  1648 : ,      
 


 
      ,     1648.        ,        ,     .  ,                   .  ,    ,          ,     .              .        ,     ,       .   , , .





 

  1648 : ,      


 



Benno Teschke



THE MYTH OF 1648:

Class, Geopolitics, and the Making of Modern International Relations



 Benno Teschke 2003



 



    

 : Benno Teschke. The Myth of 1648: Class, Geopolitics, and the Making of Modem International Relations. First published by Verso 2003



      <http://id.hse.ru (http://id.hse.ru/)>

          , 1648.




   [1 -             .     ,       [Teschke . Mythos 1648. Klassen, Geopolitik und die Entstehung des europaischen Staatensystems. Munster: Westfalisches Dampfboot, 2007. S. 1216],  , ,   ,    ,         .]


                       ,         .          -      ,     ,     ,             (  ,     )    .                     ().                :   ,     ,  ,   ,  , ,  , ,         ,   .         ,            , ,   -  ,   ,     (1648.)    [2 - ., : Buzan ., Little R. Beyond Westphalia? Capitalism after the Tali // Review of International Studies. 1999. Vol. 25. No. 5. R 89-104;  ., Dunne , Booth . Introduction // . , . Dunne, . Booth (eds). Empires, Systems and States: Great Transformations in International Politics. Cambridge, 2001. P. 4. . : Siegelberg J., Schlichte K. (Hrsg). Struktur-wandel Internationaler Beziehungen: Zum Verhaltnis von Staat und Internationalem System seit dem Westfalischen Frieden. Wiesbaden, 2000.].

 ,       ,  (    - )                  ,       .

               1990-    ,         .    ?        ?       ?        ?        ,      ,      .      fans et origo[3 -   ,    (.). . .]          [4 - Duchhardt . (Hrsg). Der Westfalische Friede: Diplomatic  Politische Zasur  Kulturelles Umfeld  Rezeptionsgeschichte. Miinchen, 1998; Idem. Westphalian System. Zur Problematik einer Denkfigur // Historische Zeitschrift. 1999. No. 269. S. 305315; Asch R., Vofi W., Wrede M. (Hrsg). Frieden und Krieg in der Friihen Neuzeit: Die Europaische Staatenordnung und die AuBereuropaische Welt. Miinchen, 2001; Burkhardt J. Der Westfalische Friede und die Legende von der Landesherrlichen Souveranitat // J. Engelbrecht, S. Laux (Hrsg). Landes- und Reichsgeschichte: Festschrift fur Hansgeorg Molitor. Bielefeld, 2004.],          1998. 350-           ,    ,         [5 -     : Beik W. The Absolutism of Louis XIV as Social Collaboration // Past & Present. 2005. No. 188. P.195224.].                ,         ,    XVII.          ,   8.2    (ius foederis  ius belli  pads[6 -            (.). . .]) -         ,         .      ,   ,         ,      ,    ,     ,     .           ,  -   .



   1648 廠        ,  , ,           .        -  ,           , ,     ,      (   )  .          ,      : -,      ,     ,     ,          ,     ; -,    ,            ,      ,          ,         .

          .          ,           .        ,  ,     .                    ,         ,                     .  ,   ,               ,          ,       ,     -     .           .  ,         ,           .                ,                        .              .                ,         [7 -  , ,  : Ruggie J.G. Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Toward a Neorealist Synthesis // R.O. Keohane (ed.). Neorealism and its Critics. N.Y., 1986. P.131157;  : Rosenberg /. The Empire of Civil Society: A Critique of the Realist Theory of International Relations. L., 1994.].  ,                    .                  Pax Britannica    ,                  - ,      ,     -  ,    ,                       .              ,           ,          ,           ,    .    ,               ,      ,        -  -[8 - .      : Lacker . Beyond Globalization: Capitalism, Territoriality and the International Relations of Modernity. L., 2006.].

