  .        (19912017)
 

 


 
            .            ,   ,     XX .   ,             ,   1991 .        ,    ,       ,                .         ?     ?    ,       ,          ?    -,      ,  , -, .    -,      ,  , , .     , ,  ,    .





 ,  ,  

  ..        (19912017)









 ,  ,  

  

       (19912017)







  



2024




Andrea Lanoux, Kelly Herold, Olga Bukhina

GROWING OUT OFCOMMUNISM

Russian Literature for Children and Teens (19912017)







BRILL SCH?NINGH

2022


 82-93(470+571)(091)1991/2017

 83.83(2)64

22

  

 .  CCLXII



   .

 ,  ,  

  :        (19912017) /  ,  ,  . .:   , 2024.

            .            ,   ,     XX .   ,             ,   1991 .        ,    ,       ,                .         ?     ?    ,       ,          ?    -,      ,  , -, .    -,      ,  , , .     , ,  ,    .





ISBN 978-5-4448-2369-9



 2022 by Brill Sch?ningh, Wollmarkstea?e 115, 33098 Padeborn, Germany, an imprint of the Brill-Group

 . ,   , 2024

 . ,  , 2024

 OOO   , 2024







                ,     ,   .                    .      ,    ,          .    ,     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     ,         .   ,        . . .   -,     .        -     -      ,      .

     ,         :  ,  ,   ,  ,     .          ;      .

 2012  2019               ,     (ASEEES),         (AATSEEL),    (ChLA)       -.     ,         ,    (ChEEER),       .    ,  ,  ,       ,            .



 :         ;         . . ,   ,    .      . .          ;  ,          ;   ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     ,         .      ,           ;  -  ,        ,      ;            -;              (CISLA)     .

    2013/2014     (    )  ,      ;     III   ,       ,   ,          .

     ,  ,   , ,    .        .



 :         ,  ,    ,          .     ,  ,      ,            .        ,     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,         .         ,             .       ,    ,           .    .      ,  ,      ,    -    .         ,           ,  ,     .      ,            young adult,         .                .       ,     .               .   ,     !



 :            .             ,           .        (19272022);              ;        .    : ,  (),    .               .               .






       ?


     1991         ,       ,  ,              .         :  I,  II,  ,  ,          ,     .   , ,         ,  ,      ,   .     , ,   ,    ,    ,     .             :    ,            ,     ? ,        , ,   ,    ,      ,   , , ,    .   ,  ,         ,   ,        ,           .

           ,        .            ,     .      ,       ,      ,         XVIII ,        XIX         XX [1 -            , ,    ,   ,   1920?  1930?     ,  ,   ,  ,    ,   ,   . .: Weld S. P. An Ecology of the Avant-Garde Picturebook. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018. P. 5. (    ,   . . .)].

                     ,      . ,    ,   :             .      ,  -,    ,   .        , , , , , , , , , ;               .

 ,       ,     .     ,   ,     ,    .           ,  ,  ,    -        .             ,    .   ,    ,     ,      ,         ,       .         ,         ,            .      ,       .        , , ,     ,     ,   1991 ,            .

                ,       1990?     ,    2000?  2010? .  1990?      ( -, ,   )   ,          ,    .        ,  , ,   ,   ,           ,        .          ,               ,     ,       .                 .     ,        .       ,        ,       , , , , ,  ,  .     ,   1991 , ,                ,       -   ,  ,       ,   .    ,       ,         .

     ,           1991           .      ,                  .   ,               ;   XX    ,        .         ,  ,    ,        ,        .  ,     1991 ,          ,     ,    .            :     ,          ,          .                 : -,     , -,    ,  -,   .  ,               .

,    ,           ,    .     ,              ,     - ( ),      ,            -       (    ).                       ,           .   ,  ,     ,   ,     ,                2011     ,     [2 -              ,         2011 .].          ,      , , ,     .         ,  -     ,       (    ,       ),         ,     -,            -.

       ,         .            ,       : -,  ,   ,                 , -,      ,      ,               ,  -,   ,      ,            ,   ,           .       ,         ,         ,        ,      .    ,       ,    ,                  . , ,   ,    ,      ,       .

     ,    ,     ,                  .           ,           . , , ,             ,  ,             ,                 .    ,                                .           ,   ,  ,  ,   ,      . ,      ,        ,          ,     .

    ,      ,       ,    ,   :  ,     (, ,    ).   ,                      ,         .          ,               [3 -     :    (1979)             ,     ,      -       ,   .].      ,          : 1)    ,       ; 2)                ; 3)       ,             .

        ,            ,   ,     ,       . ,    ,       ,            ,      ,      .          ,  ,                .     ,     ,      :    ,       ;           .

          ,     ,    , ,     ,    ,      ,          .  ,     ,    ,       ,  ,            .            ,         ,      .      ,               . ,       ,               .

                  1991       .   ,    ,            .       1990? ,          ,     ,       ,        .     1990?  ,                ,      ,  ,        ,     ,    . ,       ,            :        ,     ,      ,     , .               ,           [4 -   ,   Ļ     ,      ,      ,            XIX ,    ,        .].           ,   young adult,      ,           .     ,     XIX ,                   [5 -    ?   ?,        1860? ,        ? (1863)     ? (1866),         ,   1990?  2000? .].

                 1920? .     ,  ,    ,                 .   1920?    1990?      ,                 .          ,     .  1920?  ,        ,    ,    1990?   2000? ,       ,     ,  ,     .   1920?     ,        ,  ,    1990?,            ;     , ,          [6 -        :      .      ,         .       ,    tabula rasa,            (Balina M. Its Grand to Be an Orphan! Crafting Happy Citizens in Soviet Childrens Literature of the 1920s // Petrified Utopia: Happiness Soviet Style / Eds. M. Balina, E. Dobrenko. London: Anthem Press, 2009. P. 103).].        ,                  .

             ,      ,    .                .              ;          .    ,      ,           .  ,           ,      ,  .          ,        :     ,    ,     .             ;          .   ,   1991 , -    ,      ,        .    1990?          ,         -       .          ,     ,   1991 ,     ,       -         ,       .

          , ,   ,       :  ,       ,   ,      .         ,  ,     1991 ,          . ,    ,    ,        ,        .          ,     ,     ,      ,  ,          -  ,       .

       ,     ,      ,      .    ,   ,         ,    ,     ,           .       ,  -         ,   ,      ,      .   ,     , ,      ,          ,    ,     ,    (        ),    ,          .               ,          . ,  ,    ,                  .

           ,          ,        ,             .          ,              ,     .  ,      ,   ,         ,        ,          ,       ,        ,        ,       .

      ;            ,      -         .       ,    , ,   .     ,     1991 ,     ,             .                        ,            ,       .   ,             ,        ,          ,     .                            ,       ,   ,      [7 -         ,  6.2,     -,        11  2013       30    .].     ,             -       .

                    ,          .       ,     .     2013       :    ,    2019             [8 - Hellman B. Fairy Tales and True Stories: The History of Russian Literature for Children and Young People (15742010). Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013 (      :  .   :     / . . . . .:   , 2016); A Companion to Soviet Childrens Literature and Film / Ed. O. Voronina. Leiden: Brill, 2019.].  , ,                    ,  ,  ,    ,      .           ( )           1991  ( )      ,   1990?  2000?  ( ). ,    ,       1991  ( ),          ( )      ,    ,     -       ( ).

      ;        .      ,    :      ,   ,        .           ,        :   -    ,   ,     ,      ,         .    ,                  , -  .      , ,   ,                   ,      .




 

    



,    , ,      ,      , ,    , , ,            [9 -  . 100   :   . .: , 1987. . 5.].

 . 100   

          ,       [10 - Berger P. L., Luckmann T. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Doubleday, 1967. P. 142.].

 ,  .   

   ,    ,      ,    ,   1917  1991 .       ,         ,    ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    ,   .  1991       1800         200 000 ;      350  400    [11 - .:   (19801991 .):   /   . .:   , 19801991.     ,   ,    1935    ;  1991        .].                ,      ,  ,                     ,            .

                ,        .          ,    .          ,    ;      ,         ,    ,     .          ,              ,     [12 -             ,  ,     ,    1967 .         .].        ,   , ,     ,     ,                .      ,                   .             ;        [13 -    :     ( . . , . , . . .:   , 2008)         ,   ,   ,     -,  ()  .].        ,        ,      .                  ,   ,  ,        ,    .             ,     ,    .        ,         (        )  .            ,    ,    ,  ,        ,   [14 - ., : ODell F. Socialisation Through Childrens Literature: The Soviet Example. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.].    ,  -,            ,  ,  ,  ,     ,          ,         .       ,       ,       ,   ,  ,          . ,                   ,       .

