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THE SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP

An object relations veiw of sex and the family

David E.Scharff, M.D.



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 1998, 1982 by David E.Scharff

 -,    , , 2008


* * *


 







   


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                ,         .      ,         .  ,      (19721973),            .   ,                .              ,       .         ,     :        (1967)      ,    ,      .             ,        :       (1976).   ,          ,            ,        .

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  Hospital Publications,  Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality  Human Sciences Press,  Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy       ,     ,   Jason Aronson Inc.      Female Sexuality and the Oedipus Complex  .    I   ,     ( : 1954 John Ciardi),    The New American Library, Inc., New York.







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   1998 


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 1998




 1. 


                .     ,   ,  ,   .   ,     ,         ,    .   ,        ,    ,              .

 ,                  ,       .        , , ,   ,    ,     ,      ,            .  ,             (     ),        .  ,        :    ,       .

                     [2 - J.Breuer and S.Freud, Studies on steria, in The Standard Editio of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 2, J.Strachey (ed.) (London: The Hogarth Press, 1955); and S.Freud, Three essays on the theory of sexuality, 1905, in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 7, J.Strachey (ed.) (London: The Hogarth Press, 1953), pp. 125245.].      ,       ,        [3 - A.Freud, The Psychoanalytical Treatment of Children (New York: International Universities Press, 1959). M.Klein, The Psycho-Analysis of Children (London: The Hogarth Press, 1932).].             .   ,         ,               .           1966.[4 - W.H.Masters and V.E.Johnson, Human Sexual Response (Boston: Little, Brown, 1966).]          ,         .            [5 - W.H.Masters and V.E.Johnson, Human Sexual Inadequacy (Bos ton: Little, Brown, 1970). H.S.Kaplan, The New Sex Therapy: Active Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1974). H.S.Kaplan, Disorders of Sexual Desire and Other New Concepts and Techniques in Sex Therapy (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1979).].                     .

                   .          ,  ,  ,   ,    .    ,          ,      ,         [6 - J.D.Sutherland, Object-relations theory and the conceptual model of psychoanalysis, British Journal of Medical Psychology 36 (1963): 109  24.]. ,          ,   ,     .          -     . ,      ,      .      ,          .

    ,     ,      .         ,           .   ,                 ,      ,   .        ,   ,         ,       .     ,           .

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 2.  


 ,    ,  ,   ,     .  ,  ,    .

 ,     [8 - S.Freud, Three essays on the theory of sexuality, 1905, in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 7, J.Strachey (ed.) (London: The Hogarth Press, 1953), pp. 125245. . p. 222.]

          .     ,  ,   ,       ,           .          ,   ,  ,          .         ,                  ,            ,        .

    ,     .        ,         ,         .         [9 - D.W.Winnicott, The theory of the parent-infant relationship, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 41 (1960): 585  95. The term psycho-somatic partnership appears in D.W.Winnicotts Playing and Reality (London: Tavistock, 1971).].          ,      ,      ,          . (         ,       ,    ,        .  ,    ,    ,       ,      .)

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,    ,   ,    ,   .      ,  , ,   [10 -               ,       (I. Handelsman, The effects of early object relationships on sexual development: Autistic and symbiotic modes of adaptation, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 20 (1965): 367  83.).             ,         .      ,  ,    ,        ,  ,   ,              .            .          ,     .        ,         .           . ,       ,       .       ,       .].                ,             ,        ,       [11 - T.B.Brazleton and H.Als, Four early stages in the development of motherinfant interaction, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 34 (1979): 349  69.]. ,        ,     (, , )    ( , , )       . ,       ,       ,     -   [12 -         ,        .].              ,    .          ,      ,           .


    

 ,        ,    .               ,    [13 - Freud, op. cit.].      ,         ,        [14 -     , , ,   . ., , R.Spitz, The First Year of Life: A Psychoanalytic Study of Normal and Deviant Object Relations (New York: International Universities Press, 1965); J.Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, vol. I, Attachment (1969); vol. II, Separation: Anxiety and Anger (1973); vol. III, Loss: Sadness and Depression (1980) (London: The Hogarth Press; and New York: Basic Books); D.W.Winnicott, The Maturational Process and the Facilitating Environment: Studies on the Theory of Emotional Development (London: The Hogarth Press, 1972); M.Mahler, F.Pine, and A.Bergman, The Psychological Birth of the HumanInfant: Symbiosis and Individuation (New York: Basic Books, 1975).].       [15 -             J.D.Sutherland. ,    ,     I   . The British object relations theorists: Balint, Winnicott, Fairbairn, Guntrip, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 28, 4 (1980): 829  60.]        ,         ,    .                ,[16 - H.V.Dicks, Marital Tensions: Clinical Studies Towards a Psycho logical Theory of Interaction (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1967); A.C.R.Skynner, Systems of Family and Marital Psycho therapy (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1976).]               .      ,      :  ,  , ;  ,  , ,  ,  , .       ,     .                [17 -   I     ,  .... .   Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1952),      An Object-Relations Theory of the Personality (New York: Basic Books, 1954).]. , ,    ,            .    ,   ,                     .

