  .    
 


   , ,  ,     ?        : ,    ,        .      .        ,            . ,        ,           .          ,    ,                 .         ,        .      ,            ,    ,     . ,   ,      ,   ,       .       ,       .





 

  .    



Costica Bradatan

Dying for Ideas. The Dangerous Lives of the Philosophers



 Costica Bradatan, 2015

This translation of Dying for Ideas is published by arrangement with Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.

 ..,   , 2024

 .,  , 2024

    , 2024


* * *


   


  ;      ,  .    ,   .   ,   .

 









   , ,  ,     ? -,         :   ,    ,    ,    . -,     .          ,      .          .                .

         2015 ,       -    .             -  - .      .   ,     ,     ,     . ,        ,         ,       ,         .

     ,   ,      . .        ,     (,   .)      (, , ,   .).             ,      :  -  -.

  .       .          ,        .           ,                        .   - ,                 .

         ,        .  2015        14  ,   , , , , , ,   .        .  ,               ,   ,  ,       .







     ,       .            .      !       ,   ,         . ,    ,  .

    .   ,     ,               .    ,    .   ,  ,  .,     ,              .    ,          ,      ,     .      ,   ,             .       .      ..,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,            ,   .   ,  ,  ,  -,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  -,  ,  ,  ,  -,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  -,  -,  ,  ,  ,     .   ,   .      ,      ,            ,     .

                .    ,          :   ();         XVII  XVIII (   -);       (   );       (,  );    - ( -);    (  );   (-);        ();   ().        ,     ,   ,  -     ,     .          .

                            , ,   .            .          ,            (ECLA)  .  2010             .              .   ,     ,     .      ,  ,  ,       ,   ,  ,  ,      .   2014        ,            .   ,   ,             .           ,      .

  ,       ,     .       , ,   ,    ,     .  :     (    );   .      ( Dissent);    ( The New Statesman);     (  The Los Angeles Review of Books);      . ,       (   ,   ).     !







     ,   .        .  .

 




   


        ,     ,     .   ,  ,      1969         ,  ,    .             ,  ,      .      .  ,        ,      ,  ,  .              [1 - FisherL. The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. New York: Harper & Row, 1983. . 318.].     .

,       .       ,    ,       .           ,    .    ,     .       ,    .

 ,       .  ,       -,        .              -.  ,            .    : ,           ,    , , ,     ,    .       , ,    -  ,    .     ,  ,        ,    ,    .      ,  :          ,   . ,      ,    .     ,      .    ,           .

            .          1348 ,       ,       .         ,       .      ,    joie de vivre     .          :          .    , , ,  [2 - BatailleG. Erotism: Death & Sensuality / Trans. by M.Dalwood. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1986.],     .   ,   ,         ,    ,     , ,   [3 - Ari?s Ph. Western Attitudes toward Death: From the Middle Ages to the Present / Trans. by P.M.Ranum. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. P. 57.].

   ,    .      - ,      .      ,       .    -    ,        ,      .  ,       ,         .  ,               ,       .  ,    ,     ,    ,     ;   -  ,      [4 - PasoliniP.P. Heretical Empiricism / Ed. by Louise K.Barnett. Trans. by B.Lawton and L.K.Barnett. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. P. 236237.] ( . ..).        .    ,     ,     .      ,          , - , , , ,  .     , ,     .    ,       ,  ,     .       ,  ,   ,    ,  .         .      ,         .

   ,         .       .          ,   .    ,     :  ,     ,   ,  - ,   .           ,   :     ,           ,   .         .          .    ,     ,                .      ,         .

 ,  ,        .       ,    ,   ,    .        :    ,  - ,   ,  ,     .  ,       ,      .                 :   .




 


 399   ..     ,       .         .       , ,    ,          .                .  -      .

 415  .. ,   -,     ,    .  415            .   ,    ,      . -,           .

 1535           ,       .     ,           (     I,        VIII,          )       .  , ,   ,      ,         .

 1600          ,         ()  .         . ,  ,    ,   ,       , ,    ,    .         .

 1977   ,  ,    ,             .      ,        77,     .  ,       ,        .




   


     ,    ?     ,           .  ,       ,   ,       .        ,   .      ,     ,  ,     .    ,   ,  ,   .            .