       ,           ,        ,  ,        .         ,        ,     [15 - .:  .   :      //  :      (1920?1930? .) /  . . . , . . . .: , 2013; ODell. Op. cit. P. 5657; Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature 19201935: Beautiful Books, Terrible Times / Eds. J. Rothenstein, O. Budashevskaya. London: Redstone Press, 2013.              Soviet Era Books for Children and Youth: https://dpul.princeton.edu/cotsen/browse/soviet-era-books-for-children-and-youth (  31.07.2023).].  ,     ,       :       ,     ,        .                 ,          ,         ,        [16 -          , ,   ,       1960?  ,    ,       .     ,          . .: Lovell S. The Russian Reading Revolution: Print Culture in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras. Basingstoke; London: Routledge, 2000.].

   , ,    ,  ,    ,      ,    1991 .  ,    ,          ,    .          ,           ,    ,       .         , ,       ,  ,           ,       .    ,     ,  ,   , ,                        .         :     ,        ,                        ,      .

        -, ,       ,       ,       ,   .   ,    黠     ;                     [17 -        ,          . .: Barker A. M. Ch. 2: The Culture Factory: Theorizing the Popular in the Old and New Russia // Consuming Russia: Popular Culture, Sex, and Society since Gorbachev / Ed. A. M. Barker. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999. P. 19.].     ,          ,      , ,  ,     .        , , ,     ,           ,        ,     .

            [18 -                    .        ,  , ,  ,        ,           ,    . .: Balina M. Creativity through Restraint: The Beginnings of Soviet Childrens Literature // Russian Childrens Literature and Culture / Eds. M. Balina, L. Rudova. New York: Routledge, 2013. P. 9, 1415.  ,   ,           ,     ,    ,     .].          ,          .    , , ,           [19 -     , -, :  . .,  . .  . 9? . .: , 2013;  . .  . 2? . .: , 2009; -, :  .   . .: , 1960;  .,  . , :      . .:  , 1989. -            : Russian Childrens Literature and Culture / Eds. M. Balina, L. Rudova. New York: Routledge, 2008; Politicizing Magic: An Anthology of Russian and Soviet Fairy Tales / Eds. M. Balina, H. Goscilo, M. Lipovetsky. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2005; ODell F. Socialisation Through Childrens Literature: The Soviet Example. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978; Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature 19201935: Beautiful Books, Terrible Times / Eds. J. Rothenstein, O. Budashevskaya. London: Redstone Press, 2013; Hellman B. Fairy Tales and True Stories: The History of Russian Literature for Children and Young People, 15742010. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013. . :  .   :     / . . . . .:   , 2016.].         ,       [20 - .:   , ,          : Hellman B. Russian Childrens Literature // International Companion Encyclopedia of Childrens Literature. Vol. 2. 2


 ed. /Ed. P. Hunt. New York: Routledge, 2004. P. 11741183.          XVIII                       .].            ,    ,      .             ,            .                    ,   1991 ,         .




 


   ,      ,       ,  ,              1990? .   ,    ,      1930?,       ,    ,    [21 -  ,            1930?    1986 . .: Lovell. Op. cit. P. 56.].             ,    .        :       .          ;   ,                          [22 -         1921 :            ,      .  .     .  ,   ,    .    ,   . ,       .      (Maguire R. A. Red Virgin Soil: Soviet Literature in the 1920s. 3


 ed. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2000. P. 3).].

  1920?       , ,         .                   ,           XIX [23 -  ,  1851       . .: Lovell. Op. cit. P. 23.].        ,    :     ,     .      [24 -   .     :    ,   ,    ,         (Ibid).].  ,  ,          ,   1920?        [25 - Ibid. P. 32. . : Grenoble L. Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Dordrecht: Springer, 2003; Clark C. Uprooting Otherness: The Literacy Campaign in NEP-Era Russia. Selinsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press, 2000.].    ,       ,    -,    ;        ,   ,   ,   lingua franca    [26 -          . .: Suny R. The Contradictions of Identity: Being Soviet and National in the USSR and After // Soviet and Post-Soviet Identities / Eds. M. Bassin, C. Kelly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. P. 1736.].             ,       .

              ,         1918 [27 - Lovell. Op. cit. P. 27.          .  ,        ,  ,    .].  1920?    1950?        ,      [28 -  1960? ,      ,        . .: Ibid. . 5556, 6667.].   1930? ,  ,       ,          ,      [29 -    ()        1876 . .:     //     . https://metodisty.rgdb.ru/05/history (  31.07.2023).].            ,   ,  ,      ,   [30 - Β      22  1958 , ,                ,             . .: ODell. Op. cit. P. 60.].         ,            [31 -       ,       . .   -,          . -          ,              ,       .].                         .

          ,    ,          [32 -   1974  ,                      . .: ODell. Op. cit. P. 64.].      ,       ;          ,    ,   .

,                 ,    1920?       ,    .   (),   1919 ,       59    ,    [33 -  ,                  .   1921            ,       . .: Lovell. Op. cit. P. 27.].   ,       ;                  [34 -      ,      ,       1922   19251927 . .: Lovell. Op. cit. P. 35.].                  ,      ,      , ,  ,       .   1920?         [35 - Ibid.].

  1919         -     ;                [36 - ODell. Op. cit. P. 54.].        , 1920?           .      18  1925           ,     [37 - Brooks J. Thank You, Comrade Stalin! Soviet Public Culture from Revolution to the Cold War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. P. 30.].        ,       ,                     .   ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,        ,                .   ,  ,    ,        ,        , ,   ,      [38 - ODell. Op. cit. P. 5657.].                ;              [39 - . . . . 280.].       :    ,         ,   1928        1930     ()             .

     1930?    ,  ,    ;  1932        .      ,    ,     :  ,    ,        [40 - Hosking G. The Institutionalisation of Soviet Literature // Perspectives on Literature and Society in Eastern and Western Europe / Eds. G. Hosking, G. Cushing. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, 1989. P. 61.].              ,       ,    ,    ,  ,            .        ,     [41 - Ibid.].         ;           .                    ,       [42 -  ,        ,      1930? ,         .].

       ,    .  1979   206  7270   ;     ,      [43 - ODell. Op. cit. P. 55. . : Morse A. Word Play: Experimental Poetry and Soviet Childrens Literature. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2021. P. 8485, 8889, 91.].      1932              ,        .      ,     ,           [44 - Clark K. The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual. 3


 ed. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2000.].                      .             1940        ,     ,            .    ,  ,    ,    .       ; ,            ,      ,   ,   .           ,          ,      .

          1933      ,     ,            .  1936        ,      .       ,   ,  ,     [45 - ODell. Op. cit. P. 7374.         ,  , ,  ,   .].    ,   ,      .  1963        .       1992 ,      .   1970?       150  ,   ,   ,         [46 - ODell. Op. cit. P. 55.    ,  1932  2004 ,        ໠ ,         :   (),  1932   1941 ,   ,     ;   (), 19501966, ,    ;   (), 19662004,               ; .       .           ,     .].  1970?                  [47 - Ibid. P. 7173.].

  ,        ,  ,  ,               .                             ,   ,      .   ,        ,                 .           , , ,  ,    1960?      .      ,     ,   ,    ,         ,       [48 - Ibid. P. 76113.].      .         , , , ,  ,  , .    .           ,     1991           .

     ,      .       ,          ;        ,   1918 ,            [49 - Brooks. Op. cit. P. 4.].      ,   , ,       [50 - Ibid. P. 108.  1926       .  1934          (  ),        .].  ,     ,        ;    ,       ,           [][51 - Kelly C. Childrens World: Growing Up in Russia, 18901991. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007. P. 139.].       ,      [52 - Ibid. P. 115.].          ,     , ,     ,     [53 - Ibid. P. 138.].

    ,     ,       ,   ,   .     ,     ,       ,        ,           .                      ,        .    1936                      :          ,  ,  ,     ,      .          .      (1960):



   ,           , ,         .

  ,          ,    ,    .                  ,         . []  ,      -            ,             ,    .

 ,    ,  ,                     .       .   ,     ,     ,                [54 -  .  :     . .: . , 1960. . 34.].


 ,                    ,            .  --          ,     .           ,     ,    ,         ,        ,  , .         ,     ,        :               [55 -    ,    ,    ,   -              . ,      . ,        .  ,    , ,        ,   ,        . ,        (Fanger D. Gorkys Tolstoy and Other Reminiscences: Key Writings by and about Maxim Gorky. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008. P. 6).].

      ,       ,       ,       .       ,   1991       1990?,     ,      -,   ,     ,      ,    .         ,       ,    ,      ,    ,       ,    .




