Edelman, 2017 Edelman Trust Barometer Annual Global Study, 2017. www.edelman.com (http://www.edelman.com/).].

             .   ,     ,     ,           ,   ⻠ .           .  ,      ,   ,    ,       ,      ,  ,        [64 - Michael Gove, Britons Have Had Enough of Experts, Sky News, June 21, 2016.].       ,       ,    :     .   ,   ,      :        .    ,      ,  ,      [65 - Chris York, Professor Brian Cox Says Michael Goves Anti-Expert Stance Is the Road Back to the Cave, Huffington Post, February 7, 2016.].


    ?

      (Bowling Alone)   [66 - Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001).].         .     ,     ⠖      ,     ,          ,       .        :             .

           Blockbuster Video.              ,       .            ,       .             .

    ,                ,    .        -,   .        (   )          - ,    .        Meetup   蠖      , ,    ,          .          ,     .        .             .         ,    .




    ,         


      (,  )         .

   -      ,    ,          (    ).   ,    :   ,    [67 -   -    , 30  2015 .       -    .].

 ,     ,   젖   [68 -          1980-  2000-.]:     ,        .       ,      :   ,           .

     ,     -  ,    ,         .     1518   ,         .    ? -  ,        :     :          ,  ,     .

, ,       [69 -       .]     (       ).  ,   -,       :       ,   ,           ,      .    ,        : .

             堖   ,   . ,  ,    .      ,     ,      .     ,    .

      蠖    . -    :   -   ,    .   堖   .   ,       .       :  ,  .     :      Google       ,    ,    ,        .

,     ,       ( ,    -,         ).       ,   ,  ,    堖      ,             .

     ,  -       .       Pew Research Center,      (34%)      ,            (9%),    [70 -          1920-  1940-.       (1998),    ,      ,          ,   ,  .]   (5%)[71 - Nones on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation, Pew Research Center, 2012.].      ,    ,       ,    .

       .   ,                  :        .     頖    ,     ,     XXI .               .




 


 -  ,      ,         ,      .  ,     -     ,      .        (     )   ,     .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=39435814)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 leader full movements       ,   Black Lives Matter.




2


Bertrand Russell, Power: A New Social Analysis (London: Allen and Unwin, 1938).




3


Ashley Rodriguez, How Powerful Was Harvey Weinstein? Almost No One Has Been Tanked at the Oscars More, Quartz, October 13, 2017.




4


Madeline Berg, After Expulsion from the Academy, Here Are All of Harvey Weinsteins 81 Oscar Wins, Forbes, October 13, 2017.




5


British Government Under Pressure to Strip Harvey Weinstein of Honorary CBE, Hollywood Reporter, October 11, 2017.




6


Jim Rutenberg, Harvey Weinsteins Media Enablers, New York Times, October 6, 2017.




7


Ronan Farrow, Harvey Weinsteins Army of Spies, The New Yorker, November 6, 2017.




8


Emanuella Grinberg and Janet DiGiacomo, Amid Harassment Allegations, a Sisterhood Forms to Take Down James Toback, CNN, October 30, 2017.




9


 .




10


Doha Madani, Over 300 Women Chime In After L. A. Times Details Directors Sex Abuse Reputation, Huffington Post, October 27, 2017.




11


More Than 12M Me Too Facebook Posts, Comments, Reactions in 24 Hours, CBS News, October 17, 2017.




12


Eleanor Beardsley, Instead of #MeToo, French Women Say Out Your Pig, NPR, November 3, 2017; Sasha Lakach, #MeToo Has Gone Global, Mashable, October 20, 2017.




13


Joshua Lowe, #MeToo Sexual Assault and Harrassment Scandal in British Parliament Causes Minister to Resign, Newsweek, November 1, 2017.




14


Milan Schreuer, A #MeToo Moment for the European Parliament, New York Times, October 25, 2017.




15


#MeToo: Sexual predators List Divides Indian Feminists, DW, November 8, 2017.




16


Nicholas Moore, #MeToo: Fighting Workplace Harassment in China, CGTN, October 30, 2017.




17


Justin Carissimo, Creator of Original Me Too Campaign Speaks Out, CBS News, October 17, 2017.




18


Heather Schwedel, The Jewelry Designer Whos Already Selling #MeToo Necklaces Explains Herself, Slate, October 20, 2017.




19


PatientsLikeMe, July 2017. www.patientslikeme.com (http://www.patientslikeme.com/).