,          ,      ,   .     .           ,       .       ,      ,    ,   ,         ,          (melte thantou).          .  ,           .          :   , , ,               .        ,     :       ,       .

        .  XVI   ,  ,       ,       .  XX          .   ,    ,   ,  ,  ,    ,   .       [5 - WeilS. Gravity and Grace / Trans. by A.Wills. Introductions by G.Thibon and Th.R.Nevin. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. P. 137 (. : .    / .  . ..?. .:  , 2008. . 79).].              .     ,                 ,   .

           ,   ,      . ,       ,       ,        .  ,       ,  ,     .        ,    ,    ,   .    ,     ,   parresiastes,     .          .  parres?a      .

,            .       ,       ,   ,      ,   .     :           .            ,  .          ,    .      , , ,   .  -       :        ,        .      :          ,     ,    ,  ..       .      -.          .

   ,     ,   ,    ,    ,  ,  .         ,             .   ,     ,       .       ,    .      ,         . ,    ,  ,         .        :     ,     .  ,          .  ,       []           ,       ,      [6 - . : Kriseov E. Vclav Havel / Trans. by C.Crain. New York: St Martins Press, 1993. P. 108.].         :        ,   ,     .   :       .               ,   ,     ,    .

    ,     .        ,   .   , ,  , ,      .    ,  ,       ,   ,  .    ,    ,     ,     .  , , ,    , ,      ,     ,  ,   .    ,   , ,   ,      .           ,        .  ,       ,    .       ,     .     ,          ,   ,   ,    ,   .

     , ,      ,        (,    )     :  ,  .     .    ,       .          , ,   ,   .         ,     :        .

 , ,    ,  ,      ,        .       ,      ,     ,     ,   .   ,        ,    . ,         ,             .       ,          ,           .       .




 


 ,     ,   . ,  ,      , ?      .  ,        ,        . ,        ,   ,        .  -        ,    ,             .         .            .          .        ,        .   ,      , :       ?       .   ,           ,      ,        .       ?

     :       [7 - . : Ahrensdorf P. The Death of Socrates and the Live of Philosophy. An Interpretation of Platos Phaedo. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1995. . 2.].    ,    ,      ,       , ,  ,  ,   .        ,      -.         ,    ,      ,   . , ,      ,      ,   ,       .              ,     .  ,   ,        -     , ,          .        ,     .

-,   ,   ,        ,    :   ,   ,  .       ,     .  ,   ,        .          (sacer): ,     (), ,  ,        .  , ,    ,      .    ,       ,       ,      .           ,      ,   ,       .

-,       ,            .  ,        ,       . ,  ,      ,     ,      [8 - GirardR. Violence and the Sacred / Trans. by P.Gregory. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979. . 4 (. : .    / . ... .:   , 2000. . 10).].    ,         .  ,      ,       .                  ,        .  :           ,     ,  ,   ,       .

   ,       ,    ,     -.  ,       .    , ,    .   ,   -      . ,            (   ,  ,  ).        ,     -,     .    ,        .            ,        .     :             ,    .      :             ,          .            .       .  ,   ,     .   ,    ,         .     -,    ,              ,   ,        .




   


     ,      ,  .    ,            . ,     ,       .  ,   ,     ,        .   ,    ,      ,       .  ,       ,      ,    .      ,   .      ,      ,     .     .




 1.    



[]        ,    .        ,       .  ,          .  ,         ,   ,   .       ,     ,   ,     ,   ,  ,  .

 

        , .   ,           ,  ,     ,      .     -  ,    ;  ,     .              ,   .     ,           :  . ,      ,     :       ,   ,  .  ,      ,   -  -. ,     ,     ,  ,  .




  


 1486      (14631494)   23 ,       .     ,       ,   .     - ,           ,       .         ,     .       ,    -      XV,     .    ,        .                 .

         ,    (    )     ,      .               ,     ,        .    ,    ,            , , , , , ,    ,   ,   , , , ,   .   ,   .   ,       .  VIII,        ,     .       ,     .      ,        .

