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     XVII. .    .  ,   ,    ,       .        .            ,            [38 - McPherson, C.B. (ed.) John Locke Second Treatise of Government, Indianapolis and Cambridge, UK: Hackett Publishing Company, 1980, Chapter V, Section 27.].    . :          .       ,  ,       ,         [39 -    ., : Hughes J. The Philosophy of IP // Georgetown Law Journal. 1988. (http://www.justinhughes.net/docs/a-ip01.pdf); Spinello R.A., Tavani H.T. Intellectual Property Rights in a Networked World: Theory and Practice. Hershey, 2005. P. 910; Vaver D. Intellectual property rights. Critical concept in law. New-York, 2006. P. 105.].            .

  .      .         Testimony of Elizabeth Janeway,     ,  ,    ,       [40 - Testimony of Elizabeth Janeway, Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on H.R. 4347, 5680, 6831, 6835 Before Subcomm. No. 3of the House Comm. on the Judiciary, 89


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            .

-,              ,      .    ,             ,       [42 - .: Samuelson P.A. The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure // The Review of Economics and Statistics, 36. 1954. P. 387389; Barnes D.W. The incentives / access tradeoff // Northwestern Journal of Technology & Intellectual Property. 2010. Vol. 9. 3. P. 103; Leslie C.R. Antitrust law and intellectual property rights. Oxford, 2011. P. 20.].      .        ,          .  ,         ,   , ,     ,   ,          .          ,    ,       .

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).               . b).    ,    ,     , ,     ,     . c).        , ,           .                   ѻ[48 - . : Fisher W. Theories of intellectual property // New essays in the legal and political theory of property / dited by R. Munzer. Cambridge, 2001. P. 171172.].

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       ,        ,   () [59 -          : 1)     ; 2)  :  ()        ; 3)            ,     . ., : Menell P. Intellectual property: general theories // http://encyclo.findlaw. com/1600book.pdf].               .           ,    , [60 - .: Moore A. Intellectual property and information control. Philosophic foundation and contemporary issues. New Jersey, 2001; Nordhaus W. Invention, Growth and Welfare: A Theoretical Trea. Cambridge, 1969. P. 63; Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal, 286 U.S. 123, 127128 (1932); Kendall v. Winsor, 62 U.S. (21 How.) 322, 327328 (1858); Colston C. Principles of intellectual property law. London, 1999. P. 26.].        . ,      ,    .             .       -  ,           .      ,      [61 - Bentham J.A. Manual of Political Economy. New York, 1962. P. 71.].

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   ,    law and economics (                       ),       .       ,  ,   .        .                [71 - .: Boulding K. Economics as a Moral Science // The American Economic Review. 1969. Vol. 59. 1. P. 4; Kahneman D.A. Psychological Perspective on Economics // The American Economic Review. 2003. Vol. 93. 2. P. 166.];

2)  ,            .

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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Cohen W.M., Nelson R.R., Walsh J.P. Protecting Their Intellectual Assets: Appropriability Conditions and Why U.S. Manufacturing Firms Patent (or Not) // http://www.nber.org/ papers/w7552




2


    ,   2006.      $83    .




3


   ,   ,           .




4


         .. , ,              . .:  ..     . ., 2001. . 20.




5


 ..     . ., 2009 ( ).




6


.:  ..       :  . . . , 2005. . 7;  .          . ., 2004. . 261;  ..   : - . ., 2007. . 102;  ..       //  . 2013. 2. . 10.




7


 ..   (  ) //    :        / . . .. , .. . ., 2011 ( ).




8


., :     19  2013. -9038/13    57-3140/2011;       9  2014.    12-5206/2011;  -   4  2014.    56-66505/2012;     8  2014.    14-4407/2013;     13  2013.    41-58454/12 ( ).




9


    21  2012. -15098/12    63-6940/2011;  20  2012. -14824/12    63-6941/2011;  21  2012. -7174/12    56-8031/2011;      25  2013.    40-59362/09-70-230;      14  2014.    48-2339/2013.




10


 , ,    ,  . 1362      .




11


 ,  ..       ,   ,      ,    -    ,                . .:  .. . . . 80.




12


 ..,  ..        //  :  .  . .. . ., 2011. . 4.




13


Pound R. Jurisprudence. St. Paul, 1959. Vol. 3. P. 16.    .  .:  ..        // . 1977. 6. . 8996.




14


 ..      . ., 2002. . 23.




15


 .     . ., 2006. . 111.




16


           (. 1),    (. 5. 10). ,  - ,            .




17


 .  .  . ., 1992. . 26.




18


   .. ,            , :   ,   ; ,    ;  , ,       ,         ( ..        //   . 2006. 1. . 131).              .         -    . 3. 17    ,                 . (    21  2014. 3-       1  19                㻻).




19


     ,  .             13 .   ,     ,                      .




20


, ,                ,   1/12        ,  ,  ?    .    ,        ,                .            .  -    ,       ,     (       3  2014.   33-1037/2014).

           .    ,        .      ,            ,          .

,          ,  ,          ,  ,          (     13  2010. 16996/09    43-27008/200839-731),                ,           (     1  2013. 3914/13    06-7751/2010).                              .