       ,       ,      ,                  ,     [9 - Brenner R. The Agrarian Roots of European Capitalism // The Brenner Debate: Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe / T.H. Aston, C.H.E. Philpin (eds). Cambridge, 1985.].      [10 - Gerstenberger H. Die Subjektlose Gewalt: Theorie der Entstehung Biirgerlicher Staatsgewalt 2. Uberarbeitete Auflage. Munster, 2006.], ,    ,      ,      ,             [11 - . : Comninel G. English Feudalism and Origins of Capitalism // Journal of Peasant Studies. 2000. Vol. 27. No. 4. P.153;   .  : Brenner R. The Low Countries in the Transition to Capitalism // Peasants into Farmers? The Transformation of Rural Economy and Society in the Low Countries (Middle Ages  19


 (Century)) in the Light of the Brenner Debate / P. Hoppenbrouwers, J. Luiten van Zanden (eds). Turn-hout, 2001. P.275338; Wood E.M. The Question of Market Dependence // Journal of Agrarian Change. 2002. Vol. 2. No. 1. P.5087.].      1648         ,      ,          ,             , -    ,       .

  ,          1648 ,             ,         ,        .             2003.       [12 -   (19071967)    ( 1939.   ), -,     .   The Isaac and Tamara Deutscher Memorial Prize   ( 1969.)         . . .]     ,       ,  ,  -  ,      ,           ,      .          -     [13 - Teschke . Bourgeois Revolution, State-Formation and the Absence of the International // Historical Materialism: Research in Critical Marxist Theory. 2005. Vol. 13. No. 2. P.326.  . .: Teschke . Biirgerliche Revolution, Staatsbildung und die Absenz des Internationalen // Prokla: Zeitschrift fur Kritische Sozialwissenschaft. 2005. Bd. 35. No. 4. S. 575600.].      ,     ,    ,    ,            .         ,         -      (        ,   ),            ,      [14 -      .    : Rosenberg/. Why is There no International Historical Sociology? // European Journal of International Relations. 2006. Vol. 12. No. 3. P.307340.].                   ,     ,    .             .

     1648 [15 - Spruyt . Genealogy, Territorial Acquisition and the Capitalist State // International Politics. 2006. Vol. 43. No. 5. P.511518; Axtmann R. The Myth of 1648: Some Musings of a Sceptical Weberian // International Politics. 2006. Vol. 43. No. 5. P.519525; Agnew /. The English Road to Modern International Relations: Benno Teschkes The Myth of 1648 // International Politics. 2006. Vol. 43. No. 5. P.526530. . : Morton A. The Age of Absolutism: Capitalism, the Modern States-System and International Relations // Review of International Studies. 2006. Vol. 31. No. 1. P.495517.],       International Politics,    [16 - Schroeder R W. Class and the Making of the Modern International System // European History Quaterly. 2005. Vol. 35. P.119125; Miller S. The Myth of 1648 // Journal of Social History. 2004. Vol. 38. No. 1. P.213215; Little R. The Myth of 1648 // International Affairs. 2004. Vol. 80. No. 3. P.535536; Mansbach R. In Search of the Real State // International Studies Review. 2004. Vol. 6. P.315317; VanaikA. Has Academe Got it Wrong? // The Book Review. Vol. 28. No. 2. P.1416; Balakrishnan G. The Age of Warring States // New Left Review. 2004. Vol. 26. P.148160; Durchhardt H.http://www.sehepunkte (http://www.sehepunkte/). de/2004/03/4630.html; Kiely R. The Myth of 1648 // Journal of International Relations and Development. 2005. Vol. 8. P.218221; Agnew /. The History of States and Their Territories // Geopolitics. 2005. Vol. 10. P.184187; Fichtner P.S. The Myth of 1648 // The American Historical Review. 2004. Vol. 109. No. 4. P.13021303; Byres T The Myth of 1648 // History of European Ideas. 2004. Vol. 30. P.522524; Rabb T. More IR Than H // Times Literary Supplement. 21 May 2004. P. 27.]          ,  ,    ,    .             ,   ,  .  ,          ,           [17 - Teschke B. Debating the Myth of 1648: State-Formation, the Interstate System and the Rise of Capitalism  A Rejoinder // International Politics. 2006. Vol.43.No. 5. P.531573.].



