  VPN.   
 


    ,         (VPN).     ,        VPN,            VPN.       VPN,     ,   ,        .           VPN ,          .      ,         ,         VPN.





 

  VPN.   








 1.   VPN?


   ,         ,         .   ,    (VPN)           -.

        VPN   .    ,   VPN     ,     -.

               IP-, VPN    ,         .         VPN,       ,     ,  VPN     .


1.1.     VPN

   (VPN)     -,      .      VPN:

  : 

            (VPN).      VPN         VPN ,           .          ,    Wi-Fi  ,       .

 ,  VPN,       ,      .      ,   ,   ,  ,      ,     .   VPN         .

 Wi-Fi  ,   ,    ,   ,      ,          . ,   VPN,      ,    ,       .  , VPN            ,       .

    : 

           VPN.       -     -,        ,    .    VPN             .

  VPN    ,   -  .     -   ,    ,    .  VPN     ,             .

 ,       ,     ,            .     ,   Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video  ,       ,    .  ,   ,            ,         .

   VPN           ,          .     ,  VPN        -   ,    .            ,    ,    .

,         ,      ,     VPN-            .  , VPN         ,   ,    .

  VPN    ,       ,    ,        . VPN                 .

 , VPN             .     ,    ,     ,          .

  -: 

  -        VPN.      -       ,  , -    .        ,         ,        ,           .

VPN       -       -.       VPN,   ,   ,  -,    . .,      VPN-.  ,    -    ,     ,            .

  VPN         .   -,   VPN, ,          ,   , -  .  ,    -   ,       ,       .

             .   ,  -  ,       .     ,           -   .

 ,   VPN        ,      .       ,              .  VPN        ,       -.

    : 

           VPN,   -.          ,    . VPN           ,        .

 VPN           ,          .    VPN       ,  ,  ,     ,        ,    .

  VPN         .          ,         .           ,    Wi-Fi    ,       VPN.

             .  ,  VPN    ,        .  ,  VPN        ,        ,      .

 ,  ,     ,        ,     VPN       .                .

 , VPN  -        ,         .   VPN     ,         .

  : 

          VPN    .          ,         .  VPN                  .

      VPN,   -   ,         .           ,   ,  ,    . .      ,      - .

   VPN     Wi-Fi     ,       .    , ,    ,      . VPN      ,          .

 ,  VPN        ,     .      VPN         -,           .

VPN      ,     .       ,   VPN      .


1.2.      

  ,    Wi-Fi    , ,     ,         .       ,         ,      .

        ,       .  ,    Wi-Fi    , ,     ,      ,       .

           .       ,          .  ,   ,    ,   , ,     ,   . ,        ,       - .

 "man-in-the-middle" (MITM)     ,     .   ,           ,     .          ,         .

   MITM     ,     .       ,  , ,  ,      .        ,    ,  ,           .

 ,      ,        -.      ,     ,               .

    MITM       ,    HTTPS         .  ,  VPN      MITM ,  VPN        ,       .

             .       VPN,              ,           .  ,      ,      ,    ,      ,   HTTPS,   -.

  "man-in-the-middle"  (MITM),        ,     .     Wi-Fi    ,         .      ,   , ,     .

        ,        .          ,  , ,     .      ,     ,  ,         .

              ,       .           ,       ,    ,    .  ,  VPN        ,  VPN      ,       .

       VPN     . VPN         ,         .         ,     .  ,     ,      ,     ,     .


1.3.   IP-

  IP-      (VPN)          .       VPN,   -    VPN-,          .    VPN-   IP- ,      IP-.  ,    ,          ,   IP- VPN-.

    IP-    . -,      .   IP-    IP- VPN-,  -     .  ,    -,   ,            .

 ,   IP-    .             IP-.              .   ,    IP-      ,           IP-,     .


1.4.     -

    -         (VPN).  -         -   .       ,   ,      .

,  VPN,      .    VPN-     ,     IP-       .  , -    ,   -  ,        .

      ,   -             . ,         ,      .     VPN          ,       .

        -,     ,     ,    .  ,     -   VPN           .