,        ,     ,    ,   :      .         Oratio de hominis dignitate (   ).      ,     :



 , -      ,      .     ,  ,  ,   -,       ,    ,   . ,       .       ,      ,   ,       ,    ,     .    ;     ,    [9 - Mirandola G.Pico della. Oration on the Dignity of Man / Ed. by E.Cassirer, P.O.Kristeller and J.H.Randall. The Renaissance Philosophy of Man. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948. . 223224 (.. .    .        //  . .: , 1981. . 1. . 248249).].


      ,       ,    ,    :    . ,       .        ,   ,   ,     .   ,    ,       . ,      ,     .           .

,         ,   , ,    .                     :       ,      .            ,        - .     ,   ,      :



    ,  ,       ,     ,     .     ,      ,  []    [10 - Ibid. . 224 ( . . 249).]


 ,  ,            ,    .       (indiscretae opus imaginis,     ).      ,      ,   ,    ,         .    ,       :   ,  (indiscretus) ,  ,  .

,      ,    .        ,   ?             ,     (discretus) . ,       ,    ,   .       .        ,    ,       .   :



   ,  ,   ,   ,   ,   ,  ,       ,      .         .  ,    ,      ,      .      ,       ,    .      ,  ,  ,  ,   ,    ,    ,   .     ,  ,          , [11 - Mirandola G.Pico della. Oration on the Dignity of Man. . 224 (.. .    . . 249).].


    ,       ,  ,   ,    ,  ,      (nec sertain sedem, nec propriam faciem).            .   ,     ,        ;    ,       .         ,  , ,  ,  ,   .  ,     (  )  ,       .   ,   ,    ,       .  ,  ,   ,    ,          ,     . ,      , ?           ,   ,     .   ,    ,  ni ange ni b?te ( ,  ),     ,     [12 - ,        XX      ,  ,  ,   ,   .].




߻   [13 -         ,     ,      ,     ,     .   ,     (.: Bradatan., CritchleyS., MazzottaG., Nehamas A. Of Poets and Thinkers. A Conversation on Philosophy, Literature, and the Rebuilding of the World // The European Legacy. Vol. 14.5 (August 2009). P. 519534).]


      .  1980         ,       (  . ..)      .    ,             .        ,      ,  ,     ,     [14 -             (Taylor Ch. Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989),       ,        .].    (15331592)      ,     .              (16681744).    ,        ;      .   ,     ,      ,  .  ,  ,        [15 - MazzottaG. The New Map of the World. The Poetic Philosophy of Giambattista Vico. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. P. 27.].     ,   ,  ,   .      ,   .    ,     .   ,  ,      ,      [16 - Ibid. P. 18.         ,  ,     , ,   , subjectum   ,    ,        (Ibid. P. 19).    ,         .].

,     ,    ,  ,  . ,           .      :  .         !    ,    ,      .   ,  ,  ,    ,     ,    ,       ,          ,      .  ,      ,       ,    ,   :          ,               [17 - NietzscheF. The Gay Science / Trans. with Commentary by W.Kaufmann. New York: Random House, 1974. P. 290 (. : .   (La Gaya Scienza) / . .. // :  2. . 1. .: , 1990. . 290).].

 ,            ,        ,      . ߻    ,                .   [18 -       :        -,  ,   - ,    .             ,     ,       (NehamasA. The Art of Living. Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1998. . 45).].       ,   ,       ,   (  ?) .    ,    ,                 .   ,      -    ,      ,   .        ,  ,         ,         . ,       ()       (. character),             ,     ,       .    ,  ,   ,   .

߻    -,         .   ,       ,      ,    . ,  ,  ,   ,   ,  ,      .   ,          ,   [19 -   ,   ,        :       ,    ,             (StokD. (ed.). Kieslowski on Kieslowski. London: Faber and Faber, 1993. . 35).].      ,       ,    ,   ,   ,  ,       .     ,       ,  ,      : ,  ,   ,     [20 - ,         ,        ,   ,          .      ,  ,          .].

    ,    ,       .  1486 .               ,        .      ,            .  ,     .      ,      ,   .   ,     ---   ,          .  ,       ,             .  ,             ,         [21 -     (1996)     ,       ,     .   , ,     ,    ,        ,        (Costa Lima L. Control of the Imaginary: Reason and Imagination in Modern Times / Trans. by R.W.Sousa. Afterword by J.Schulte-Sasse. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1988. . 2).].