    


              .    :        ;      ;        ;       ,       ,      . ,         :         ,       .         ;     ,       XVIII [56 -            ,        ;               (Wellek R., Warren A. Theory of Literature. 3


 ed. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1977. P. 230; . :  .,  .   / . . . , . , . . .: , 1978. . 247).].           ,        ,  ,   ,       [57 -  . . 243.].   ,    ,      ,    -,   ,       [58 - Prokhorov A., Prokhorova E. Film and Television Genres of the Late Soviet Era. New York: Bloomsbury, 2017. P. 2.       ,             .].       ,    ,           .

       : -, , ,           ,   - [59 - . . . . 252255.                .  1950?       2009     ,    ,        .                ,  ,      .].  ,    ,      ,        ,  ,  ,     .        ,    ,   ,     ,   ,     ,             .

      ,        ,    ,       , ,  [60 -  .     //  . . .:  7 . . 3. .:   , 2012.].        ,                 .   ,         ,           ,         ,   .          :  ,     ,   ,   ,     .  ,        ,  -      .      ,         ,    ,     ,   -, ,  ,   ,   -    -     .

     ,     ,       ,     ,     . ,       :          .   1574         ;       - (1634),   (1679)    (1694)[61 - . . . . 89.].              ,          -.  ,          XIX ,  ,                ,      .      ,          ;  ,      -.

     -   ,     ,   ,   .     ,      ,       (IBBY),      ,   1969       1976?[62 -        1956 ;           ,                  .].       ,             ,    ,   -[63 - . . . . 16.  : -     ,      ,    ,         .].

  -     ,  1920?             .  -       ,         [64 - .:  .   -, 19001941. .:   XXI , 2005; Steiner E. Stories for Little Comrades: Revolutionary Artists and the Making of Early Soviet Childrens Books. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999;  .   .       . .:   , 2019; The Pedagogy of Images: Depicting Communism for Children / Eds. M. Balina, S. Oushakine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2021;     Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature 19201935       ,      ,   .    , ,       (),       - (),        -    .].  - 1920?        ;          .      ,       ,    ,  ,  -    ,    .       ,     (18911967),   (18881963),   (19001973),   (19001973)    (19011965),      1920? .        ,   ,      .

        ,       .  1920?    ,                    ,      [65 -  1924          ,             (: Balina. Creativity through Restraint. P. 7; Lovell. Op. cit. P. 28).         , ,        ,    (.: . . . . 277).     ,      ,    ,     ,            (.: . . . . 329330).].   ,     ,  .     1919       .  ,      ,     [66 - . . . . 327.].   ,     ,   ,        [67 - ,   (.: Balina. Creativity through Restraint. P. 7).].  ,    1920? ,         .          ,       ,    XIX  -     [68 -  ,        Politicizing Magic (2005)     , ,     ,  ,   .]. ,    ,      ,        ,     ,       ,  ,          -.   ,   ,   л        ,       (18831945),   (19041941),   (19031979)    (18791950),     [69 -   (18961958)              :   (1934),   (1936),  (1938),   (1938)  ;      ,   (1944)    (1954).].           ,  ,        ,      .  1987              :



    -. []    ,  ,    ,     ,     . []           .       :      ,            ,   [70 - . . . . 91.].


   , , ,  ,   (   )    ,      .     ,       ,  ,       ,            [71 -  . . 9697.  ,      ,    ,   , ,        ,  , ,    ,        .      ,      (.: . . . . 26).   ,         1920? ,      .].      ,             ,      :       ,     [72 -   ,                   ,                 (Goscilo H. Introduction // Politicizing Magic. P. 67. .         (Balina M. Introduction // Ibid. P. 108109, 113).].  ,                ,          [73 - . . . . 9697.].

   ,       , ,   ,        .   ,   ,           ,           [74 -          (1916),  (1921),  (1923), - (1924),  (1926)   (1929),     .].        ,         30     [75 - .:  л  1990 .].       ,        ,   ,    (18821969),   (18871964),   (19061981),   (19132009)    (19281998).  ,        ,       (18931930)      ()   (19041941)    (  , 19051942). ,      ,      [76 -         ƻ ( ), ƻ (  )   ?       .              ;  1991              .].

          .               XVIII ,           .              ,  ,    .       ,         .   ,     ,      ,      ,   , ,       [77 - Wachtel A. Remaining Relevant after Communism: The Role of the Writer in Eastern Europe. Chicago: University Chicago Press, 2006. P. 4.].              ;             .             (  )   ;                       [78 -            ,      , , , , .          ,   , .:    :     (1993),        .].            , , ,       .  , ,            ,         [79 -          ,    (. . . . 40).].            ,              [80 -    ,          ( . . 31).].

           ,       ,   , ,      .  ,       ,      ,             [81 -    100              .             .                 ,    .].   ,        ,       ,  ,           .    1987     ,        :



   ,       ,   ,    . 1  7                  ,    ,     ,  .           ,         [82 - . . . . 33.].


             :           ,        .   ,  ,       ,   :   ,         , ,         .  ,     ,   ?     ,       .             ,     ,      ,         ,   [83 -    ,          ,     ,       , ,      ,   ,  , ,  .              (.:  . . 58).].       ,                 ,     .

          ,         ,      ,         .        ,            .  ,     ,   ,       ,  , , [84 - . . . . 130.].            .       ,  ,  ,     . ,   1905    1917      ,              [85 -   1917     , ,  :   (1923)  , - (19251926)  ,   (1924)  ,     (1926)  ,      . . . (1926)   (1930) (.: . . . . 312314).].

             ,   1920? ,         ,          .        1930?          .          ,     (1936)     (1939),        (1940).             -,       ;        ,     ,      .

 XIX   ,           ,  XX      .              ,            .                 :  (1883)  ,     (1900)  ,    (1920)    - (1926) . . .       ,    (1936)  ,    (1939)  ,   (1929)     - (1958)      ,        [86 -              : Haber . Is Magic Land Oz? Volkov and the Question of Originality //  . 2014. 6 (2). . 255268,     : Haber E. Oz behind the Iron Curtain: Aleksandr Volkov and His Magic Land Series. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2017. . :  .      / . . . . .:   , 2023.].           ,        [87 -    ,   1930?     ,     ,    .    ,           .         ,            .     ,      (. . . . 388).                  ,  XVIII .].         ,     ,                  ,      ,    .

                 .    .     :      -   .         ;          ,   :    ,    ,    [88 -  .].       ,        , ,   ,    [89 -  .].          ,    ,   ,   ,       [90 - Haber. Is Magic Land Oz? P. 257258.   .  (2008), .  (1995)  .  (19961997).].

    ໠     ,     ,        ,   ,      ,        .    ,   ,     , ,               ;       [91 -  .       :     //  . . 960;  . :    //  . . 125180.].      ,     ,   ,       ,   , , ,      . ,            :  , ,  ,  ,    ,       ,      .   ,     ,    ,   ,   ,    ,               .                :        .

         ,        [92 -     .: . . . . 410416;  .     (     ) //   . 189230.].     (Bildungsroman),      ,     ,    .   ,             ,       .       ,  ,   ,       [93 - . . . . 410.].    (1949)  ,       (1951)  ,      (19491952)          . ,           ,   [94 -  ,    ,      ,                 (. . . . 412413).].

           ,   1991 ,           ,  ,         .                    191  ( 12 )  1610   ,   1991 .    (1419,   88 )    ,     [95 - .         ,               .].    ,       1991 .      , -      ,    .    ,    ,   ,                   .    ,      (18821938)    (18941959),     ,   ,  -   ;            .             -,        (     ,  );          .

  ,      ,              :  ,         XX ,       .       , -,        ,    ,   ,      young adult[96 -       ,        , ,    ,    .   ,   1963 ,    ,  , ,      ;    ,         ,        (.  ODell. Op. cit. P. 19).].           -,     (19381940)  ,   ,      (1939)         (19561961)  ,       ,         young adult,       [97 -   ,    1942       (Maureen Daly. Seventeenth Summer)     young adult      ,    XVIII .].         ,    , , , , , ,     ;            :   ,   ,     [98 -            ,        ,         .     ,     (,     ),   ,         ,        .].          ,      ,            ,      [99 - ,   young adult        , .     ,    ,  ,  ,             ,       ,         .         .].         :      ,    ,      ,    ;       ,       .

                  .            (1966)       .    ,      ,       ,     ,    ;              [100 -      :  .,  .   :     / . . . . .: , 1995.  . 210212.].      ,            .



      ,         .            ,      .  ,     ,  ,           ;   ,   ,    [101 -  . . 214215.].


         ,       ,     [102 -  .,  .   . . 220224.].       ,      , ,    ,     [103 -       ,            ( . . 229).].      ,        ,   .  ,             ,         [104 -  . . 228.].