, 7  2007 







       ,                ,          .    ,       ,     ,        ,         .        ,     ,    ,        ,    .        ,          ,               -.         ,    ,         .                     .   ,    ,    ,          .         ,               .             .. ,            -        .       ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    ,  ,   ,          -,      .                  Verso,                -     . ,            ,     ,    .             :       [Teschke Benno. Geopolitical Relations in the European Middle Ages: History and Theory // International Organization. 1998. Vol. 52. No. 2. R 325358].              :              [Teschke Benno. Theorising the Westphalian System of States: International Relations from Absolutism to Capitalism // European Journal of International Relations. 2002. Vol. 8. No. 1. P.548].    MIT Press  Sage Publications         . Habent suafata libelli[18 -    ໠    Pro captu lectoris habent sua fata libelli (   ,   ,    ),      (Terentianus Maurus). . .].



    -   .       .










  1648 


,  ,   ,         ,       ()     ()    ,      .       , ,       ,     .        ,          ,          ,   -     ,       .   ,     ,    ,   ,   .         ,         ,   .                  .           - ,                      .

                  ,     ,         .            .        .     ,     ,    ,         ?          ,     ,      ,          ,     ?

     (modern)       ,    .  ,     ,     ,    ,   ,          ,       .      1648.            ,     .          ,        .    ,      ,       ,    .       ,             .                        ,        . ,       1648.            XVII.   .       ,    XVII.        -,    ,        340 ,     -  , ,     [19 -                   .      Geopolitik,     , .: [Teschke. 2001].].

     ,     ,     ,         .  1648                ,       .   ,      ,           , ,  .   XVII.   ,          ,    ,   .                             ,           .    -    -,  ,  ,         .        ,       ,        .        .          raison dtat[20 - Raison dEtat (.)  ,            . . .]   ,             .    ,        ,           .       ,     ,   .            res publica christiana              .      (1648.)    (1713.)    (state-system)      .

           .       ,  1648.,            ,         :      ,      ,   ,    (polities).                ,  ,             . ,     ,   ,     .       .                  ,  ,  ,       (eliminatory equilibrium)      .      ,    ,       ,  -   1648.        .     ,            VIII  XVIII.,    - .        .

1.  ,        .       ,           ,        .            ,    , , ,   ,     ?         ,      ,   ,   ,   ,     ,     ,    ?

2.- ,       .     ,     ?  ,       -  -   ,         . ,       /     ,   ,         .         ,   ,      .

3. ,              .           ,                      - ?      ,    ,                ,    ?        ,                         ?      ,                 ?

4.       .    ,                           ,          ,          ?        ,        ?  ,    ,    XVII.    ,        ,    -,       ?        , a fortiori,     ?        (modernity)?

5.          ,  ,  ,      .            ,     ,          ,     .       ,          ,       ,   ,          ,  ,     .

    . -,              ,  ,     .                . -,    ,   ,     ,     ,   .                 .        ,        ,   ,              .            ,                 .

          ,         ,          ,                 .    ,      ,      ,    .            .            ,       ,          .         ,                    ,      .    ,         ,   ,       ,      ,       .




  


             ,     ,        ,  ,       .         ,            .     , ,          ,       ,      .    ,      ,   ,  ,           [21 -      : [Brenner. 1977, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1993, 2001; Wood. 1991, 1995, 2002; Comninel. 1987]. . : [. 2006; . 2010; Gerstenberger. 1990; Rosenberg. 1994].           ; .: [Heine, Teschke. 1996, 1997; Teschke, Heine. 2002].     : [Kosik. 1976; Bernstein. 1972; Schmidt. 1981].].   ,     ,        .                ,            .       ,    ,           .  ,   ,     ,         .                ,        .