,  ,      ,      ,         .       ,           .      ,      - ,       .            .          ,   [22 -   ,  ,    . ,   ,          1970-  1980- ,     1990-    .     ,    ,  ,  ,  . ,       .  2000-             .].

       ,         .       . ,  ,    .        ,      XX .




   


            .  ,     .     ,         (   ,    , ,   .) ,        ,   ,     .   ,    ,     .

  1970-    (19222010),   -[23 -             ,          ,    ,  ,   .],    exercices spirituels ( ),   ,    .       ,      .    ,     .   Exercitia spiritia (1548) ,       ,     - .     ,        ,       [24 - HadotP. Exercices spirituels et philosophie antique. Paris: tudes Augustiniennes, 1987. . 82 (. : .     . .; .:  ;  , 2005. . 85).].  1981         Exercices spirituels et philosophie antique[25 -          1995   Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault.].       (19261984).    .           ,    ,      .       ,     ,  ,     (une mani?re de vivre).        [26 -  ,        ,     :   ,   1982         .   ,       (DavidsonA.I. Introduction: Pierre Hadot and the Spiritual Phenomenon of Ancient Philosophy // HadotP. Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault / Ed. with an Introduction by A.I.Davidson. Trans. by M.Chase. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. . 1).].

      .      ,   ,        .  - ,     ,          .   ,           .              ?    ,      .      ,    [27 -               (CooperJ. Pursuits of Wisdom: Six Ways of Life in Ancient Philosophy from Socrates to Plotinus. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011).],      ,     . ,  1995 ,   Quest-ce que la philosophie antique?[28 -    What is Ancient Philosophy?        2002 . .. (     . .: .     / .  . ... .:   , 1999.  ..)],    ?,     ;          1981 ,    .    ,     ,     ,  1984 .  ,   , Le souci de soi (  ),           .           . , ,          [29 - ,       :    ,   . ,            ,     ,   ,     (HadotP. Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, P. 206207).],     ,   problmatique.    ,      ? [30 -      -  ,  , ,     ,              .      ,     ,        .].

 ,   exercices spirituels ( )  pratiques de soi ( ),  ,       ,   .  ,        (ralisation de soi).       ,   1990-      ,     ,   .     ,          .        :  .      [31 - Nehamas A. The Art of Living. Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault.].         ,         ,   ,     ,        .




    


        .    . ,          ,     ,        ,      [32 -              (CooperD.E. Thinkers of Our Time: Heidegger. London: Claridge Press, 1996).].  ,    ,   ,       .     (1845) ,  ,   :



     ,     ,   [33 - MarxK., EngelsF. The German Ideology, including Theses on Feuerbach. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1998. Vol. I. P. 15 (. : .,  .    // . .:  30. 2- . .:    , 1955. . 3. . 4).].


              ,     .       ,      ,   .  ,         ,        .                .         , ,     ,   . Plus ?a change[34 -        .       .  ,                  (CooperD.E. Convergence with Nature. UIT Cambridge Ltd., 2012).] ,         , ,   ,       .      : Du mu?t dein Leben ?ndern (    )[35 -              (SloterdijkP. You Must Change Your Life. London: Polity Press, 2013).].     ,  ,       :   ,   ,      , .         ,     .  ,     :        ,        .

             ,      ,    .        ,  -              ,   ,  ,    . ,    ,     . ,    ,   ,   ,   :  ,      .         ,        :       . ,           ,   .      ,      .     ,  ,     ,   .     ,    ,    .        !




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/chitat-onlayn/?art=70415425)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


FisherL. The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. New York: Harper & Row, 1983. . 318.




2


BatailleG. Erotism: Death & Sensuality / Trans. by M.Dalwood. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1986.




3


Ari?s Ph. Western Attitudes toward Death: From the Middle Ages to the Present / Trans. by P.M.Ranum. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. P. 57.




4


PasoliniP.P. Heretical Empiricism / Ed. by Louise K.Barnett. Trans. by B.Lawton and L.K.Barnett. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. P. 236237.