      ,  ,           ,  ,       ,    .      (, , , )           ,                  (,   ,           ).               ,         .   ,         ,   1920  ,             [105 -  .,  .   (1920). . : Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature. P. 31.].        , , ,   ,     ,      .    ,   ?     ,           ,         .          ,           .




    


          ,           ,   ,         1991       .      , ,          ,      .      ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,            .     ,   1910?  1930? :  ,  ,  ,               , ,    ,     .      ,    ,       ,     .                .

     2004     :         ,      ,      [106 - Booker C. The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories. London; New York: Continuum, 2004. P. 6.].      XXI         ,        ,    .   ,               ,            ,          [107 - .: Clark. The Soviet Novel.].

     ,          : 1)   , 2)    , 3) -, 4)   , 5) , 6)  7) [108 - Booker. Op. cit. Ch. 112. . 17228.].         ,         ,   ,      . ,   ,     , ,  ,           ,       ,    ,   ,      ,       ,      ,      .      : ,     ,         ,  , ,  ,  , -  .  ,   ,      ,    [109 - Ibid. P. 45.].   ,    ,  ,      (   ),   (-),  ,  ,       (),     ()[110 - Ibid.].

             : 1)  , 2)   , 3)  , 4)  , 5)  , 6)    7)  .        ,        . ,    ,      ,        .          ,      .    ,   ;     ,      ,   .                       [111 - .:  .  ,    :       // .: , 2016. . 111118.].

      ,    ,  -     (1923);                      .      ,       .     ,   , ,   ,    .     ,  ,      XIX ,                  ,     2012 [112 -              2012 .         : - (. . , 1926);    ( , 1939);    ( , 1884);   ( , 1844);   ( , 1944,   1946 );   ( , 1847);   (  , 1883);    ( , 1922);    (  , 1892);    ( , 1923). .    : https://pgbooks.ru/archive/blog/life_with_kids/boris-akunin-spisok-dlya-malchikov/ (  31.07.2023).].                , ,        .             ,          .

 ,   ,           .    ,     ,  .           ,       ,  ,           ,      .      :    ,   ,              .                   .   , ,        ,              .        ,   ,   ,           .       ,  ,      ,   .             ,        XIX   :         ,  ,    .             :      ,    .    ,    ,      ,    .   ,        ,   ,           .      ,      .   :   ,        ,    ,         ,    ,   ,  .

             ,    ,       .  Ļ (1927)         (1931)             ,          .          ,          .          ;      ,  .     (,    ,   )               .   , ,           ;      ,          .     (1921)  ,   (19581964)    ,   (1963)      ,     . ,        ,   ,      -  ,   ,       ,      .    :    ,   ,   ,       ,        .

  ,  ,    ,     ,  ,    .         (1931)  ,       ,   ,   .     ,     , ,   .  ,         -           ,     .       ;      ,          .

 ,    ,     ,         .  ,     ,       ,      .           -,     ,  ,        ,   .       ( ,    ,  -    1935     );     ,            ( ,  ).       ,       , ,     . ,           ,   ,   .

      .                .       ,      26   ,        ,  872 .           (1943)  ,   (1945)  ,      (19471951)  .         (1957)           (1962).

 ,   ,    1950?    1968 ,       ,   .     ,  ,         .         . . ,     1965      -  --,         (1966)   ,    (1972),          (1975),      .         ,     ,          .       .      ,   ,   ,             ,     ,    [113 - .: Fishzon A. The Queer Legacies of Socialism, or What Cheburashka and Gary Shteyngart have in Common // A Companion to Soviet Childrens Literature and Film / Ed. O. Voronina. Leiden: Brill, 2019. P. 440473.].

      ,        ,           .         ,         .   ,          ,     ,    ,     [114 - Nikolajeva M. Power, Voice and Subjectivity for Young Readers. New York and London: Routledge, 2010. P. 203.].          ,     ,          . ,         ,           ( ),  -  ,            [115 - ODell. Op. cit. P. 98.             :      ,               ,       ,       .     ,        .             ,         ;    ,           (Ibid. P. 155156).].           ,   ,   ,  , ,   ,         [116 - Nikolajeva. Op. cit. P. 204.].  ,                  ,        ,               .







    1991      ,      (       ),        ,           ,    .  ,                    ,             ,     .      1990? ,     ,           ,    ,       . ,    ,     ,     , ,      [117 -                         . 90  ,   2009 , ,    ,  42  ,        , .:  .        :  . .: - . -   , 2009. . 19.  ,    ,    ,   ,     ,   ,   ,       , ,      (. 16).].          .

              .       ,   ,       .    ,     ,          ,           ,  ,           [118 -       ,       ,  ,      . ., :  . .  100   ,       //  . https://slovesnik.org/chto-chitat/letnee-chtenie/perechen-100-knig-po-istorii-kulture-i-literature-narodov-rossijskoj-federatsii.html (  31.07.2023).].           ,   ,    ,          ,    . ,       ,  ,      ,  ,       .    ,     ,   1991 , ,        ,   ,  ,      ,   .          ,           ;         ,       .




 

       1991 



 ,   .

 .    

      ,     ,     ,  ,   ,   , ,       .        1990?      2000? ,          .       ,  ,   ,        , - ,      .     ,     XXI    ,      ,    ,   .

    ,     ,    ,    ,    .   1980?   1990?   ,                   .              ,        .                 ,      .      ,     ,         ,  ,   .   2000?        ,        ,      ,      .   ,     XXI ,      ,        .                  .            ,                   .

           ,             .         .               ,           .   1990?     ,          .     ,  ,       ,       [119 -                      1990?.].  , ,      1990? ,     : ,      ,   -   .          ,   ,    .      :           ,    ,   Hello Kitty.         :          .                         [120 -  1991  ,  ,   -          .  ,           .].  ,      ,      ,       .

          1990?  2000?    [121 - .  II.].  1980      1853         218 600 .  1990 ,    ,  ,       (1706)      175 700 .  1990?       ,   ,     .     ,                .  2000        :     4123     (     ,   1990 ),      17 300 .  ,   XX             ,          ,      .   XXI          ,   .




     


          1980? ,        [122 -            .       ,      ,    .      ,     . 19  1986          ,          .].  1987      ,                        1920? [123 - 5 1987               ,  26  1988        л,       ,     ;       ,  .].    ,      ,      ,   ,     ,          .   ,           ,                    -   .      ,     ,     ,   [124 -  -            :      ,     ,         .        ,    1990?    .].           ,         [125 -     -,      : Simon & Schuster / CBS, HarperCollins, Bertelsmann, Hachette, Penguin Books (   Penguin Random House), Egmont Disney.].     ,    , ,   ,      ( , ,   ),         [126 -        ,       ,   1990?     ,     ,   , -   .].        2010? ,   ,   2012    45   ,      .     1989 ,   1990?[127 -     1990 ,   2012    22   .  ,   1989   ,    ,  2012     ,  ,  , .: Tan T. Publishing In Russia 2012: Publishers in a Changing Industry // Publishers Weekly. March 30, 2012. https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/international-book-news/article/51281-publishing-in-russia-2012-publishers-in-a-changing-industry.htm (  31.07.2023).  2013    , ,   ,  ,      ;     40   , .: Global Publishing Leaders 2014: EksmoAST // Publishers Weekly. June 27, 2014. https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/63047-global-publishing-leaders-2014-eksmo-ast.html (  31.07.2023).].       1980?         ,             XXI      1990?.

        XX , ,     ,       ,           ,        .                  . , ,   ,    ,   Warner Brothers       ,        ,      Warner Brothers[128 -  2015           ,         ,    ,        ,          .].            ,  ,             .      ,         1992      1990?,   .     ,   ,    Hello Kitty.   ,  2019     ,         .      ,    ,      ,  ,   ,  ,    .            60     [129 -  2015      60            ,                  .  ,    ,     2015     ,        20    .   ,     ,           . .: Bazenkova A. Danish Publisher Quits Russian Magazine Business Due to Media Ownership Law // The Moscow Times. Oct. 5, 2015. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2015/10/05/danish-publisher-quits-russian-magazine-business-due-to-media-ownership-law-a50070 (  31.07.2023).].

 , ,         1990?       ;      ,             1989        ,         [130 -        : https://detlit.ru/izdatelstvo-detskaya-literatura/ (  31.07.2023).].   1933 ,         8    168    ,          [131 - .  ,  : https://detgiz.spb.ru/ob-izdatelstve/ (  31.07.2023).].         ,                ,   , , ,       .  1991       :      ,  -     ,         ,     [132 -    -      ,        ,        .].           ;    2000?         .   ,     ,     -.   ,   ,       , ,   ,    .