         . , ,             .   ,     .    ,       ,        ,   status quo        .       ,      .                 ,    ,     .

              .        ,           .




 


              .                .                    .          ,     ,         .              .            .      ,     ,           .        ,     .

          ,              .                      ;           ,     .            .    ,             (   ).             ,             ,        () .     - (/)    ,     .

       .         ,                 ,     .       XI.,     ( ,  Ostsiedlung[22 - Ostsiedlung (.)   ,     . . .],     ),        ,     ,       .    ,     XII.                 ,     .                ,        /                  .

           .       -          ,       . ,        ,     . ,     ,     ,            .      , ,       ,    ( ),     ,         .         ,        ,       (  XII,   XVI.).   ,       ,   ,  ,                ,      ,         ,              .               ()  .

                    ,   .                    ,       .             ,  , ,     ,   ,           ,      ,   /,   ,    ,   . ,      ,           ,      .                    ,           - .         ,   ,            .     ,   .    ,                  ,    .        /   ,          .

          ,     ,    XVI    .    ,      -,                  .       ,     ,     .     -           ,   ,      .                ,       .      ,       ,     ,     XVI.              .

        , ,         .          ,       .  ,             ,     .      ,           .           .          .           ,  ,   1648.          .

   ,            . ,     ,           , , ,     /    ,        .             XVII.,       ,    1688.   ,                                  .         XVIII.     ,          ,        ,   .        ,          ,        .         ,     ,     ,        ,           -  .       ,    /,            .       ,      ,     .         1688.    ,       .        ,  .               (          ),          .         .               ,       -   .

               .        ,    ,      .                     .




I.     :     





1.:    


            ,     .             .   ,               .                  ,    ,   ,     ,          .   ,        ,    / ,    .      ,    ,     , ,  ,   ,          ,     .           .          ,        .            ,         .               .

         ,         ,     ,     ,   ,    .            ,      .         .            ,       ,            ,    .

   ,       (International Society),    ,      ?            ?




2. 



 :    

       ,             ,      .                  [Waltz. 1979. .114116].     :     .       - ,  ;         ,   .   ,      ,      ,         ,     .        ,            .       ,   [23 -   , ,         .     ,       ,        , ,             ,    .   ,    ,       ,     ,      -     ,        .].        .  ,     ,          .   ,          ,         ,     ,        .   ,          ,    ,      [Waltz. 1988. . 620].   (     ) ,        .        .

      .        ,       ,             .   :               ,       , ,      [Waltz. 1990. . 37].           .

     .         ,   :      ,      [Waltz. 1979. . 118].      ,   ,        ,     [Halliday, Rosenberg. 1998. . 379].           .        ,    ,         .       ( ),        ,   (),     ,   ,       ,         [24 -     ,  ,     ,        [Halliday, Rosenberg. 1998. R 381382, 386].].    (, ,  )           .                    [Waltz. 1986. R 53]       ,   ,    ,    .        ,    ,      ; ,     ,    - [25 -           ,  ,   ,    ,   , ,     [Mearsheimer. 2001. .1012].].   ,     .            .        ,        ;      ,     .            ;       ,    .   ,  ,   : mors immortalis[26 -   ,       ,   ,  ,        [, . . 4. . 133].]\

      (   )   .             .         ,    :    ,     . ,           ,        .  ,   ,            .          - ,    -           .   .




3. 



 :    

      ,            ,             .                        .     ,        , ,             [Gilpin. 1981. . 211].

   ?     ,           .          ,    .          .                [Gilpin. 1981. .3940].     ,    ,         .                 .