1.5.    

            . VPN            .

       VPN,   -       VPN.         ,          ,     .

     VPN           .           ,      .  VPN    ,         .

 , VPN         .  , ,              ,    .   VPN          ,     .

 ,  VPN                  .             ,      .


1.6.   DNS-

  DNS-         . DNS-,  DNS-,     -      DNS-.            ,  -  ,    - .

 VPN   DNS-         .     VPN,   DNS-         VPN.  ,  DNS-        .

    VPN    DNS-       DNS-,  VPN-.        ,        -.  ,          .

 ,  VPN   DNS-     DNS-        .                 .




 2.    


      ,       .    ,         ,            .

        ,      ,            .     VPN            VPN       .

     ,    ,             -.   ,               .


2.1.    

  

             .         ( )       ()      .            ,     .

       . ,  AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)        ,    .                   .

           AES.

1.  :      .    128-  (16 ).

2.  :

,     "Hello, world!",    .

         , , UTF-8: `48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 77 6F 72 6C 64 21`.

    ,    ( 128   16 ), ,    : `48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 77 6F 72 6C 64 21 00 00 00`.

     128  (16 ).

       AES.     ,      .

3.  :

       AES    .

     ,     .

  ,       .

    AES     .  ,  AES       (128, 192  256 ),        .

    Python,        AES   `cryptography`:

```python

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes

from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import padding

import os

def encrypt_message(message, key):

backend = default_backend()

iv = os.urandom(16) #        

cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=backend)

encryptor = cipher.encryptor()

padder = padding.PKCS7(128).padder() #      

padded_data = padder.update(message) + padder.finalize()

ciphertext = encryptor.update(padded_data) + encryptor.finalize()

return iv + ciphertext

def decrypt_message(ciphertext, key):

backend = default_backend()

iv = ciphertext[:16] #     

ciphertext = ciphertext[16:] #     

cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=backend)

decryptor = cipher.decryptor()

padded_plaintext = decryptor.update(ciphertext) + decryptor.finalize()

unpadder = padding.PKCS7(128).unpadder()

plaintext = unpadder.update(padded_plaintext) + unpadder.finalize()

return plaintext

#  :

message = b"Hello, world!"

key = os.urandom(32) #   256- 

ciphertext = encrypt_message(message, key)

print(" :", ciphertext.hex())

plaintext = decrypt_message(ciphertext, key)

print(" :", plaintext.decode())

```

   AES   CBC (Cipher Block Chaining)     .    PKCS7       .  ,              `os.urandom()`.

   :

1.   :

      `cryptography`: `Cipher`    , `algorithms`     (   AES), `modes`     (   CBC), `padding`     ,  `default_backend`     .

    `os`,    `urandom()`    .

2.  `encrypt_message()`:

       .

    (IV)  16 .

   AES   CBC     IV.

   PKCS7        (128 ).

      AES.

 IV    .

3.  `decrypt_message()`:

        .

IV   .

   AES   CBC     IV.

     AES.

   PKCS7   .

  .

4.  :

   `b"Hello, world!"`.

    32  (256 ).

    .

       .

       .

    .

 `cryptography`      Python,         .      , ,   ,     .

`cryptography`           Python,       .          Python         .

    API    ,              .           ,         .

 RSA (RivestShamirAdleman)        .     ,           ,      :   .

1.  :

     .

        .

           .

2.  :

     ,      .

          .

           .

     RSA :

1.    :   .

2.     ,      .

3.        .

4.            .