1990?              ;        ,  . ,      ,            1990?               .      ,           ,     . ,   ,             -         .            :         ,   Disney, Sanrio, Fox, Warner Brothers, Hasbro, Mattel  DC Comics[133 - Tan T. A Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers // Publishers Weekly. April 4, 2011. https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/international-book-news/article/46715-a-young-and-very-ambitious-group-of-publishers.html (  31.07.2023).].       ,           .        2012 ,     



         ,         , []             [134 -  .].


            ,     -[135 -  .].   ,       2013 ,       .

  , ,      [136 -        20122016   . .:   . .:  , 2017.].      ,          ,    .     : ,   -. ,   ,       ,   ,     ,         ,  ,  [137 -   ,      .   ,           , ,    ,     (.: Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers).   2011   ,      ,      2012            .  2012    99  ,    2011?   102,7 ,   2010?  132  (.:   . .:  , 2012. . 9).].

 2014       ,    ,      .               ;  -    ,   1992         [138 -      .  ,      ,  2012         .  2016                (.      20122016 ).].           ,     , ,   ,  [139 - .   : http://rosman.ru/about/ (  31.07.2023).].    ,        ,     ,   ,       .  1990? ,       ,      ,         ,     ,  ,  ,  Tonka. ,      ,     ?    [140 - Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.].  1990?         ,        .   ,  1992?  1995-,  90    ;   2010?      ,   [141 -  .].   ,     ,  ,      [142 -  .].                ,          ;       Scholastic.

       , һ    ,          ,    [143 - -50.   2016 . .:    / -, 2017.          ()    ().].       -,     1990? .     : , ,   ;   ,   ,      .      -  ,          ,     ,        [144 - .:  :    // . 2011. 9. https://daily.afisha.ru/archive/vozduh/archive/8603/ (  31.07.2923).].          ,    ,     :



      ,       -,  -   .          ,    ,      [145 - Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.].


-   ,   ;        33     [146 -  2010  44    -   . .: Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.].     ,             ,        [147 -      (20.10.2011).].   -,       ,       ,  ,         [148 -  2010       9000   ;   -   1500  .   ,      1000   (Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers).].

     ,     2000 ,   ,    ,    [149 -            ,      .]. ,   1990?       Harlequin,                ;             . -,   ,     1990?,      .         60  40  ,  -,     ,    ,         ,    young adult.  ,        ; 2010             ,          ,       [150 -  ,  -,            2015      2016 . .: -50.   2016 . .:    / -, 2017. . :  8. 100 ,        2015 . .:    / -, 2016.].  2000?  ,   ,          , -    [151 -   ,  ,   ,    BookBrunch           :       ,        .        ,   ,     50       -.     ,    ,   80.  ,  ,     ,        ;    . []             ,      .                 (Van Lear E. London Fair Dealer feature: A Russian riddle // BookBrunch. April 26, 2011. http://www.bookbrunch.co.uk/page/free-article/london-fair-dealer-feature-a-russian-riddle/ (  31.07.2023)).].      ,       ,   , ,    һ  ,        ,     [152 -     ,     :               (.   : https://ripol.ru/about/about-publisher/ (  31.07.2023)).].

  1990?            ,   .          ,  ,        . ,    :     ,  ,   ,     1990 .  1990    1706       300  ; 2000       4123,      71  [153 - .:  II,  2.].       ?     ;   1990     226 800 ,   2000            17 220.  ,          (    ),     .           ,     ,               .          ,   .            ,  1990?        ,    :      .

                   ;         ,         ,   1990  2000 .            ,  ,         ,      [154 - .: Lovell S. The Russian Reading Revolution: Print Culture in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras. Basingstoke and London: Routledge, 2000.                .].       ,            ,       300?   .         ,   ,   1990?            :    (     )     (      ).  ,   1990?   ,    ,             ,  , , , - ,       .  ,              ,        .




       


       ,            ,      2003 .   2000? , , -      ,    ,   ,    ,   ,   .   2003          ,    -       [155 -  2010              ; ,       .].     ,   ,     ,    .  ,    , ,    2000?      . ,   1990?   , , ,     2000 ,



    ,     ,    ,                  -       ,           [156 -      (24.06.2015).  ,           .   ,     ,           .              .].


 ,   ,           ,      .                 .  ,            , ,   (Albus Corvus),   , , , , Ի (     ,   );     ,    .     : ,     .

    ,   2000  2005 ,   ໠ ,     .    2003         .      ,     ,  , ,   ,         :     .              :



 2003        ,     . ,         ,   2000?      ,     ,        ;   - ( ,  ),  ,   [157 -  .].


      ,        2000? ,     :



     (     1990?  )  ,            .          [158 -  .].


  ,    ,  ,      .                ,      .  2015       :



 -  , ,      . , ,      ,          ,      ,     .           ,    -    .                                [159 -  .].


 ,    ,     ,     2007 .         ,             .         -,           ,     . ,       ,         1990?.   ,     [160 -      (20.10.2011).].     ,       ,     ,   ,    [161 - .    : https://www.pgbooks.ru/about/us/ (  31.07.2023).].         ,       : ,       ,  ,     , -  ,      ,   ,      .         :        ,            .

   ,  ,   2005    ,         .     ,    ,      ,   ,   , ,   ,    .  ,       ,        ,    [162 - Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.].      ,    ,   ,    ;         .    150    (  ,  ).  2010        young adult, :  ,   , ,   ,         [163 -  .].    ,        2010        㻠     , --, -   [164 -              .].

         ,            [165 -      (19.10.2011).].  ,    -  ,    ,   -      , ,   ,  ,   ,   .     :     ,     ,   ,       .           ;    ,   .                   [166 -   (19382020)    (19342003)         ,        .           -  .       2020      ,             .   ,       ,      ,   .].               黠   ,     ,        [167 - .  - : https://www.labirint.ru/series/24512/ (  31.07.2023).].

        ,   2014       ,          .     ,      ,   ,



  :   ,        ,  ,     ,              ,     [168 - Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.].


      ,      ,     ,      .          ,     ,     .             ,    ,    ,        [169 -        // Pro-Books.ru. 2014. 19 . http://pro-books.ru/news/3/14588 (  31.07.2023).].

       ,            .           1990  2000  (300  71  )            .       81   2016 ;  ,           1706   1990   4123  2000?,          11 116  2016 [170 -         2016 . //   . .:    / -, 2017. . :  II,  2.].   , ,   ,      ,    ,   [171 -   ,        ,    .].

         ,       ;   ,       ,   ,   .  ,   , ,      ,       ,       ,   ,         ;          ,      [172 -   . .].  ,      ,  ,   ,   1991     13  ,    13  75   [173 -      (21.10.2011).].            ,   ,        ,      ,            20  45 ,        ,     [174 - Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.   .   . .  2011        ,  ,      Scholastic,     .         .].     ,   40        ,        ;          [175 -   . .        .].

      .    ,  -          [176 - .  ,        ,      .   . .].  ,   ( ,   ,   ,     ,      ), ,      ,         :     ,   ,      [177 -   . .].  ,        ,        ,     ,  [178 -   .   . .].     , ,                 ,   ,    ,     1990?       .                     ,     .




   XXI 


  ,     ,        ,       .  1969            .                ,    .  1940?    1970?       .  ,  ,     ,   ,  ,  ,     [179 -   ,      ,   1941   .        (1943,  ),   (1946,  ),   (1946,  ),   (1946,   ; 1951,    ),   (1948, ),   (1951,   ),   (1952,  ),   (1952,      )    (1952,     ).           1957 ,      :   (1963),   (1970)      (1972).].           ,             ,    ,       .           .     . .  (         1969  1991 )     .         ,        ,  ,  ,  ,     [180 -      ASEEES  2015         . . :   :  / . . . , . . . .: . . . ., . . - . . . , 2008.].

   1990?      ,  ,       ,           ,      .         , ,   ,         2000? ,        [181 -         .        ,      (English J. The Economy of Prestige: Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005):   ,    ,      .   ,         .      . ,        ,    .       (Kidd K. B., Thomas J. T. Jr. A Prize-Losing Introduction // Prizing Childrens Literature: The Cultural Politics of Childrens Book Awards / Eds. K. B. Kidd, J. T. Thomas, Jr. New York: Routledge, 2017. P. 4).].       ,        ,      :  ,   ,  .            ;      ,    ,     ,   ,    .

      ,    ,         .        . . ,   2003 ;     -    .                .            ,  ;         ,      [182 -      .:      //    . https://www.deti.spb.ru/catalog/book/prem_mar (  31.07.2023).].         2000?      ,       .     2007 ,            ,         (IBBY).        ,    ,    ,   ,    [183 -           ,         .         ? (2010)     , , ?        .].    2014       ,      :



1)      ;

2)       ;     ,    1217    ;

3)    - , ,   ,    ,  ,    .


