  .    
 


Studia Urbanica
        ?       ?        ,    ,              ,        ,    (uneven development),    .      ,       :          , , ,   .        -            . ,     ,             .

    ,       (),           - (CUNY Graduate Center).





 

  ..    



STUDIA URBANICA





 

  

   







  



2024




SETHA LOW

SPATIALIZING CULTURE

The Ethnography of Space and Place







Routledge

London & New York

2017


 930.85:39

 71.082

81

  . 



   .

 

  :     /  . .:   , 2024. ( STUDIA URBANICA).

        ?       ?        ,    ,              ,        ,    (uneven development),    .      ,       :          , , ,   .        -            . ,     ,             .

    ,       (),           - (CUNY Graduate Center).

     Roberto Lee Cortes on Pexels.com



ISBN 978-5-4448-2374-3



 2017 Setha Low

Authorised translation from the English language edition published by Routledge, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group

 . ,   , 2024

 . ,  , 2024

    , 2024


   ,   










        ,  ,     ,       ,          .        ,  ,  ,         ,              .         -,  ,        .                     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     .        ,      .

     ,                   ,             ,    ,       .    ,    ,             ,        ,         ;  ,     ,    .                       .          ,             ()  (built environment)[1 -       built environment          () ,        . . .            ;            .     . . .].

 ,   ,            .                (   ),   (-),   (  ),    ,          (,  ),       ,         .  ,        -    .                 .

           .        - - (.  3) [Low 2000 /  2016]          -,         ,          .       (gated communities, .  7)     -      -.    - (.  8)             -.          --   11  (.  7),                 (.  6),          .    ,      ,          -    ,         .

               -        .         ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  -,  ,  ,  ,  ,     .      ,       .    --      ,     .  ,  ,     -            ,     -.  ,  ,  ,              (.  6),   ,           .      ,          .   ,          ,       ,   ,   ,     .

 ,          (  ()   -  ),   ( -  -),   (   -  -),   (     -)   ,    ,    .   ,  ,  ,           ,       ,   ,     .      ,    ,   .

       ,        .  ,      ,   ,   ,         ,  ,  ,      (     -),  ,  ,      (        ),      (,       ),   (    ),   (       -)    (        -, ,  ).           ,    ,      - ,      .

               Routledge  ,   ,      .           .     ,             .                   .

,                     .    ,            ,   ,   ,     .    ,    ;           ,     .                  ,        ,     ,   .         .




1..         





 


            ,        ,    (uneven development)[2 -             - ,     -       ,      .        ,          ( ,    .)     ,                .    ,       ,   ,       (Smith N. Uneven Development, Geography of // International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences / Neil J. Smelser, Paul B. Baltes (eds). Pergamon, 2001). . .],    .   ,            ,   ,     ,            .  ,    ,          ,       [3 -                 - .             (the West and the Rest).              ,       (      ,   .). . .],   , ,   ,        .         ,                  , , ,    .   ,   ,  ,  ,      ,    ,       .

 ,             ,      (environmental studies),   (GIS),  , - ,  ,  /,    ,    ,   .       ,            ,   2014             GPS [  ] ,         ,   .   1971    Β  ,    () ,  ,       ,     ,       (Altman 2014).  2005     -          ,   ,      ,     ()  (Altman 2014).                    .    ,          ,       ,         .       (place)              (place-making) (Weir 2013).

             -    .                  (Low 2011, Low and Merry 2010),    ,        (Mullings 2015),   ,        (Burawoy 2005 /  2008).    ,        ,      ,     (Fassin 2013: 642).                           (Goldstein 2012, Merry et al. 2015).        ,    ,             .                ,              ,    .






. 1.1. - ( . )






  - (-)


            -          ,      . ,        -  - (. 1.1)?           ,     ,  ,     ,           ,     ,    ?          (      ,     , ,          )         ,     ,        ?                          ?           ?

        .          :    ,        ? ,  ,    ,           ,           ?       ,        .

 ,      :        ,    ,     ,    ,       . , ,      ,        ,   ,    ,      .                  (exclusion)      ? ,    ,      ,  -    .

    ,         .     ,        ,  , ,  ?       ,    ?               - ?       ,       ?      , ,         .

          ,    ,     .           : 1)       (built environment)  2)       (place-making).               ,      (), ,   .     ,       ,      ,           ,     ,    (spatializing culture).

       ,         ,      .    ,           -    [4 -     -,  REAP (Rapid Ethnographic Assessment Procedure),      4,      . . .],           ,            .                 in situ [   (.)],      - .         ,            ,  ,             .