             ,       ,  Pax Britannica   Pax Americana.    XVII.  ,     ,  ,   ,           .  ,     ,  ,       ,     ,      [Gilpin. 1981. .7475].            ,            status quo.        ,             [Gilpin. 1981. .1011].  ,      ,      ,       (,   ),    .                ,        .        status quo,   .

   ,     ,     ,        (   )         ( )?

   .    ,           .          ,   .                    [Gilpin. 1981. . 111].             .



        .            ,           ,      .              ,    ,      .         ,           (  ),    .         ,           [Gilpin. 1981. . 112].


,  ,      ,     - ,      .

              .  -           ,     . ,           ,      .



   ,        ,            .       ,        .         [Ibid.].


,             ,        ,      ,    .            . ,                   ,   .      ,        .

        ?          ,          :      ,    ,    [Gilpin. 1981. . 115].     ,     ,             .

     .                 :   ,        .    ,             ,      [Gilpin. 1981. . 116]. ,          ;          ,     .       900  1700. [Gilpin. 1981. . 118],    ,      ,                .       ,         , -     .  XVII.   ,    :   ,      ,        ,         [Gilpin. 1981. .121122][27 -       XVI. (.: [Gilpin. 1987. . 4]).].

                 ? -,          :



    ,     .           ,        ;           . ,     ;              XIIXIII.             ,       [Gilpin. 1981. .108109].


   ,                   .          ,  ,    ,    .       ;    ,            ,   raison detre   .      ,              ,        ,                        .

  ,            ,          ,       .        XIV.,           .         ,    ,              ,     XIV .

       .  ,        ,  ,   ,  ,        .      ,   .    ,      ,     :



        -  -, ,    ..         ,     ,        [Gilpin. 1981. .2627].


     .      ,      .

    ,  ,    XIV  XVI.    ,    :        ,         ,       .             [Gilpin. 1981. . 119].      . -,       ,         ,        ,            ໠  . -,          ?  ,     .       primi inter pares[28 - Primi inter pares (.)   . . .],           ,    ,   .      ,     - ?           :          ,             ,     ,         .             (    ),        . ,     ;          .               ,            .

           .         ,        [Gilpin. 1981. . 123].       ,      ,        ,       .          ,        ,      ,             .                   ,      :   ,     1688.,  ,   ,           .  ,                 ,  ,    ,    ,   -  -, .    ,      ,     .  ,     ,     XIV.         .

       ,     .        ,    ,        ,               ,     .   ,        ,         ,      ,       ,       ,    ,      .   ,    ,       .        .           .      ,    .     ,         ,   post hoc, ergo propter hoc[29 - Post hoc, ergo propter hoc (.)  , ,   . . .] [Spruyt. 1994a. P. 26].          ,         ,      -    .                  ,         .

                     ?        :   ( ,       )       ,                     .              ;      ,   ,     ,   ,   ,    [Gilpin. 1981. . 130].     ,                ,        ,    .              ,     ,   ,  .    ,   .           .

      .        ,     黠    ,          . ,    ,    ,    ,     .       ?      ?        ,   ?       .                 ,    [Gilpin. 1987. . 3],   ,   ()   ()   ,     :   ,      ,     ,      ,        [Gilpin. 1987. . 10fn.].              ,      .  ,  ,   ,             [Gilpin. 1987. . 9].    ,           [30 -           ,     [Gilpin. 1986. . 314].     ,    ?].      ,         .         .

       ,        ,        .   , 



          .          .         ,       ,        [Gilpin. 1981. . 125].


    ,           /    ,          [Gilpin. 1981. . 126].                        .



               .   ,         ,  ,   .    ,   XVII.,      .          XVIIXVIII. [Gilpin. 1981. . 133].


 ,     ,    .        ,   ,     ,             ?       ,      ,       XVII.            ,  ,   XIX.:  , 



         ,    ,        .    ,  ,      ,    ,             [Gilpin. 1981. . 138].


 ,          ?                XIX.,       ,       XVII.?