       :   ,   [184 -  2014        ,      (  ), .:    //     . http://www.svmihalkov.ru/konkurs/competition/first_history/#4 (  31.07.2023).].    ,            .

    ,      . .    ,   ,          (1974).     2006    ,   2010          [185 - .:      . .  // http://lit-parus.ru/o_premii.htm (  31.07.2023).].               . ,     2014       ;       ,       [186 -  .      // KidReader. 2013. 23 . http://kidreader.ru/article/1784 (  31.07.2023).].     ,    껠         2014 .

          ,    ,      ;     . . ,    ;     . . ,   ;    ,      [187 -  2017          (.:     //  . http://chukfest.ru/award/ (  31.07.2023)).        ,              .     (      ,           2003  2008 )     .        .:  .  ,    // . 2012. 29 . http://www.papmambook.ru/articles/134/ (  31.07.2023).].         .        ()          .  2006            ,   2012?        .    ,     ,       ,     (),      ,     ,       [188 -         2014 ;   2015       .].

             [189 -        ,    ,    .     ,  .].     ,    2005  2009 ,            ,     .      ,         2006       2007?,  ,  ,  ,     [190 -            .].  2009        ,           .       ,       2009      .        ,       ,    .  2010           .

            2009 .              2011 [191 -      ,                ,  ,         (.:  .    . . :  //  . 2012. 1 (1). . 191196).].     ?    ,        20122013 ;          .     ϻ     .                   .

         2010          ,   ;      ,     [192 -     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     . .   : http://kniguru.info/ (  31.07.2023).].      ,    , :          10  16 .         ,                  .        ( ).             .       ,          .              ,         .     ,      :             .      ,             [193 - .   ,   : http://kniguru.info/o-konkurse (  31.07.2023).        ,  .  2013          Baby-ѻ     ,     .      (  )        ,   ,  ,  ,  ,     .          .    (2012),   .             .].

  ,         , , 



   ,  ,  ,       ,    ,   .       ,           [194 -  .          //  . 2013. 4 (2). . 140.      - (.: Cherniak M. The Effect of Recognizing Reality in Contemporary Prose for Teens // Russian Studies in Literature. Russian Childrens and Young Adult Literature. 2016. Vol. 52. 2. P. 130148).].


   ,      ,  ;          -: ,       ,  ,     [195 -  .   . . 141.      ,      ,   14    . ,   SMS  ,   16   . ,  ? . ,     . ,    ? . ,     . .].   ,       ,       ,   ,  ,        ,  .             ;       ,  ,       1991 ,          .

,          .             ,    [196 - .   : http://rosman.ru/new-childrens-book;     : http://newbook-awards.ru (  31.07.2023).].         ,        .        :              .  2016         ,        3150     ,       ,  [197 -    2016    :    . ,  . ,    . , .    . ,      . .     : http://newbook-awards.ru/---7-2015-2016/ (  31.07.2023).].    ,         ,       ,     .

   ,   ,      ,   :        ,  ,       .            ,     XXI .

                  ,             ,  , ,        .     ,   ; ,        :          ,  -    ,          .




  


      ,            ;       ,    .   ,    ,      ,   ƻ, ƻ, ,  , , , ,    .  1980?      .     1924 ,         ,     .           ,          ,          .    ,    ,      ,                .   ,   2004 ,        ,     .

  1932        ,       .    1932  1941 .       ,     1966?;       1985 .       ,               .  1985  1996 ,     ,      .      1997?:              ,       2004 .       ,  ,     1985  2004 ,       ,     [198 -  ,   ,        1932  1996         1997 .  ,                ,    蓻.].

 1985            ,   ;       ,            ,  1966?  1996?.        (4550  ),           1970?,    80  .   1980?   1990      80     45 .   1990             [199 -   1991?   1992      75 ;   ,     :   1991  (910)    1992? (23, 56, 89, 1112).].           ,      .   1985    ,         :  , XX . , . . ,  ,  ,    ,  , ,  ,   .        ,   :   ,    ,    .         , ,  .                 ,           .        [200 - ., :      //  . 1985. 9. . 6164.].   1980?       ,       ,       .

 1985             ,           .      ,   ,     ,      ,  , ,   ,      ,  ,  .               , ,   ,          [201 -       :      ,     .  ,      ( .      //  . 1988. 1. . 2).].         :       (    ,     ,    ),         , ,  ,  [202 - ,      3  1985             ,     4            .].     ,     ,     .         ,    .     ,      ;      ,     .

        ,    1985 ,               ,            .        1985      ,   .   1986            ,       .           ,         ,     ,    -       ,      ,   [203 -        3  1986 ,        6    ,     -           10.].          ,  , ,       [204 - ., :  .    //  . 1985. 8. . 25.].       ,       .     ,     .

    :     ,     ;    ,    .     1985      ,        ,       ,   , ,  ,    [205 -  .      //  . 1985. 12. . 58.].     ,     , ,    ,  , ,   ,    ,       .       ,        (     ),        .           :    ,          -.                 .   1985  1987            ,  ,     ,    ,   [206 - ., ,  :  .      //  . 1986. 4. . 48;  .        // 1986. 12. . 1823;  .,  . , ,  // 1987. 5. . 510;  .,  .     // 1987. 10. . 59.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/chitat-onlayn/?art=70403569)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


           , ,    ,   ,   1920?  1930?     ,  ,   ,  ,    ,   ,   . .: Weld S. P. An Ecology of the Avant-Garde Picturebook. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018. P. 5. (    ,   . . .)




2


             ,         2011 .




3


    :    (1979)             ,     ,      -       ,   .




4


  ,   Ļ     ,      ,      ,            XIX ,    ,        .




5


   ?   ?,        1860? ,        ? (1863)     ? (1866),         ,   1990?  2000? .




6


       :      .      ,         .       ,    tabula rasa,            (Balina M. Its Grand to Be an Orphan! Crafting Happy Citizens in Soviet Childrens Literature of the 1920s // Petrified Utopia: Happiness Soviet Style / Eds. M. Balina, E. Dobrenko. London: Anthem Press, 2009. P. 103).




7


        ,  6.2,     -,        11  2013       30    .




8


Hellman B. Fairy Tales and True Stories: The History of Russian Literature for Children and Young People (15742010). Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013 (      :  .   :     / . . . . .:   , 2016); A Companion to Soviet Childrens Literature and Film / Ed. O. Voronina. Leiden: Brill, 2019.




9


 . 100   :   . .: , 1987. . 5.




10


Berger P. L., Luckmann T. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Doubleday, 1967. P. 142.




11


.:   (19801991 .):   /   . .:   , 19801991.     ,   ,    1935    ;  1991        .




12


            ,  ,     ,    1967 .         .




13


   :     ( . . , . , . . .:   , 2008)         ,   ,   ,     -,  ()  .




14


., : ODell F. Socialisation Through Childrens Literature: The Soviet Example. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.




15


.:  .   :      //  :      (1920?1930? .) /  . . . , . . . .: , 2013; ODell. Op. cit. P. 5657; Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature 19201935: Beautiful Books, Terrible Times / Eds. J. Rothenstein, O. Budashevskaya. London: Redstone Press, 2013.              Soviet Era Books for Children and Youth: https://dpul.princeton.edu/cotsen/browse/soviet-era-books-for-children-and-youth (  31.07.2023).




16


         , ,   ,       1960?  ,    ,       .     ,          . .: Lovell S. The Russian Reading Revolution: Print Culture in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras. Basingstoke; London: Routledge, 2000.




17


       ,          . .: Barker A. M. Ch. 2: The Culture Factory: Theorizing the Popular in the Old and New Russia // Consuming Russia: Popular Culture, Sex, and Society since Gorbachev / Ed. A. M. Barker. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999. P. 19.




18


                   .        ,  , ,  ,        ,           ,    . .: Balina M. Creativity through Restraint: The Beginnings of Soviet Childrens Literature // Russian Childrens Literature and Culture / Eds. M. Balina, L. Rudova. New York: Routledge, 2013. P. 9, 1415.  ,   ,           ,     ,    ,     .




19


    , -, :  . .,  . .  . 9? . .: , 2013;  . .  . 2? . .: , 2009; -, :  .   . .: , 1960;  .,  . , :      . .:  , 1989. -            : Russian Childrens Literature and Culture / Eds. M. Balina, L. Rudova. New York: Routledge, 2008; Politicizing Magic: An Anthology of Russian and Soviet Fairy Tales / Eds. M. Balina, H. Goscilo, M. Lipovetsky. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2005; ODell F. Socialisation Through Childrens Literature: The Soviet Example. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978; Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature 19201935: Beautiful Books, Terrible Times / Eds. J. Rothenstein, O. Budashevskaya. London: Redstone Press, 2013; Hellman B. Fairy Tales and True Stories: The History of Russian Literature for Children and Young People, 15742010. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013. . :  .   :     / . . . . .:   , 2016.