            ,           (design profession)   ,        .              ,           [5 -   (grounded theory)        ,        .       1960?        .      ,      ,   (   )        (  ).              . .  :  .,  .   :  ,    / . . . . . .:  , 2001. . .],         .           ,   ,     .               ,          ,     . ,            , ,        ,         (Harvey 2006: 119).    ,             ,           .   ,            (place),          ,  ,   ,     (Hayden 1995: 15).    ,     ,  ,            ,     .

,      ,      .              ,      ,      ,     . ,         ,         ,                 .               .              .       ,  ,             ,   ,           ,     .

            ,    ,               (Morgan 1881 /  1934).                   -        :   (Murdock 1967).   ,   ,              ,        (Rapoport 1969).

 ,             (Durkheim 1965 /  2018)    (Mauss and Beauchat 1979 [1906]),         (Lawrence and Low 1990).  [6 -    (18581942)       ,      ,    , ,   . . .]   (Boas 1964 [1888])    ,    (Spier 1933)    (Kroeber 1939),        .          ,     -  (culture-area theories),        ,     .

                  (indexicality)[7 -                ,     ,  .  ,      ,     ,     . . .]    ,       ,       .   (Appadurai 1988)    (Rodman 1985, 1992)       ,        ,   ,        ,        .     ,  ,        ,       ,   ,        (Jimnez 2003: 140).  ,               .          ,        ,   ,       ,    ,       .         ,        ,    ,   ,          .

     ,           (embodied).             ,     .     ,           (Csordas 1999: 143),    ,          .          ,  (inscribed)     . ,       ,              ,    ,    (place-making)  .          ,        .

         ,  , ,     (environmental psychology)[8 -    environmental psychology       ,    .  ,             (     ),      ecology     environment ( ).                   ,         (   1986 , .  :  .    / . . . . . .: , 1989), ,  , ,    ,   ,           .             .      ,                           environment ( ). . .],   ,             (     2).       ,       ,          .        ,             .

                 ,            .        ,         ,       .      ,         (spatialize),         .




  


            ,         ,      ,     .            ,        ()    (Low 2000 /  2016)    -            (Pellow 2002).              ,                   ,   , , -   .            , ,       , ,   .           ,   ,        (human and nonhuman interactions),    ,    ,  , ,   .

          :               .  ,       ,         ,       ,            ,   , ,    .                         ,    ,      ,              .

 ,       ,       ,       (King 1980, Lefebvre 1991 /  2015, Low 1996, Smith 1984)        (Kuper 1972, Lawrence and Low 1990, Rodman 1992, Rotenberg and McDonogh 1993, Pellow 1996, 2002).      , ,            ,     ,   .  ,     ,            ,            ,  , , ,    .   ,       ,         (Low 1996, 2000 /  2016).

             ,         , ,         (Amin 2014, Amin and Thrift 2002 /    2017, Butler 1993, Simone 2006).       ,       ,   - ,  , ,   ,       .             ,  , ,           ,        (Massey 2005, Munn 1996, Pred 1984, Rockfeller 2009).

    ,          ,       .      ,             (Duranti 1992, Hall 1968, Modan 2007).                ,    ,      ,   ,        (Anderson 2009, Ramos-Zayas 2012, Thrift 2008).

               󻠖    .     ,        (nation-states)   -      ,   .  ,     ,        ,        (Looser 2012).        ,         ,     ,           .   ,            - ,              .

          ,             : , ,   . ,   (domain)   ,                ,    (dimension)       ,    .  ,    ,   .       ,  ,    ,         .     ,   ,         -                   .         ,             .

           ,     ,       . -,           ,      .           ,      , ,   ,          .

    ,  ,                 .       ,       .           ,      : 1)              2)            .

        ,   ,  ,          . ,      /      , ,   ,    /  /         .            ,   .               ,            .

,   ,      ,     ,      .    ,    2,    ,            .      , ,     ,  ,           ,          ,      .         ,    ,  ,           .     ( ,  , ,   ,   , )       (, , , ,  ,  , ,    )         .          (   ),    ,           .




 


               ,     ,          .           (place-making)    ,     .      ,     ,    ,       (King 1980),    (Harvey 1976, Smith 1984)     (Lefebvre 1991 /  2015).

  ,   ,    ,     ,             .  ,      ,           ,    ,     ,  (,   )   (,    )         .       ,    . ,       ,    - ,           .     ,     ,         ,  ,  ,    .

                  :          .                ,    ,         (place-making),       ,       ,     -      .     ,      ,    ,       .         ,         ,     .




2..     








                  ,    ,  -   .                     .                ,            ,  ,   .