    Python,         RSA   `cryptography`:

```python

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding

from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

#    RSA

def generate_rsa_keys():

private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(

public_exponent=65537,

key_size=2048,

backend=default_backend()

)

public_key = private_key.public_key()

return private_key, public_key

#      

def encrypt_message(message, public_key):

ciphertext = public_key.encrypt(

message.encode(),

padding.OAEP(

mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption()),

algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption(),

label=None

)

)

return ciphertext

#      

def decrypt_message(ciphertext, private_key):

plaintext = private_key.decrypt(

ciphertext,

padding.OAEP(

mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption()),

algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption(),

label=None

)

)

return plaintext.decode()

#  

if __name__ == "__main__":

#   

private_key, public_key = generate_rsa_keys()

#  

original_message = "Hello, Bob!"

#  

encrypted_message = encrypt_message(original_message, public_key)

print(" :", encrypted_message.hex())

#  

decrypted_message = decrypt_message(encrypted_message, private_key)

print(" :", decrypted_message)

```

    :

1.    RSA (`generate_rsa_keys()`):

           `generate_private_key()`   `rsa`.   `public_exponent=65537`  `key_size=2048`     ,   RSA.

           `public_key()`.

2.   (`encrypt_message(message, public_key)`):

          .

   `encrypt()`    .       ,  ,    .

    ,    OAEP (Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding),     RSA.

3.   (`decrypt_message(ciphertext, private_key)`):

           .

   `decrypt()`    .       .

    ,      OAEP.

4.  :

    RSA.

   "Hello, Bob!".

      .

      .

      .

 ,          RSA,    :   .     ,     .

 ,          ,          .

       ,   SSL/TLS,       ,    -,    -    . ,     HTTPS  ,     ,     ,          .

  ,   AES  RSA,           .     ,    ,  ,      .                  .





        ,          ,   .              .

      VPN (  ),        ,     .   VPN              .

  VPN         .         (  )     ,      .

   VPN-     , :

1.               VPN.        ,    (  )  ,          .

      :

     VPN,     VPN   .        VPN,    ,     ,    .         VPN      .

       ,  VPN     VPN  .              VPN,     .

 VPN         ,    .       ,   ,     .

    VPN          .     ,    ,    ,          .  ,        VPN,      -.

         ,      . ,           .      ,                   VPN.

2.        ,          .       ,      ,     .

          ,          ,    (CA).          ,        .

      ,         .

 .           (CA).        ,  CA,       .            VPN.

 .         .        VPN.           .

 .  VPN,   ,   .        ,          .      ,    .

  .          .           ,            .            VPN-.

         ,        .            ,          .

 ,     ,                .           VPN    .

         ,        ,     (CA).     VPN        VPN,    .

 VPN    ,           CA      .      ,    .

          ,       .      ,      ,          .

3.      ,        -,    (, ),   -,    (,  ).   VPN  ,             .

             .     ,      ,     ,       .            ,         .

           .          ,      .              ,     .

    VPN-    ,           ,              .          ,        .

,     ,             VPN     .         .

     VPN,       ,      ,        .         ,           .

,         VPN   ,            .    VPN       ,           .

      ,           ,          ,    .             .

4.        ,      .   VPN     ,   ,              .

           . ,             .        VPN-   .

    VPN     ,       ,      . ,              .

 VPN          ,    .            ,  .       .

                    VPN.

5.            VPN.     ,          VPN-.         ,     .

        PAP (Password Authentication Protocol).         ,      VPN  .  PAP   ,        ,        .

      CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).   CHAP     (challenge),   .          ,       .     ,           .

      EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). EAP    ,     ,   EAP-TLS (EAP-Transport Layer Security), EAP-TTLS (EAP-Tunneled Transport Layer Security)  PEAP (Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol).       ,            .

   PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)          VPN,  Python   `pyrad`     RADIUS,       VPN:

```python

from pyrad.server import Server

from pyrad.dictionary import Dictionary

from pyrad import packet

#     VPN

class VPNAuthServer(Server):

def _HandleAuthPacket(self, pkt):

#        

username = pkt.get(1)

password = pkt.get(2)

#            

#      ,    

if username and password:

#    ,  ,    

reply = self.CreateReplyPacket(pkt, packet.AccessAccept)

else:

#   ,  ,    

reply = self.CreateReplyPacket(pkt, packet.AccessReject)

#   

self.SendReplyPacket(pkt.fd, reply)

#     VPN   

def main():

#    RADIUS

dict = Dictionary("/path/to/dictionary/file")

#    VPN,    

srv = VPNAuthServer(dict=dict, authport=1812)

#  

srv.Run()

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

```

    VPN,      ,    (  )   .      ,    ,   .