20


.:   , ,          : Hellman B. Russian Childrens Literature // International Companion Encyclopedia of Childrens Literature. Vol. 2. 2


 ed. /Ed. P. Hunt. New York: Routledge, 2004. P. 11741183.          XVIII                       .




21


 ,            1930?    1986 . .: Lovell. Op. cit. P. 56.




22


        1921 :            ,      .  .     .  ,   ,    .    ,   . ,       .      (Maguire R. A. Red Virgin Soil: Soviet Literature in the 1920s. 3


 ed. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2000. P. 3).




23


 ,  1851       . .: Lovell. Op. cit. P. 23.




24


  .     :    ,   ,    ,         (Ibid).




25


Ibid. P. 32. . : Grenoble L. Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Dordrecht: Springer, 2003; Clark C. Uprooting Otherness: The Literacy Campaign in NEP-Era Russia. Selinsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press, 2000.




26


         . .: Suny R. The Contradictions of Identity: Being Soviet and National in the USSR and After // Soviet and Post-Soviet Identities / Eds. M. Bassin, C. Kelly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. P. 1736.




27


Lovell. Op. cit. P. 27.          .  ,        ,  ,    .




28


 1960? ,      ,        . .: Ibid. . 5556, 6667.




29


   ()        1876 . .:     //     . https://metodisty.rgdb.ru/05/history (  31.07.2023).




30


Β      22  1958 , ,                ,             . .: ODell. Op. cit. P. 60.




31


      ,       . .   -,          . -          ,              ,       .




32


  1974  ,                      . .: ODell. Op. cit. P. 64.




33


 ,                  .   1921            ,       . .: Lovell. Op. cit. P. 27.




34


     ,      ,       1922   19251927 . .: Lovell. Op. cit. P. 35.




35


Ibid.




36


ODell. Op. cit. P. 54.




37


Brooks J. Thank You, Comrade Stalin! Soviet Public Culture from Revolution to the Cold War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. P. 30.




38


ODell. Op. cit. P. 5657.




39


. . . . 280.




40


Hosking G. The Institutionalisation of Soviet Literature // Perspectives on Literature and Society in Eastern and Western Europe / Eds. G. Hosking, G. Cushing. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, 1989. P. 61.




41


Ibid.




42


 ,        ,      1930? ,         .




43


ODell. Op. cit. P. 55. . : Morse A. Word Play: Experimental Poetry and Soviet Childrens Literature. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2021. P. 8485, 8889, 91.




44


Clark K. The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual. 3


 ed. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2000.




45


ODell. Op. cit. P. 7374.         ,  , ,  ,   .




46


ODell. Op. cit. P. 55.    ,  1932  2004 ,        ໠ ,         :   (),  1932   1941 ,   ,     ;   (), 19501966, ,    ;   (), 19662004,               ; .       .           ,     .




47


Ibid. P. 7173.




48


Ibid. P. 76113.




49


Brooks. Op. cit. P. 4.




50


Ibid. P. 108.  1926       .  1934          (  ),        .




51


Kelly C. Childrens World: Growing Up in Russia, 18901991. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007. P. 139.




52


Ibid. P. 115.




53


Ibid. P. 138.




54


 .  :     . .: . , 1960. . 34.




55


   ,    ,    ,   -              . ,      . ,        .  ,    , ,        ,   ,        . ,        (Fanger D. Gorkys Tolstoy and Other Reminiscences: Key Writings by and about Maxim Gorky. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008. P. 6).




56


           ,        ;               (Wellek R., Warren A. Theory of Literature. 3


 ed. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1977. P. 230; . :  .,  .   / . . . , . , . . .: , 1978. . 247).




57


 . . 243.




58


Prokhorov A., Prokhorova E. Film and Television Genres of the Late Soviet Era. New York: Bloomsbury, 2017. P. 2.       ,             .




59


. . . . 252255.                .  1950?       2009     ,    ,        .                ,  ,      .




60


 .     //  . . .:  7 . . 3. .:   , 2012.




61


. . . . 89.




62


       1956 ;           ,                  .




63


. . . . 16.  : -     ,      ,    ,         .




64


.:  .   -, 19001941. .:   XXI , 2005; Steiner E. Stories for Little Comrades: Revolutionary Artists and the Making of Early Soviet Childrens Books. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999;  .   .       . .:   , 2019; The Pedagogy of Images: Depicting Communism for Children / Eds. M. Balina, S. Oushakine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2021;     Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature 19201935       ,      ,   .    , ,       (),       - (),        -    .




65


 1924          ,             (: Balina. Creativity through Restraint. P. 7; Lovell. Op. cit. P. 28).         , ,        ,    (.: . . . . 277).     ,      ,    ,     ,            (.: . . . . 329330).




66


. . . . 327.




67


,   (.: Balina. Creativity through Restraint. P. 7).




68


 ,        Politicizing Magic (2005)     , ,     ,  ,   .




69


  (18961958)              :   (1934),   (1936),  (1938),   (1938)  ;      ,   (1944)    (1954).




70


. . . . 91.




71


 . . 9697.  ,      ,    ,   , ,        ,  , ,    ,        .      ,      (.: . . . . 26).   ,         1920? ,      .




72


  ,                   ,                 (Goscilo H. Introduction // Politicizing Magic. P. 67. .         (Balina M. Introduction // Ibid. P. 108109, 113).




73


. . . . 9697.




74


         (1916),  (1921),  (1923), - (1924),  (1926)   (1929),     .




75


.:  л  1990 .




76


        ƻ ( ), ƻ (  )   ?       .              ;  1991              .




77


Wachtel A. Remaining Relevant after Communism: The Role of the Writer in Eastern Europe. Chicago: University Chicago Press, 2006. P. 4.




78


           ,      , , , , .          ,   , .:    :     (1993),        .




79


         ,    (. . . . 40).




80


   ,          ( . . 31).




81


   100              .             .                 ,    .




82


. . . . 33.




83


   ,          ,     ,       , ,      ,   ,  , ,  .              (.:  . . 58).




84


. . . . 130.




85


  1917     , ,  :   (1923)  , - (19251926)  ,   (1924)  ,     (1926)  ,      . . . (1926)   (1930) (.: . . . . 312314).




86


             : Haber . Is Magic Land Oz? Volkov and the Question of Originality //  . 2014. 6 (2). . 255268,     : Haber E. Oz behind the Iron Curtain: Aleksandr Volkov and His Magic Land Series. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2017. . :  .      / . . . . .:   , 2023.




87


   ,   1930?     ,     ,    .    ,           .         ,            .     ,      (. . . . 388).                  ,  XVIII .




88


 .




89


 .




90


Haber. Is Magic Land Oz? P. 257258.   .  (2008), .  (1995)  .  (19961997).




91


 .       :     //  . . 960;  . :    //  . . 125180.




92


    .: . . . . 410416;  .     (     ) //   . 189230.




93


. . . . 410.




94


 ,    ,      ,                 (. . . . 412413).




95


.         ,               .




96


      ,        , ,    ,    .   ,   1963 ,    ,  , ,      ;    ,         ,        (.  ODell. Op. cit. P. 19).




97


  ,    1942       (Maureen Daly. Seventeenth Summer)     young adult      ,    XVIII .




98


           ,        ,         .     ,     (,     ),   ,         ,        .




99


,   young adult        , .     ,    ,  ,  ,             ,       ,         .         .




100


     :  .,  .   :     / . . . . .: , 1995.  . 210212.




101


 . . 214215.




102


 .,  .   . . 220224.




103


      ,            ( . . 229).




104


 . . 228.




105


 .,  .   (1920). . : Inside the Rainbow: Russian Childrens Literature. P. 31.




106


Booker C. The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories. London; New York: Continuum, 2004. P. 6.




107


.: Clark. The Soviet Novel.




108


Booker. Op. cit. Ch. 112. . 17228.




109


Ibid. P. 45.




110


Ibid.




111


.:  .  ,    :       // .: , 2016. . 111118.




112


             2012 .         : - (. . , 1926);    ( , 1939);    ( , 1884);   ( , 1844);   ( , 1944,   1946 );   ( , 1847);   (  , 1883);    ( , 1922);    (  , 1892);    ( , 1923). .    : https://pgbooks.ru/archive/blog/life_with_kids/boris-akunin-spisok-dlya-malchikov/ (  31.07.2023).




113


.: Fishzon A. The Queer Legacies of Socialism, or What Cheburashka and Gary Shteyngart have in Common // A Companion to Soviet Childrens Literature and Film / Ed. O. Voronina. Leiden: Brill, 2019. P. 440473.




114


Nikolajeva M. Power, Voice and Subjectivity for Young Readers. New York and London: Routledge, 2010. P. 203.