5


WeilS. Gravity and Grace / Trans. by A.Wills. Introductions by G.Thibon and Th.R.Nevin. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. P. 137 (. : .    / .  . ..?. .:  , 2008. . 79).




6


. : Kriseov E. Vclav Havel / Trans. by C.Crain. New York: St Martins Press, 1993. P. 108.




7


. : Ahrensdorf P. The Death of Socrates and the Live of Philosophy. An Interpretation of Platos Phaedo. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1995. . 2.




8


GirardR. Violence and the Sacred / Trans. by P.Gregory. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979. . 4 (. : .    / . ... .:   , 2000. . 10).




9


Mirandola G.Pico della. Oration on the Dignity of Man / Ed. by E.Cassirer, P.O.Kristeller and J.H.Randall. The Renaissance Philosophy of Man. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948. . 223224 (.. .    .        //  . .: , 1981. . 1. . 248249).




10


Ibid. . 224 ( . . 249).




11


Mirandola G.Pico della. Oration on the Dignity of Man. . 224 (.. .    . . 249).




12


,        XX      ,  ,  ,   ,   .




13


        ,     ,      ,     ,     .   ,     (.: Bradatan., CritchleyS., MazzottaG., Nehamas A. Of Poets and Thinkers. A Conversation on Philosophy, Literature, and the Rebuilding of the World // The European Legacy. Vol. 14.5 (August 2009). P. 519534).




14


            (Taylor Ch. Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989),       ,        .




15


MazzottaG. The New Map of the World. The Poetic Philosophy of Giambattista Vico. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. P. 27.




16


Ibid. P. 18.         ,  ,     , ,   , subjectum   ,    ,        (Ibid. P. 19).    ,         .




17


NietzscheF. The Gay Science / Trans. with Commentary by W.Kaufmann. New York: Random House, 1974. P. 290 (. : .   (La Gaya Scienza) / . .. // :  2. . 1. .: , 1990. . 290).




18


      :        -,  ,   - ,    .             ,     ,       (NehamasA. The Art of Living. Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1998. . 45).




19


  ,   ,        :       ,    ,             (StokD. (ed.). Kieslowski on Kieslowski. London: Faber and Faber, 1993. . 35).




20


,         ,        ,   ,          .      ,  ,          .




21


    (1996)     ,       ,     .   , ,     ,    ,        ,        (Costa Lima L. Control of the Imaginary: Reason and Imagination in Modern Times / Trans. by R.W.Sousa. Afterword by J.Schulte-Sasse. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1988. . 2).




22


  ,  ,    . ,   ,          1970-  1980- ,     1990-    .     ,    ,  ,  ,  . ,       .  2000-             .




23


            ,          ,    ,  ,   .




24


HadotP. Exercices spirituels et philosophie antique. Paris: tudes Augustiniennes, 1987. . 82 (. : .     . .; .:  ;  , 2005. . 85).




25


         1995   Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault.




26


 ,        ,     :   ,   1982         .   ,       (DavidsonA.I. Introduction: Pierre Hadot and the Spiritual Phenomenon of Ancient Philosophy // HadotP. Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault / Ed. with an Introduction by A.I.Davidson. Trans. by M.Chase. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. . 1).




27


              (CooperJ. Pursuits of Wisdom: Six Ways of Life in Ancient Philosophy from Socrates to Plotinus. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011).




28


   What is Ancient Philosophy?        2002 . .. (     . .: .     / .  . ... .:   , 1999.  ..)




29


,       :    ,   . ,            ,     ,   ,     (HadotP. Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, P. 206207).




30


     -  ,  , ,     ,              .      ,     ,        .




31


Nehamas A. The Art of Living. Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault.




32


             (CooperD.E. Thinkers of Our Time: Heidegger. London: Claridge Press, 1996).




33


MarxK., EngelsF. The German Ideology, including Theses on Feuerbach. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1998. Vol. I. P. 15 (. : .,  .    // . .:  30. 2- . .:    , 1955. . 3. . 4).




34


       .       .  ,                  (CooperD.E. Convergence with Nature. UIT Cambridge Ltd., 2012).




35


             (SloterdijkP. You Must Change Your Life. London: Polity Press, 2013).