 `pyrad`  Python- RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service),     ,    (AAA)   ,  VPN.

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)     ,     ,       .    - ,       RADIUS   .

 `pyrad`   Python-,     RADIUS-  .    ,   RADIUS-      . `pyrad`     ,    VPN.

    `pyrad`      VPN,      ,    (  )   .         Access-Accept  Access-Reject.         ,   RADIUS.

`pyrad`    ,   PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol)  .         .

 , `pyrad`      ,   VPN,    RADIUS.             ,       ,    .

    Python,    CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)      VPN:

```python

from hashlib import md5

#    CHAP-    CHAP  

def generate_chap_response(password, challenge):

#     

concat = password + challenge

#  

hashed = md5(concat.encode()).hexdigest()

return hashed

#   CHAP

def main():

#  

password = "secret"

#    

challenge = "challenge123"

#  CHAP-   

chap_response = generate_chap_response(password, challenge)

#   CHAP-  

server_response = authenticate_with_server(chap_response)

#   

if server_response == "Access-Accept":

print(" .     .")

else:

print("  .    .")

#     CHAP-       

def authenticate_with_server(chap_response):

#          CHAP-       

#        

if chap_response == "5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592": #  CHAP-   "secret"  "challenge123"

return "Access-Accept"

else:

return "Access-Reject"

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

```

    :

1.      `md5`   `hashlib`,       MD5.

2.    `generate_chap_response(password, challenge)`,            .        ,       MD5,    .

3.  `main()`    .           ,    `generate_chap_response()`   CHAP-.     CHAP-    `authenticate_with_server()`,     .

4.  `authenticate_with_server(chap_response)`   CHAP-       .          CHAP-     .     ,     "Access-Accept",    ,      "Access-Reject".

5.  `main()`        .

        VPN   CHAP.  ,      VPN     ,        CHAP-    .

 EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol)     ,            .      Python,    EAP      VPN:

```python

#   EAP      VPN

def authenticate_with_server(username, password):

#             

#        

return True

def main():

#   

username = "user123"

password = "password123"

#     EAP

if authenticate_with_server(username, password):

print(" .     .")

else:

print("  .    .")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

```

        VPN    EAP.

1.   `main()`     (   ).

2.    ,   `authenticate_with_server(username, password)`.             .

3.     `authenticate_with_server()`    .      (   ),       `True`,   .

4.     ,      ,       .

          EAP,      `authenticate_with_server()`           VPN.

          .   ,     ,       .

       VPN-, ,         ,          .


2.2.     

 :           ,           .       ,       ,     ,    .                   .

       ,        ,   ,     .              ,          .    (DoS)       ,       .      (DDoS)   ,          .

       ,        ,         ,               .                  .

               VPN.  VPN          ,    ,    ,  , DoS  DDoS .

   VPN           . ,     VPN     ,        ,   .  ,               .

 ,            VPN         .  VPN            ,    Wi-Fi  ,        .

          :

1.  :

 :   ,   SSL/TLS, IPSec,      .

2.  :

 :      (, HMAC),         .

3.    (DoS):

 :       ,   ,    DoS      .

4.      (DDoS):

 :     ,   CDN (Content Delivery Network),    DDoS,      .

5.   :

 :    ,            .

6.   :

 :    ,         .

7.  :

 :    ,     ,      .

8. :

 :     ,      ,           .

    ,    ,     .



 :        ,          .       ,     , ,       . , ,          -,   ,         ,       .

      ,        ,            .      ,                  .

          ,         ,        .            (,   ,   )    (,   ,   ).

         VPN -         .   ,         VPN:



  

        VPN,            .  ,      ,       VPN.          -,    VPN-,           .

           ,         VPN   .      ,           .  ,           VPN.

         VPN    ,        ,      VPN-,        .                  VPN.

        .        ,   ,        ,           .             , ,         .

          ,        ,  URL-  ,      ,          -.                     .