        ,      ,       .   ,     ,                   ,          XVII  XIX .

        ,             ? , ,   ,           .        ,          , ,   ,        ,    ,         :   ,  ,      [Gilpin. 1981. . 7].              ,     [Ibid.],         ,       ,                            .                     ,    .          ,  .        ,     ,      ,   .


 :     




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/benno-teshke/mif-o-1648-gode-klass-geopolitika-i-sozdanie-sovremennyh-mezh/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


            .     ,       [Teschke . Mythos 1648. Klassen, Geopolitik und die Entstehung des europaischen Staatensystems. Munster: Westfalisches Dampfboot, 2007. S. 1216],  , ,   ,    ,         .




2


., : Buzan ., Little R. Beyond Westphalia? Capitalism after the Tali // Review of International Studies. 1999. Vol. 25. No. 5. R 89-104;  ., Dunne , Booth . Introduction // . , . Dunne, . Booth (eds). Empires, Systems and States: Great Transformations in International Politics. Cambridge, 2001. P. 4. . : Siegelberg J., Schlichte K. (Hrsg). Struktur-wandel Internationaler Beziehungen: Zum Verhaltnis von Staat und Internationalem System seit dem Westfalischen Frieden. Wiesbaden, 2000.




3


  ,    (.). . .




4


Duchhardt . (Hrsg). Der Westfalische Friede: Diplomatic  Politische Zasur  Kulturelles Umfeld  Rezeptionsgeschichte. Miinchen, 1998; Idem. Westphalian System. Zur Problematik einer Denkfigur // Historische Zeitschrift. 1999. No. 269. S. 305315; Asch R., Vofi W., Wrede M. (Hrsg). Frieden und Krieg in der Friihen Neuzeit: Die Europaische Staatenordnung und die AuBereuropaische Welt. Miinchen, 2001; Burkhardt J. Der Westfalische Friede und die Legende von der Landesherrlichen Souveranitat // J. Engelbrecht, S. Laux (Hrsg). Landes- und Reichsgeschichte: Festschrift fur Hansgeorg Molitor. Bielefeld, 2004.




5


    : Beik W. The Absolutism of Louis XIV as Social Collaboration // Past & Present. 2005. No. 188. P.195224.




6


           (.). . .




7


 , ,  : Ruggie J.G. Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Toward a Neorealist Synthesis // R.O. Keohane (ed.). Neorealism and its Critics. N.Y., 1986. P.131157;  : Rosenberg /. The Empire of Civil Society: A Critique of the Realist Theory of International Relations. L., 1994.




8


.      : Lacker . Beyond Globalization: Capitalism, Territoriality and the International Relations of Modernity. L., 2006.




9


Brenner R. The Agrarian Roots of European Capitalism // The Brenner Debate: Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe / T.H. Aston, C.H.E. Philpin (eds). Cambridge, 1985.




10


Gerstenberger H. Die Subjektlose Gewalt: Theorie der Entstehung Biirgerlicher Staatsgewalt 2. Uberarbeitete Auflage. Munster, 2006.




11


. : Comninel G. English Feudalism and Origins of Capitalism // Journal of Peasant Studies. 2000. Vol. 27. No. 4. P.153;   .  : Brenner R. The Low Countries in the Transition to Capitalism // Peasants into Farmers? The Transformation of Rural Economy and Society in the Low Countries (Middle Ages  19


 (Century)) in the Light of the Brenner Debate / P. Hoppenbrouwers, J. Luiten van Zanden (eds). Turn-hout, 2001. P.275338; Wood E.M. The Question of Market Dependence // Journal of Agrarian Change. 2002. Vol. 2. No. 1. P.5087.




12


  (19071967)    ( 1939.   ), -,     .   The Isaac and Tamara Deutscher Memorial Prize   ( 1969.)         . . .