                  (. Hubbard and Kitchin 2011  Creswell 2015   , Casey 1998   , Hayden 1995  Forty 2000   , Law and Lawrence-Zu?iga 2003  Lawrence and Law 1990   ).            ,               .                  - (Lawrence and Law 1990, Law and Lawrence-Zu?iga 2003),       .        ,           .

       .    ,     ,    ,       ,         ,     .   , ,   ,   ,     .     , ,     (Foucault 1977: 139140 /  1996: 74).               ,         .     ,        ,  , , ,      .      ,     ,   ,            ,      .

            ,            .   ,     ,       ,                 .                       ,  ,      .              .

 ,    , ,       ,    ,                ,  . ,     ,        , -    ,      .   , , , ,          ,       .  ,           ,      .

,        ,       ,        ,    (   )       .                ,    ,       .       8          , -    .       ,     ,       ,     .

              .          ,        ,       .     ,    ,              .

             ,      ,          .       ,      (placenessless) (Relph 1976). ,        ,                .  ,                    .

, ,         :         ,    .          ,          .

           [9 - ,          (18341923),       . . .].  . 2.1 (   )         :      ,      ,  .  . 2.2 (    )        ,    /,           .  . 2.3 (  )      ,            . ,  . 2.4 (  )     :     ,     ,      ,  ,   ,  . ,  . 2.5 (   )     /, ,      , . .   ,         .






. 2.1.    






. 2.2.     






. 2.3.   






. 2.4.   






. 2.5.    



          ,       .                  .         ,    /    ,      .




   



   

  , , ,          .           . -,     -   ,     ,      . , -,    :    ,     , , ,   .

        ,            ,   ,    .      ,  ,  ,   ,   . ,  ,      :



     ,        ,     .       -   ,           (Newton 1846 [1687]: 77 /  1989: 30).


,         ,    (Agnew 2005),    ,  :     ,    -   .

  ,     ,     :        ,       (Agnew 2005).   1695  Specimen Dynamicum [ 軠 .] (Ariew and Garber 1989)        ,   ,     - . ,    ,          :



[]    ,    ,      .    , ,   ,          (    (17151716), . : Alexander 1956: 2526 /  1982: 441).


    ,       :



    ,     .            (Harvey 2006: 123).


            ,      1768            ,     .        :



   ,        .  , ,       -    ,       .     ,        ,     ,       ,           ,       ,    .    ,     :  ,              ,    ,      ,  ,   ,       (Kant 1781: 295296 /  1994: 18).


 ,     ,    ,      ?   (representations/Anschauungen).      ,      :  ,            .

  ,         ,    XIX .     ,      (Harvey 2006).  ,       ,           (Einstein 1922).        - .                       .

 ,       ,     ,     ,  ,        .        ,      . ,   ,          ,          (Cresswell 2015: 25).      ,  ,   .         ,         (Berque 2010).  (Cresswell 2015, .  Casey 1998) ,           ,           (,   [10 -     -    ,      ,     . . .]),       .

  (Casey 1996, 1998)        ,                 -.  ,    ,    ,     .          ,          ,         (experiential)     (Casey 1993: xv).  ,    ,  ,     ,    (Casey 1996).          ,       .

   (Heidegger 2001 /  2020)   (dwelling/Wohnen)                  (Boatright 2015). ,   . .   ,     ,    ,            (Boatright 2015, Heidegger 2001).       ,        (Heidegger 2010 /  1997).  ,           ,      ,   .                  , , ,    ,    .


   

  ,  ,          ,              .              , , ,                      .  ,    (Bourdieu 1977 [1972])[11 -   ,          ,     ,     ,                 ( .   / . . . . , . . , . . , . . . .: , 2001). . .],   (Lefebvre 1991 [1974] /  2015),   (Foucault 1977 [1975] /  1999),    (de Certeau 1984 [1980] /   2013),      (Deleuze and Guattari 1987 [1980] /    2010),                  ,     ,     .

                        .   ,     ;     (Lefebvre 1991: 154 /  2015: 159).   ,          ,       ,       (Merrifield 2002).       ,     :     ,    ,          ,      (Lefebvre 1974, 1991 /  2015).               ,      .       ,              ,  ,      1)  , . . ,     , 2)  , . .     ,  3)  , . .  ,      ,         , ,   ,     (Lefebvre 1991 /  2015, Shields 1991, Merrifield 2002).              ,      ,      .           ,      3.

 ,         (Bourdieu 1973, 1977),      ,    ,   -       .               ,    .       (Bourdieu 1973)   [  ,    ]    ,              .                    .            ,       .           5,       ,      .