      ,          - [18 -          ,  ,          ,         , , ,     ,   .                    .       : J.Tanner, Sequence, tempo and individual variation in the growth and development of boys and girls aged twelve to sixteen, Daedalus 100 (1971): 907  30; J.Money and A.Ehrhardt, Man and Woman, Boy and Girl: Differentiation and Dimorphism of Gender Identity (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972); H.S.Kaplan, The New Sex Therapy: Active Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction (New York: Brunner/ Mazel, 1974): W.H.Masters and V.E.Johnson, Human Sexual Response (Boston: Little, Brown, 1966).       B.J.Sadock, H.I.Kaplan,  A.M.Freedman, The Sexual Experience (Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1976).].         .                .           ,         .


    

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       ,  ,      ,        ,     ,  ,  ,  .       ,      ,         ,             [21 - M.Klein, Notes on some schizoid mechanisms, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 27, 3 (1946): 99  110. Also published in Envy and Gratitude and Others Works, 19461963 (London: The Hogarth Press, 1975).].                 ,  ,  ,     .

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 ,   [23 - H.Lichtenstein, Identity and sexuality, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 9 (1961): 207.]

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    ,     .    ,  ,   ,     -   ,      ,     ,      ,    ,     ,     [24 - R.Spitz, Hospitalism: An inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 1 (1945): 5374; and Hospitalism: A follow-up report, Psycho analytic Study of the Child 2 (1946): 113  17.].         ,       ,     ,  ,           -,  ,            ,       .  -        .

            ,      :     .       ,        .        ,   ,    ,                . ,        ,  ,       ,     .         ,    [25 -              .          Identification of infants at risk for child neglect: Observations and inferences in the examination of the mother-infant dyad,  G.Williams and J.Money, eds., Traumatic Abuse and Neglect of Children at Home (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978), pp. 240  6. .  T.B.Brazleton and H.Als, Four early stages in the development of mother-infant interaction, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 34 (1979): 349  69.].     ,    ,             ,    .        ,     ,    ,        (      ),     .   ,       ,      ,       -   ,  -    .     .

      ,    ,     ,      -         .          ,      ,    ,       .

         ,     36   .         [26 - Fraiberg, E.Adelson, and V.Shapiro, Ghosts in the nursery: A psychoanalytic approach to the problems of impaired mother-infant relationships, Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 14, 3 (1975): 387421. .  S.Fraiberg, ed., Clini cal Studies on Infant Mental Health: The First Year of Life (New York: Basic Books, 1980).] ,    ,    ,     ,      ,      . ,             ,       .     ,                    .                  ,   ,  ,     ,       .           ,        .        -,          ,     .          ,          .           ,     ,                 [27 -  ,     , ,            . ,         ,   ,       ,       . (S.Greenspan, 1981,  .)].

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  ,       ,      ,   : , ,           ;    ,          ;                    .        ,   ,   ,      [28 - J.Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, vol. I, Attachment (London: The Hogarth Press, 1969), esp. chapter 13, A control systems approach to attachment behaviour.].         ,         .        ,      . (  ,       ,       .)           [29 - J.Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, vols. I, II and III (London: The Hogarth Press, 1969, 1973, 1980).].


 

     ,      ,    ,        .  (   ,     )             [30 - J.Bowlby, op. cit, 1973, p. 366 (in the 1975 Penguin edition).].


,  , 

,         ,   .     ,           .          ,     .  ,     ,   ,       (,  ,      )            [31 - Ibid., esp. p. 247 in the Penguin edition.].




        ,    .          ;          .        .     ,   , ,      ,           .

                ,     .         ,     ,         ,  -,  ,          [32 - C.Schwarzbeck, 1981,  .]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/devid-e-sharff/seksualnye-otnosheniya-seks-i-semya-s-tochki-zreniya-teorii-obektnyh-otnosheniy/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  -             :   .




2


J.Breuer and S.Freud, Studies on steria, in The Standard Editio of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 2, J.Strachey (ed.) (London: The Hogarth Press, 1955); and S.Freud, Three essays on the theory of sexuality, 1905, in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 7, J.Strachey (ed.) (London: The Hogarth Press, 1953), pp. 125245.




3


A.Freud, The Psychoanalytical Treatment of Children (New York: International Universities Press, 1959). M.Klein, The Psycho-Analysis of Children (London: The Hogarth Press, 1932).




4


W.H.Masters and V.E.Johnson, Human Sexual Response (Boston: Little, Brown, 1966).




5


W.H.Masters and V.E.Johnson, Human Sexual Inadequacy (Bos ton: Little, Brown, 1970). H.S.Kaplan, The New Sex Therapy: Active Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1974). H.S.Kaplan, Disorders of Sexual Desire and Other New Concepts and Techniques in Sex Therapy (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1979).