,           ,    .  ,  ,       .                  . ,        ,     - (     27  2011. 3990/11    10-1176/2010),   ,     (      1  2014.    14-7299/2013).        , ,  ,      ,   .         ,  ,  ,     .           ,   .




21


     .:  ..         .             (, 31  2000.);  .  :  . ., 2012. . 194.




22


Barnes D.W. The incentives / access tradeoff // Northwestern Journal of Technology & Intellectual Property. 2010. Vol. 9. 3. P. 9899.




23


Posner R.A., Landes W.A. The economic structure of intellectual property law. England: Harvard university press, 2003. P. 1415.




24


Gosseries A. How (Un)fair is Intellectual Property? // Intellectual property and theories of justice. London, 2008. P. 10.




25


.: Samuelson P. A. The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure // The Review of Economics and Statistics, 36. 1954. P. 387389; Barnes D.W. The incentives / access tradeoff // Northwestern Journal of Technology & Intellectual Property. 2010. Vol. 9. 3. P. 103; Leslie C.R. Antitrust law and intellectual property rights. Oxford, 2011. P. 20.




26


.: Dimitru S. Are Rawlsians Entitled to Monopoly Rights? // Intellectual property and theories of justice. London, 2008. P. 6364; Spinello R.A., Tavani H.T. Intellectual Property Rights in a Networked World: Theory and Practice. Hershey, 2005. P. 5.




27


 ..  : , ,  :  . ., 2003. . 37.




28


 ..    -  // http://www.fpa.su/biblioteka/izdaniya/problemy-teorii-gosudarstva-i-prava/ intellektualnaya-sobstvennost-kak-teoretiko-pravovaya-kategoriya-m-a-verholetov/




29


 ..    - :  . . : . . . . . ., 2005. . 8.




30


 :  / . . .. . ., 1986. . 81.




31


 ..      . . II. ., 1944. . 257.




32


          .        (     )  - (   ) .          .




33


Competitive European regions through research and innovation: Practical guide to EU Funding opportunities for research and innovation. REV 1 30/09/2008. P. 5.




34


    .. ,                 .        ,         . .:  ..    . ., 2001.




35


 ..           (  250     ). ., 2010 (    : http://ab-irbis.ru/upload/iblock/ ead/eada9653fae3025e6a427d7d448b444e.pdf).




36


       ,                 ,    .         , , -,        .           . -,      ,          . -,     ,  ,   ,     ,      .




37


     . ,    ,       -  .        ,          . . :  ..   . ., 1998. . 146.




38


McPherson, C.B. (ed.) John Locke Second Treatise of Government, Indianapolis and Cambridge, UK: Hackett Publishing Company, 1980, Chapter V, Section 27.




39


   ., : Hughes J. The Philosophy of IP // Georgetown Law Journal. 1988. (http://www.justinhughes.net/docs/a-ip01.pdf); Spinello R.A., Tavani H.T. Intellectual Property Rights in a Networked World: Theory and Practice. Hershey, 2005. P. 910; Vaver D. Intellectual property rights. Critical concept in law. New-York, 2006. P. 105.




40


Testimony of Elizabeth Janeway, Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on H.R. 4347, 5680, 6831, 6835 Before Subcomm. No. 3of the House Comm. on the Judiciary, 89


Cong., 1st Sess. (1965), reprinted in George S. Grossman, Omnibus Copyright Revision Legislative History. Vol. 5 (1976). P. 100.




41


347U.S. 201, 219 (1954). For a similar argument in the patent context, see Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co., 243 U.S. 502 (1917).




42


.: Samuelson P.A. The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure // The Review of Economics and Statistics, 36. 1954. P. 387389; Barnes D.W. The incentives / access tradeoff // Northwestern Journal of Technology & Intellectual Property. 2010. Vol. 9. 3. P. 103; Leslie C.R. Antitrust law and intellectual property rights. Oxford, 2011. P. 20.




43


 . . .  . ., 1990.




44


 .




45


 ... . .




46


.: Radin M. Reinterpreting Property. Chicago, 1993; Waldron J. The Right to Private Property. Oxford, 1988.




47


Green T.H. Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation and Other Writings. London, 1931. P. 165.




48


. : Fisher W. Theories of intellectual property // New essays in the legal and political theory of property / dited by R. Munzer. Cambridge, 2001. P. 171172.




49


Spence M. Intellectual property. Oxford, 2007. P. 73.




50


Harris J. Property and Justice. Oxford, 1996. P. 222.




51


Barnes D.W. The incentives / access tradeoff // Northwestern Journal of Technology & Intellectual Property. 2010. Vol. 9. 3. P. 9899.




52


Posner R.A., Landes W.A. The economic structure of intellectual property law. England, Harvard university press, 2003. P. 1415.




53


 ..  . ., 19021903 // http://ex-jure.ru/law/news. php?newsid=45




54


        ( .. . .),    (Geller E. Copyright history and the future: whats culture got to do with it // Copyright History and the Future. P. 215).




55


. :  .. . .




56


Lecture on natural law // http://www.radford.edu/~junnever/law/naturallaw.htm




57


Strauss L. Natural Right and History. Chicago, 1953. P. 248.




58


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