115


ODell. Op. cit. P. 98.             :      ,               ,       ,       .     ,        .             ,         ;    ,           (Ibid. P. 155156).




116


Nikolajeva. Op. cit. P. 204.




117


                        . 90  ,   2009 , ,    ,  42  ,        , .:  .        :  . .: - . -   , 2009. . 19.  ,    ,    ,   ,     ,   ,   ,       , ,      (. 16).




118


      ,       ,  ,      . ., :  . .  100   ,       //  . https://slovesnik.org/chto-chitat/letnee-chtenie/perechen-100-knig-po-istorii-kulture-i-literature-narodov-rossijskoj-federatsii.html (  31.07.2023).




119


                     1990?.




120


 1991  ,  ,   -          .  ,           .




121


.  II.




122


           .       ,      ,    .      ,     . 19  1986          ,          .




123


5 1987               ,  26  1988        л,       ,     ;       ,  .




124


 -            :      ,     ,         .        ,    1990?    .




125


    -,      : Simon & Schuster / CBS, HarperCollins, Bertelsmann, Hachette, Penguin Books (   Penguin Random House), Egmont Disney.




126


       ,       ,   1990?     ,     ,   , -   .




127


    1990 ,   2012    22   .  ,   1989   ,    ,  2012     ,  ,  , .: Tan T. Publishing In Russia 2012: Publishers in a Changing Industry // Publishers Weekly. March 30, 2012. https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/international-book-news/article/51281-publishing-in-russia-2012-publishers-in-a-changing-industry.htm (  31.07.2023).  2013    , ,   ,  ,      ;     40   , .: Global Publishing Leaders 2014: EksmoAST // Publishers Weekly. June 27, 2014. https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/63047-global-publishing-leaders-2014-eksmo-ast.html (  31.07.2023).




128


 2015           ,         ,    ,        ,          .




129


 2015      60            ,                  .  ,    ,     2015     ,        20    .   ,     ,           . .: Bazenkova A. Danish Publisher Quits Russian Magazine Business Due to Media Ownership Law // The Moscow Times. Oct. 5, 2015. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2015/10/05/danish-publisher-quits-russian-magazine-business-due-to-media-ownership-law-a50070 (  31.07.2023).




130


       : https://detlit.ru/izdatelstvo-detskaya-literatura/ (  31.07.2023).




131


.  ,  : https://detgiz.spb.ru/ob-izdatelstve/ (  31.07.2023).




132


   -      ,        ,        .




133


Tan T. A Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers // Publishers Weekly. April 4, 2011. https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/international-book-news/article/46715-a-young-and-very-ambitious-group-of-publishers.html (  31.07.2023).




134


 .




135


 .




136


       20122016   . .:   . .:  , 2017.




137


  ,      .   ,           , ,    ,     (.: Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers).   2011   ,      ,      2012            .  2012    99  ,    2011?   102,7 ,   2010?  132  (.:   . .:  , 2012. . 9).




138


     .  ,      ,  2012         .  2016                (.      20122016 ).




139


.   : http://rosman.ru/about/ (  31.07.2023).




140


Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.




141


 .




142


 .




143


-50.   2016 . .:    / -, 2017.          ()    ().




144


.:  :    // . 2011. 9. https://daily.afisha.ru/archive/vozduh/archive/8603/ (  31.07.2923).




145


Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.




146


 2010  44    -   . .: Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.




147


     (20.10.2011).




148


 2010       9000   ;   -   1500  .   ,      1000   (Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers).




149


           ,      .




150


 ,  -,            2015      2016 . .: -50.   2016 . .:    / -, 2017. . :  8. 100 ,        2015 . .:    / -, 2016.




151


  ,  ,   ,    BookBrunch           :       ,        .        ,   ,     50       -.     ,    ,   80.  ,  ,     ,        ;    . []             ,      .                 (Van Lear E. London Fair Dealer feature: A Russian riddle // BookBrunch. April 26, 2011. http://www.bookbrunch.co.uk/page/free-article/london-fair-dealer-feature-a-russian-riddle/ (  31.07.2023)).




152


    ,     :               (.   : https://ripol.ru/about/about-publisher/ (  31.07.2023)).




153


.:  II,  2.




154


.: Lovell S. The Russian Reading Revolution: Print Culture in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras. Basingstoke and London: Routledge, 2000.                .




155


 2010              ; ,       .




156


     (24.06.2015).  ,           .   ,     ,           .              .




157


 .




158


 .




159


 .




160


     (20.10.2011).




161


.    : https://www.pgbooks.ru/about/us/ (  31.07.2023).




162


Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.




163


 .




164


             .




165


     (19.10.2011).




166


  (19382020)    (19342003)         ,        .           -  .       2020      ,             .   ,       ,      ,   .




167


.  - : https://www.labirint.ru/series/24512/ (  31.07.2023).




168


Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.




169


       // Pro-Books.ru. 2014. 19 . http://pro-books.ru/news/3/14588 (  31.07.2023).




170


        2016 . //   . .:    / -, 2017. . :  II,  2.




171


  ,        ,    .




172


  . .




173


     (21.10.2011).




174


Tan. Young (and Very Ambitious) Group of Publishers.   .   . .  2011        ,  ,      Scholastic,     .         .




175


  . .        .




176


.  ,        ,      .   . .




177


  . .




178


  .   . .




179


  ,      ,   1941   .        (1943,  ),   (1946,  ),   (1946,  ),   (1946,   ; 1951,    ),   (1948, ),   (1951,   ),   (1952,  ),   (1952,      )    (1952,     ).           1957 ,      :   (1963),   (1970)      (1972).




180


     ASEEES  2015         . . :   :  / . . . , . . . .: . . . ., . . - . . . , 2008.




181


        .        ,      (English J. The Economy of Prestige: Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005):   ,    ,      .   ,         .      . ,        ,    .       (Kidd K. B., Thomas J. T. Jr. A Prize-Losing Introduction // Prizing Childrens Literature: The Cultural Politics of Childrens Book Awards / Eds. K. B. Kidd, J. T. Thomas, Jr. New York: Routledge, 2017. P. 4).




182


     .:      //    . https://www.deti.spb.ru/catalog/book/prem_mar (  31.07.2023).




183


          ,         .         ? (2010)     , , ?        .




184


 2014        ,      (  ), .:    //     . http://www.svmihalkov.ru/konkurs/competition/first_history/#4 (  31.07.2023).




185


.:      . .  // http://lit-parus.ru/o_premii.htm (  31.07.2023).




186


 .      // KidReader. 2013. 23 . http://kidreader.ru/article/1784 (  31.07.2023).




187


 2017          (.:     //  . http://chukfest.ru/award/ (  31.07.2023)).        ,              .     (      ,           2003  2008 )     .        .:  .  ,    // . 2012. 29 . http://www.papmambook.ru/articles/134/ (  31.07.2023).




188


        2014 ;   2015       .




189


       ,    ,    .     ,  .




190


           .




191


     ,                ,  ,         (.:  .    . . :  //  . 2012. 1 (1). . 191196).




192


    ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     . .   : http://kniguru.info/ (  31.07.2023).




193


.   ,   : http://kniguru.info/o-konkurse (  31.07.2023).        ,  .  2013          Baby-ѻ     ,     .      (  )        ,   ,  ,  ,  ,     .          .    (2012),   .             .




194


 .          //  . 2013. 4 (2). . 140.      - (.: Cherniak M. The Effect of Recognizing Reality in Contemporary Prose for Teens // Russian Studies in Literature. Russian Childrens and Young Adult Literature. 2016. Vol. 52. 2. P. 130148).




195


 .   . . 141.      ,      ,   14    . ,   SMS  ,   16   . ,  ? . ,     . ,    ? . ,     . .




196


.   : http://rosman.ru/new-childrens-book;     : http://newbook-awards.ru (  31.07.2023).




197


   2016    :    . ,  . ,    . , .    . ,      . .     : http://newbook-awards.ru/---7-2015-2016/ (  31.07.2023).




198


 ,   ,        1932  1996         1997 .  ,                ,    蓻.




199


  1991?   1992      75 ;   ,     :   1991  (910)    1992? (23, 56, 89, 1112).




200


., :      //  . 1985. 9. . 6164.




201


      :      ,     .  ,      ( .      //  . 1988. 1. . 2).




202


,      3  1985             ,     4            .




203


       3  1986 ,        6    ,     -           10.




204


., :  .    //  . 1985. 8. . 25.




205


 .      //  . 1985. 12. . 58.




206


., ,  :  .      //  . 1986. 4. . 48;  .        // 1986. 12. . 1823;  .,  . , ,  // 1987. 5. . 510;  .,  .     // 1987. 10. . 59.