     ,        ,        .                  .



    VPN

          ,      ,        .    VPN                . ,         VPN,     IT-,      .

      ,    VPN           .          ,             .

                .        ,       VPN    .



    VPN

 ,     ,        VPN.           ,   VPN,            . , ,    VPN   ,      ,       ,       .

        ,       ,             .             VPN,     .

       ,      .            ,       ,    .

    VPN:     VPN       ,      .           ,           .           ,      ,     ,       .

              VPN,     ,          VPN,    -    .      ,    VPN     ,        .

      ,                 .     VPN    ,           .

 ,            VPN        .



 

   ( )       ,          ,    .      ,  , ,    .    ,           .    ,   ,       .              .              .

 ,          .           ,       ,      ,       .          ,          .

               .     ,       ,          .         ,        .


2.3.     

   (VPN):    (VPN)   ,           ,   .      ,       .   VPN            VPN,        .

    VPN   ,              .              ,          .           .

        VPN,         .                VPN.             " ".

  VPN               ,    Wi-Fi  . VPN         ,         .

-  : -     ,          .         ,         IP- . -       ,      ,          .

     -         .    -  ,    ,      ,      .         -  ,       .

 , -         .     IP- ,          -  .       Wi-Fi       ,        .

  ,  ,  -            .       ,         .       ,          -  .

  -         ,   ,     .            .         ,          .

 ,        .                .      ,             .

         ,              .          ,            . ,      ,              .

     (IDS/IPS):      (IDS/IPS)       ,        .                , ,       .                .

   (IDS)     (IPS)     ,         . IDS       ,       ,     IPS             .

    IDS/IPS       ,       ,                 .                 .

     (IDS/IPS)         VPN.   ,        VPN:

1.  :      ,   VPN-,               . ,         ,       .

2.  :  IDS/IPS             .     ,             .

3.    : IDS/IPS    ,    ,   VPN-  .                  .

4.  :    IDS/IPS             VPN.                   .

    IDS/IPS    VPN     ,  ,      ,        .

 VPN              .     VPN   :

   :    VPN,  IP-  VPN,    ,    .

 VPN-:      VPN-   .   ,           .

  :    (, ,  )    VPN.   ,   IP-  VPN,      ,    .

  :        VPN. ,         ,   VPN,        .

 : ,            .    ,   DoS (  ), SYN      .

  :         VPN        .          .

       VPN            .

      iptables,    Linux,    VPN:

```bash

#   

iptables -F

iptables -X

#        

iptables -P INPUT DROP

iptables -P FORWARD DROP

iptables -P OUTPUT DROP

#       

iptables -A INPUT -m state state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

iptables -A OUTPUT -m state state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

#     loopback

iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

#    VPN (,   VPN    1194 UDP)

iptables -A INPUT -p udp dport 1194 -j ACCEPT

iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp sport 1194 -j ACCEPT

#              VPN.

#    

iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4

```

  iptables        VPN,        .     (1194)      VPN,   .  ,                 .

  VPN     Python     `iptables-python`,        iptables  Python.      Python   :

```python

import iptc

#   

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "INPUT")

chain.flush()

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "FORWARD")

chain.flush()

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "OUTPUT")

chain.flush()

#        

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "INPUT")

chain.set_policy(iptc.Policy.DROP)

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "FORWARD")

chain.set_policy(iptc.Policy.DROP)

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "OUTPUT")

chain.set_policy(iptc.Policy.DROP)

#       

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "INPUT")

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "OUTPUT")

rule = iptc.Rule()

rule.protocol = "tcp"

match = rule.create_match("state")

match.state = "RELATED,ESTABLISHED"

rule.target = iptc.Target(rule, "ACCEPT")

chain.insert_rule(rule)

#     loopback

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "INPUT")

rule = iptc.Rule()

rule.in_interface = "lo"

rule.target = iptc.Target(rule, "ACCEPT")

chain.insert_rule(rule)

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "OUTPUT")

rule = iptc.Rule()

rule.out_interface = "lo"

rule.target = iptc.Target(rule, "ACCEPT")

chain.insert_rule(rule)

#    VPN (,   VPN    1194 UDP)

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "INPUT")

rule = iptc.Rule()

rule.protocol = "udp"

rule.dport = "1194"

rule.target = iptc.Target(rule, "ACCEPT")

chain.insert_rule(rule)

chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER), "OUTPUT")

rule = iptc.Rule()

rule.protocol = "udp"

rule.sport = "1194"

rule.target = iptc.Target(rule, "ACCEPT")

chain.insert_rule(rule)