6


J.D.Sutherland, Object-relations theory and the conceptual model of psychoanalysis, British Journal of Medical Psychology 36 (1963): 109  24.




7


Kaplan, op. cit., 1974.




8


S.Freud, Three essays on the theory of sexuality, 1905, in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 7, J.Strachey (ed.) (London: The Hogarth Press, 1953), pp. 125245. . p. 222.




9


D.W.Winnicott, The theory of the parent-infant relationship, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 41 (1960): 585  95. The term psycho-somatic partnership appears in D.W.Winnicotts Playing and Reality (London: Tavistock, 1971).




10


              ,       (I. Handelsman, The effects of early object relationships on sexual development: Autistic and symbiotic modes of adaptation, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 20 (1965): 367  83.).             ,         .      ,  ,    ,        ,  ,   ,              .            .          ,     .        ,         .           . ,       ,       .       ,       .




11


T.B.Brazleton and H.Als, Four early stages in the development of motherinfant interaction, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 34 (1979): 349  69.




12


        ,        .




13


Freud, op. cit.




14


    , , ,   . ., , R.Spitz, The First Year of Life: A Psychoanalytic Study of Normal and Deviant Object Relations (New York: International Universities Press, 1965); J.Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, vol. I, Attachment (1969); vol. II, Separation: Anxiety and Anger (1973); vol. III, Loss: Sadness and Depression (1980) (London: The Hogarth Press; and New York: Basic Books); D.W.Winnicott, The Maturational Process and the Facilitating Environment: Studies on the Theory of Emotional Development (London: The Hogarth Press, 1972); M.Mahler, F.Pine, and A.Bergman, The Psychological Birth of the HumanInfant: Symbiosis and Individuation (New York: Basic Books, 1975).




15


            J.D.Sutherland. ,    ,     I   . The British object relations theorists: Balint, Winnicott, Fairbairn, Guntrip, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 28, 4 (1980): 829  60.




16


H.V.Dicks, Marital Tensions: Clinical Studies Towards a Psycho logical Theory of Interaction (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1967); A.C.R.Skynner, Systems of Family and Marital Psycho therapy (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1976).




17


  I     ,  .... .   Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1952),      An Object-Relations Theory of the Personality (New York: Basic Books, 1954).




18


         ,  ,          ,         , , ,     ,   .                    .       : J.Tanner, Sequence, tempo and individual variation in the growth and development of boys and girls aged twelve to sixteen, Daedalus 100 (1971): 907  30; J.Money and A.Ehrhardt, Man and Woman, Boy and Girl: Differentiation and Dimorphism of Gender Identity (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972); H.S.Kaplan, The New Sex Therapy: Active Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction (New York: Brunner/ Mazel, 1974): W.H.Masters and V.E.Johnson, Human Sexual Response (Boston: Little, Brown, 1966).       B.J.Sadock, H.I.Kaplan,  A.M.Freedman, The Sexual Experience (Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1976).




19


  (Hanna Segal)           .            ,          .  ,              ,    ,   .

   ,     ,   ,     .         ,    .           (Hanna Segal, A psychoanalytic contribution to aesthetics, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 33 (1952): 196207,  Notes on symbol formation, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 38 (1957): 391  7).




20


D.W.Winnicott, Collected Papers: Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis (London: Tavistock, 1958).




21


M.Klein, Notes on some schizoid mechanisms, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 27, 3 (1946): 99  110. Also published in Envy and Gratitude and Others Works, 19461963 (London: The Hogarth Press, 1975).




22


   - .  II.




23


H.Lichtenstein, Identity and sexuality, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 9 (1961): 207.




24


R.Spitz, Hospitalism: An inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 1 (1945): 5374; and Hospitalism: A follow-up report, Psycho analytic Study of the Child 2 (1946): 113  17.




25


             .          Identification of infants at risk for child neglect: Observations and inferences in the examination of the mother-infant dyad,  G.Williams and J.Money, eds., Traumatic Abuse and Neglect of Children at Home (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978), pp. 240  6. .  T.B.Brazleton and H.Als, Four early stages in the development of mother-infant interaction, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 34 (1979): 349  69.




26


Fraiberg, E.Adelson, and V.Shapiro, Ghosts in the nursery: A psychoanalytic approach to the problems of impaired mother-infant relationships, Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 14, 3 (1975): 387421. .  S.Fraiberg, ed., Clini cal Studies on Infant Mental Health: The First Year of Life (New York: Basic Books, 1980).




27


 ,     , ,            . ,         ,   ,       ,       . (S.Greenspan, 1981,  .)




28


J.Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, vol. I, Attachment (London: The Hogarth Press, 1969), esp. chapter 13, A control systems approach to attachment behaviour.




29


J.Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, vols. I, II and III (London: The Hogarth Press, 1969, 1973, 1980).




30


J.Bowlby, op. cit, 1973, p. 366 (in the 1975 Penguin edition).




31


Ibid., esp. p. 247 in the Penguin edition.




32


C.Schwarzbeck, 1981,  .


