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 .  ,              [Clagett-Dame M., Knutson D., 2011 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257687/].

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  .            [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030017/; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25008141; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4387950/].


 

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  .   A large randomized trial of beta-carotene supplements and cognitive function, 2004 [http://www.neurobiologyofaging.org/article/S01974580(04)801829/pdf]    4000    18-   ,   -      .

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    -     ,          ,      -     [https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/16740-antioxidants-vitamin-e-beta-carotene  cardiovascular-disease].                .




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 - .  


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 ( 3  91%)    .   Thiamine supplementation in symptomatic chronic heart failure, 2012 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22057652],     300/   4        (   )  29,5  32,8%.

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 .      ,     .

   .   The effects of thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate on alcohol-induced hepatic damage biomarkers in rats, 2015 [http://www.europeanreview.org/article/8581] ,        ,   .

  .  High-dose thiamine therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, 2009 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs0012500812244] ,             2 .


 

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   - .      ,  B


   ,        ,       .  ,   ,       .

 .          .   Niacin intake and risk of skin cancer in US women and men, 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28152570]         .

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 .     ,        .                ,      [Choline metabolism provides novel insights into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression, 2012 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3601486/.

 .   Dietary choline and betaine intakes in relation to concentrations of inflammatory markers in healthy adults, 2008 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258634] ,  310/    22%    - ,  26%   -6   6%         ,    250/.

   .      .      .                  [Pivotal role of choline metabolites in remyelination, 2015 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25524711.

  .   ,       ,   ,     ,   ,   ,        [Nutrients for prevention and treatment of mental health disorders, 2013 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23538074.

 .            [Dietary choline and betaine intake, choline-metabolising genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, 2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27488260.


 

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 .          ,          .   Rumberger J. A. et al., 2011 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21925346]   


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            [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12410623; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25941130].

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        .            ,    . ,            ,       [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10859691].

  .      B


         .  The effect of vitamin B


 on cognition, 2003 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14584010] ,           ,           .

 .   Causes, consequences and public health implications of low B-vitamin status in ageing, 2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133110/]      B


       .             - ,  ,     .

 .  B


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 deficiency and anemia in pregnancy, 2010 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19920848]       ,     . ,    B


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 .            .   B


,      .        .

  .   Kidney stones: an update on current pharmacological management and future directions, 2013 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772648/],           .


 

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    ,  ,    ,   ,   . ,             [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859305/].   


        .

  .    (, Marginal biotin deficiency is teratogenic in ICR mice, 2003 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1450011/]) ,           .

   .    Chromium picolinate and biotin combination improves glucose metabolism in treated, uncontrolled overweight to obese patients with type 2 diabetes, 2008 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17506119] ,                2- .

 .    .   Brittle nails: response to daily biotin supplementation, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8477615] 2,5      1,57      67% .

 .    Biotin and biotinidase deficiency, 2008 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726758/]      .

 .       ,  ,  ,   [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14678527].

     .     ,           .   High doses of biotin in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis, 2015 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25787192]               90% .

 .     ,            .    -1?  -?,           [https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/133/3/716/4688036].


 

    ,  ,   , , , .           .      ,     


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:

 06 : 5/

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    .  


            ,           [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18053387?dopt=Abstract].

 .  


             .      ,         .           [Folic acid, one-carbon metabolism & childhood cancer, 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5761026/.  ,    


        :   ,  ,  ,   . ,               ,       


    .           ,    


       ,           [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856406/].   ,      


        .

  .          .     


              .   Li W. et al., 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5668988/]  ,      ,       


           ,            .

 .         ,      ,   C  E.    Folic acid or combination of folic acid and vitamin B(12) prevents short-term arsenic trioxide-induced systemic and mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage, 2009 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18825727]  ,   ,        ,      ( ,     )       (,   ).

  .  


       .   Effects of 6-Month Folic Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Blood Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment, 2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508298]       IQ,            .    Effects of folic acid supplementation on cognitive function and A?-related biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment, 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255930]        400  


    .

 .  


    ,      [Balance your folate or the yin and yang of folate in hematopoiesis, 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5709094/.

.         


,      .         .  


                 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3036555/].

 .   Folic acid supplementation at lower doses increases oxidative stress resistance and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans, 2015 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5005867/]  ,      


      (Caenorhabditis elegans)      ,           .

 .  


  .              .        ,   - .   Dietary folate improves age-related decreases in lymphocyte function, 2006 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16098728] ,      


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 .      ,      .  ,           [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28667789].