```

   Python   `iptables-python`      iptables.  ,         (,    `sudo`).  ,      Linux    `iptables`.

    Windows   Python     `pywin32`,     API Windows,         Windows Firewall.      Python     Windows:

```python

import win32com.client

#      Windows Firewall

fw_manager = win32com.client.Dispatch("HNetCfg.FwMgr")

#        

fw_policy = fw_manager.LocalPolicy.GetProfileByType(1) # 1    

fw_rules = fw_policy.Rules

#           1194 UDP  VPN

rule = win32com.client.Dispatch("HNetCfg.FWRule")

rule.Name = "Allow VPN"

rule.Description = "Allow inbound traffic on port 1194 for VPN"

rule.Protocol = 17 # UDP

rule.LocalPorts = "1194"

rule.Action = 1 # Allow

rule.Enabled = True

#      

fw_rules.Add(rule)

print("Firewall rule created successfully.")

```

            1194 UDP  VPN.  ,         (,    `Run as administrator`).  , ,       Windows   API Windows Firewall.

    iOS (iPhone, iPad)      Python,     .  iOS      -      Apple.

     iOS,       ,   .      "" > ""  "" > "Wi-Fi  " > "  "   .

              ,     ,         .

 ,        iOS    VPN,                     VPN.




   :

 (Encryption):               .

 (Decryption):             .

  (Encryption Algorithm):   ,       .

  (Encryption Key):  ,           .

  (Public Key):     ,        .

  (Private Key):      ,         .

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman):        ,    :   .

  (Digital Signature):  ,                 .

 (Hashing):         ,  ,     .

  (Digital Certificate):   ,        ,          ,   .

       ,  ,            .      ,      ,    .

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)     ,   ,    ,   .       VPN.

 RADIUS   ,      ,    RADIUS.    ,           .

        .   VPN           .

Access-Accept  Access-Reject    ,   RADIUS     . Access-Accept   ,  Access-Reject     .

     ,          .

     ,          .

     ,          , ,    .

     ,      ,    ,     .

                .






 3.  VPN   


         (VPN)   . VPN   ,       ,   .   ,   ,       .   VPN          .


3.1.  VPN   

Remote Access VPN (VPN  )

Remote Access VPN   ,              .   Remote Access VPN           ,    ,      ,     ,   .      ,        .

Remote Access VPN          ,      ,     .        ,  , -    .              .

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           ,      VPN    VPN-,  .        ,    .

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 Remote Access VPN   ,    ,     ,     .

 ,  Remote Access VPN             ,      ,       .



Site-to-Site VPN (VPN  )

Site-to-Site VPN,    Gateway-to-Gateway VPN,   ,                 ,   .   VPN          ,        ,        .

     Site-to-Site VPN    ,     ,       .      (gateways),          .

  ,        ,        .            ,   ,     ,    ,        .

 , Site-to-Site VPN          ,             ,   .          ,     .

 ,        -       ,   -  .           ,    Site-to-Site VPN.

      ,     ,        VPN-.            .

  ,   -         ,     -  ,     ,      .       -         -      VPN.

          ,     .  Site-to-Site VPN                 ,   .

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: Site-to-Site VPN        ,           .

:          ,     ,      -.

 :     ,          ,   ,      .

 : Site-to-Site VPN         ,      VPN-.

:

  :      -        Site-to-Site VPN.

 :    Site-to-Site VPN             .

  :        ,          .

  :        ,      ,      .



Intranet-based VPN ( VPN)




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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/chitat-onlayn/?art=70388320)  .

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