20


 -    , 28  2017 .    堖    ,   : Tampa General Hospital Health News. www.tgh.org (http://www.tgh.org/).




21


Atika Shubert and Bharati Naik, CNN Exclusive: From Glasgow Girl to Bedroom Radical and ISIS Bride, CNN, September 5, 2014.




22


 ,    .   ,    , . .




23


Lauren Crooks,  Bring good quality bras: Scots Jihadi Bride Writes Suitcase Checklist for Schoolgirls Wanting to Join Islamic State Fanatics, Daily Record, August 1, 2015.




24


Katrin Bennhold, Jihad and Girl Power: How ISIS Lured 3 London Girls, New York Times, August 27, 2015.




25


Luiz Martinez, US Drops Anti-ISIS Leaflets over Syria, ABC News, March 26, 2015.




26


Rita Katz, The State Departments Twitter War with ISIS Is Embarrassing, Time, September 16, 2014.




27


90s Kids, Whats Something You Did When You Were in School That Youths of Today Wouldnt Understand? Reddit, June 15, 2015. www.reddit.com (http://www.reddit.com/).




28


  ,     , ,          . .  4.




29


Matt Peckham, Minecraft Is Now the Second Best-Selling Game of All Time, Time, June 2, 2016.




30


Taylor Wafford, Donald Trump Retweets Racist Propaganda, Newsweek, November 23, 2015.




31


Alan Rappeport, Donald Trump Says He May Pay Legal Fees of Accused Attacker from Rally, New York Times, March 13, 2016.




32


#GivingTuesday, July 2017. www.givingtuesday.org (http://www.givingtuesday.org/).




33


Purpose, July 2017. www.purpose.com (http://www.purpose.com/).




34


Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries at NASA: From Problem Solvers to Solution Seekers, Administrative Science Quarterly, 2017. https: doi.org/10.1177/0001839217747876.




35


 .




36


 .




37


 .




38


 .




39


 .




40


 -    , 24  2016 .




41


Lifshitz-Assaf, Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries.




42


 .




43


 .




44


Space Apps Challenge, July 2017. wwww.2017.spaceappschallenge.org (http://www.2017.spaceappschallenge.org/).




45


  㠖  ,  !.




46


Lifshitz-Assaf, Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries.




47


 -    , 24  2016 .




48


 .




49


Lifshitz-Assaf, Dismantling Knowledge Boundaries.




50


Peg Tyre, Beyond School Supplies: How DonorsChoose Is Crowdsourcing Real Education Reform, Fast Company, February 10, 2014.




51


DonorsChoose.org, July 2017. www.donorschoose.org (http://www.donorschoose.org/).




52


Tyre, Beyond School Supplies.




53


    .




54


Kevin Roose, Silicon Valleys Secessionist Movement Is Growing, New York Magazine, October 21, 2013.




55


Peter Kafka, Balaji Srinivasan, Who May Run the FDA for Trump, Hates the FDA, Recode, January 14, 2017.




56


Alyson Shontell, A Leaked Internal Uber Presentation Shows What the Company Really Values in Its Employees, Business Insider, November 19, 2014.




57


Geoffrey James,  Collaboration Creates Mediocrity, Not Excellence, According to Science, Inc., April 14, 2017.




58


HRC Paid Speeches, WikiLeaks, January 25, 2016.




59


Noah Dyer for Governor, Scandal and Controversy, July 2017. www.noahdyer.com (http://www.noahdyer.com/).




60


   (. 1942), -    ( 1985.),    .




61


The Maker, Vimeo video, posted by Patrick Kehoe, 4:43, January 18, 2016. www.vimeo.com (http://www.vimeo.com/).




62


Doug Bierend, Meet the GynePunks Pushing the Boundaries of DIY Gynecology, Vice, August 21, 2015; Wattpad, July 2017. www.wattpad.com (http://www.wattpad.com/).




63


Edelman, 2017 Edelman Trust Barometer Annual Global Study, 2017. www.edelman.com (http://www.edelman.com/).




64


Michael Gove, Britons Have Had Enough of Experts, Sky News, June 21, 2016.




65


Chris York, Professor Brian Cox Says Michael Goves Anti-Expert Stance Is the Road Back to the Cave, Huffington Post, February 7, 2016.




66


Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001).




67


  -    , 30  2015 .       -    .




68


         1980-  2000-.




69


      .




70


         1920-  1940-.       (1998),    ,      ,          ,   ,  .




71


Nones on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation, Pew Research Center, 2012.