13


Teschke . Bourgeois Revolution, State-Formation and the Absence of the International // Historical Materialism: Research in Critical Marxist Theory. 2005. Vol. 13. No. 2. P.326.  . .: Teschke . Biirgerliche Revolution, Staatsbildung und die Absenz des Internationalen // Prokla: Zeitschrift fur Kritische Sozialwissenschaft. 2005. Bd. 35. No. 4. S. 575600.




14


     .    : Rosenberg/. Why is There no International Historical Sociology? // European Journal of International Relations. 2006. Vol. 12. No. 3. P.307340.




15


Spruyt . Genealogy, Territorial Acquisition and the Capitalist State // International Politics. 2006. Vol. 43. No. 5. P.511518; Axtmann R. The Myth of 1648: Some Musings of a Sceptical Weberian // International Politics. 2006. Vol. 43. No. 5. P.519525; Agnew /. The English Road to Modern International Relations: Benno Teschkes The Myth of 1648 // International Politics. 2006. Vol. 43. No. 5. P.526530. . : Morton A. The Age of Absolutism: Capitalism, the Modern States-System and International Relations // Review of International Studies. 2006. Vol. 31. No. 1. P.495517.




16


Schroeder R W. Class and the Making of the Modern International System // European History Quaterly. 2005. Vol. 35. P.119125; Miller S. The Myth of 1648 // Journal of Social History. 2004. Vol. 38. No. 1. P.213215; Little R. The Myth of 1648 // International Affairs. 2004. Vol. 80. No. 3. P.535536; Mansbach R. In Search of the Real State // International Studies Review. 2004. Vol. 6. P.315317; VanaikA. Has Academe Got it Wrong? // The Book Review. Vol. 28. No. 2. P.1416; Balakrishnan G. The Age of Warring States // New Left Review. 2004. Vol. 26. P.148160; Durchhardt H.http://www.sehepunkte (http://www.sehepunkte/). de/2004/03/4630.html; Kiely R. The Myth of 1648 // Journal of International Relations and Development. 2005. Vol. 8. P.218221; Agnew /. The History of States and Their Territories // Geopolitics. 2005. Vol. 10. P.184187; Fichtner P.S. The Myth of 1648 // The American Historical Review. 2004. Vol. 109. No. 4. P.13021303; Byres T The Myth of 1648 // History of European Ideas. 2004. Vol. 30. P.522524; Rabb T. More IR Than H // Times Literary Supplement. 21 May 2004. P. 27.




17


Teschke B. Debating the Myth of 1648: State-Formation, the Interstate System and the Rise of Capitalism  A Rejoinder // International Politics. 2006. Vol.43.No. 5. P.531573.




18


   ໠    Pro captu lectoris habent sua fata libelli (   ,   ,    ),      (Terentianus Maurus). . .




19


                  .      Geopolitik,     , .: [Teschke. 2001].




20


Raison dEtat (.)  ,            . . .




21


     : [Brenner. 1977, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1993, 2001; Wood. 1991, 1995, 2002; Comninel. 1987]. . : [. 2006; . 2010; Gerstenberger. 1990; Rosenberg. 1994].           ; .: [Heine, Teschke. 1996, 1997; Teschke, Heine. 2002].     : [Kosik. 1976; Bernstein. 1972; Schmidt. 1981].




22


Ostsiedlung (.)   ,     . . .




23


  , ,         .     ,       ,        , ,             ,    .   ,    ,       ,     ,      -     ,        .




24


    ,  ,     ,        [Halliday, Rosenberg. 1998. R 381382, 386].




25


          ,  ,   ,    ,   , ,     [Mearsheimer. 2001. .1012].




26


  ,       ,   ,  ,        [, . . 4. . 133].




27


      XVI. (.: [Gilpin. 1987. . 4]).




28


Primi inter pares (.)   . . .




29


Post hoc, ergo propter hoc (.)  , ,   . . .




30


          ,     [Gilpin. 1986. . 314].     ,    ?