 .     . - Lower brain and blood nutrient status in Alzheimer's disease: Results from meta-analyses, 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/29067348/] ,   ,         .   Brito A. et al., 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26607937]    10  


          .   Altun I., Kurutas E. B., 2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4904479/]           ,      .

 - .                 .        ,  B


     ,     [Homocysteine?lowering interventions (B?complex vitamin therapy) for preventing cardiovascular events, 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0014047/.

 - .      ,      .      ,    .

  .           .    ,         ,    ,      [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022013/)/].   Miranti E. H. et al., 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28568053] ,     B


     .

.       S-  ,    .  Vitamin B


 supplementation in treating major depressive disorder: arandomized controlled trial, 2013 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856388/] ,              .

.    Methylcobalamin: apotential vitamin of pain killer, 2013 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3888748/#B29]  (  B


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     .   Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) alters indicators of inflammation and mitochondrial-related metabolism in human subjects, 2013 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955286313001599?via%3Dihub],    20  


        ,     ,   -   -6 ( 45%).

  . ,   ,          .   Chowanadisai W. et al., 2010 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804159/],    ,  ,  ,    . ,       PQQ       (  CREB  PGC-1alpha ),   .

    .      CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein),       ,          (. brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF).     ,    ,       Ohwada K. et al., 2008 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2212345/].   Martino Adami P. V. et al., 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5363729/]     14    .

  .   Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) decreases myocardial infarct size and improves cardiac function in rat models of ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15770429]      PQQ        .          ,    .   ,  PQQ        ,      [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844438/].

   .  Effects of oral supplementation with pyrroloquinoline quinone on stress, fatigue, and sleep, 2012 [https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/81] ,        ,   .       .

   .   Altering pyrroloquinoline quinone nutritional status modulates mitochondrial, lipid, and energy metabolism in rats, 2011 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140972/],   


       10%.   ,   


       .

  .   Effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on melanogenic protein expression in murine B16 melanoma, 2009 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19013771] ,           ,           .     


       [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20663290].

 .   Biological effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone on liver damage in Bmi-1 knockout mice, 2015 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4509087/]   


   ,       ,     (  ),   (  ),  ,   ,        .              ,  CD8


    [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21508181].


 

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       0,0750,3//.  Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) alters indicators of inflammation and mitochondrial-related metabolism in human subjects, 2013 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24231099] ,      0,3/ ( 20    70)  .


  

    


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 .       ,                    [Mohd Mutalip S. et al., Antioxidants. 2018 [http://www.mdpi.com/20763921/7/2/22/htm.

 - .   ,  -        ,       .   Effect of vitamin E and omega 3 fatty acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 2018 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5801585/]   2     ,           .

 .     ,   ,      .        ,   ,     ,       [Delinasios G. J. et al., 2018 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5764969/.

  .  Effect of vitamin E and memantine on functional decline in Alzheimer disease, 2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109898/] ,           ,   .

  .     E       -.         -   ,         E   .       ,     ,     -,     -      .         ,    [Natural forms of vitamin E as effective agents for cancer prevention and therapy, 2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29141970.


 

        .      ,      (, ,  )   .

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 06 : 4

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 C ( )


 ,  ,    .       ,           . ,   ,  , , , ,  , , , ,  ,   .


 

 .    Vitamin C revisited, 2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4423646/]                 .

 .      Vitamin C and heart health: areview based on findings from epidemiologic studies, 2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5000725/] ,                   ,   ,         .

 .      ,           20%.        ,          [https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/caring-for-your-vision/diet-and-nutrition/vitamin-c].

 .           ,              [Muhvic-Urek M. et al., 2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932203/.

 .              ,              .   ,   Ascorbic acid: its role in immune system and chronic inflammation diseases, 2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24766384],    ,      .                 -    .            .

 .     ,    Intravenous vitamin C and cancer: asystematic review, 2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24867961]           .     ,          .         .

 .         .   Vitamin C protects chondrocytes against monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis by multiple pathways, 2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5297673/]       ,   ,      .

 .  ,       .      ,   [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3579096/].

 .      2011  Supplementation of vitamin C reduces blood glucose and improves glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3254006/] ,     (1000)        ,   ,     2 .

  .        . ,   Effect of high dose vitamin C on Epstein-Barr viral infection, 2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4015650/]  ,             -,          .

 .        ,          (    ),        .

 .   How vitamin C and iron can help reduce your risk of stroke [https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2014/03/03/vitamin-c-stroke-risk.aspx],              42%.

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