       (Foucault 1977 [1975] /  1999)         (Foucault and Rabinow 1984)   ,   ,    .      ,      ,      (       )      .       [12 -    .         . . .] (Foucault 1977: 136 /  1999: 188)       .    ,                   ,     ,       .   3           .

  ,    (de Certeau 1984)   ,      (ways of operating)  ,     ,      ,    (de Certeau 1984: xiv /   2013: 43).            ,      (de Certeau 1984: xivxv /   2013: 44).    ,  ,     ,      ,              .  ,        (Benjamin 1999),        ,       ,    .

           ,    [13 -               ,         .      ,   1985       (  ),   :     (Scott J. C. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985).       ,       :  .   .    -  / . . . . . .:  , 2017. . .]  ,          ,     軠  ,    ,    .                   ,         ,         (Cresswell 1997: 363).             .         ,              .

     (Deleuze and Guattari 1987 /    2010)     ,        .             ,          ,        (Deleuze and Guattari 1986).        ,   :

, ,  :    ,   ,        .     .  ,     .        .  ,    ,  ,  .      (Deleuze 2006: 280 /  2016: 85).

      (Deleuze and Guattari 1986)   ,     - ,           :      ,      .   ,      ,      (Chambers 1986; Hannam, Sheller and Urry 2006),             (Copjec and Sorkin 1999, Amin and Thrift 2002 /    2017, Merrifield 2013).  ,           , , ,  , , , ,          -,      (Aug 1995 /  2017, Chambers 1990).             (Aug 1995 /  2017, Looser 2012).


 

           . , -    (Harvey 1990 /  2021, Harvey 2006)    (N. Smith 1984, 2008)        ,      ,            (Lefebvre 1974 [1991] /  2015). -  ,     (Relph 1976), -  (Tuan 1977),   (Seamon 1979),   (Buttimer and Seamon 1980)    (Cresswell 1997, 2015),      .         ,    , , .

           (Harvey 1973 /  2018),      (Harvey 1990 /  2021, Harvey 2006)               .       ?    :  ,            ? (Harvey 1973: 13 /  2018: 1617).      ,        ,    () , ,       :



    ,      ,    .      ,         .     ,       ,    ,          .          ,        ,  ,        :    ,  ,  ,   ,           (Harvey 2006: 121)[14 -               (      )    :     ( .  :    . .:   , 2022)        2014 :    -  -    .         (  ),    / (   ),        , ,   ( . .  :     //  . 2014. 2. . 24). . .].


   ,     ,    ,       ,      , ,   . .    (Harvey 1973: 13 /  2018: 17).                  (Harvey 1973)[15 -     :      ,      ;  ,         ,              ( .     / . . . . . .:   , 2018. . 17). . .].       ,    ,           ,        .      , ,       ,     -      (Harvey 2006).

    (Smith 1984) ,                    .         ,     ,   ,               (Smith 1990: 66).              ,               .          ,      : 1)  ,      , 2)   ,      ,     ,  3)   ,         (Smith 1990: 77).




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/chitat-onlayn/?art=70401811)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


      built environment          () ,        . . .

            ;            .     . . .




2


            - ,     -       ,      .        ,          ( ,    .)     ,                .    ,       ,   ,       (Smith N. Uneven Development, Geography of // International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences / Neil J. Smelser, Paul B. Baltes (eds). Pergamon, 2001). . .




3


                - .             (the West and the Rest).              ,       (      ,   .). . .




4


    -,  REAP (Rapid Ethnographic Assessment Procedure),      4,      . . .




5


  (grounded theory)        ,        .       1960?        .      ,      ,   (   )        (  ).              . .  :  .,  .   :  ,    / . . . . . .:  , 2001. . .




6


   (18581942)       ,      ,    , ,   . . .




7


               ,     ,  .  ,      ,     ,     . . .




8


   environmental psychology       ,    .  ,             (     ),      ecology     environment ( ).                   ,         (   1986 , .  :  .    / . . . . . .: , 1989), ,  , ,    ,   ,           .             .      ,                           environment ( ). . .




9


,          (18341923),       . . .




10


    -    ,      ,     . . .




11


  ,          ,     ,     ,                 ( .   / . . . . , . . , . . , . . . .: , 2001). . .




12


   .         . . .




13


              ,         .      ,   1985       (  ),   :     (Scott J. C. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985).       ,       :  .   .    -  / . . . . . .:  , 2017. . .




14


              (      )    :     ( .  :    . .:   , 2022)        2014 :    -  -    .         (  ),    / (   ),        , ,   ( . .  :     //  . 2014. 2. . 24). . .




15


    :      ,      ;  ,         ,              ( .     / . . . . . .:   , 2018. . 17). . .


