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       ,           ,   .          ,   ,            . ߠ      [4 -      ,   , ,  ,  ,  ,  ..,  ,   memory studies     ,    .], ,     ,      memory studies.       .

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                (1987).   (  ) ,      .      .      ,        ,     ,    .            .  ,  ,    -             .

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 XIXXX                   ,    ,   [29 -       .     ,      . . : Berger S., Conrad C. The Past as History. National Identity and Historical Consciousness in Modern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.].  ,   ,     ,       ,          蠫 .

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,  [37 -      :  ,    ,      ,    ,      .        ,    :  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  .    .  ,        ,  /  .  ,        ,     ,   ,  , -,   -,       .        :  (  ) ,   . .:  . ii  : i  i ii (http://historians.in.ua/index.php/en/istoriya-i-pamyat-vazhki-pitannya/379-volodymyr-kulyk-natsionalistychne-proty-radianskoho-istorychna-pamiat-u-nezalezhnii-ukraini (http://historians.in.ua/index.php/en/istoriya-i-pamyat-vazhki-pitannya/379-volodymyr-kulyk-natsionalistychne-proty-radianskoho-istorychna-pamiat-u-nezalezhnii-ukraini));  .  :       // Ab Imperio. 2004. 2. .329367;  .     (http://www.strana-oz.ru/2007/1/kultura-pamyati-i-politika-zabveniya (http://www.strana-oz.ru/2007/1/kultura-pamyati-i-politika-zabveniya)).]  ,     ,  .     .  ,   ,     ,       .      /   ,       . /       ,          , / .  /       :   (-)   (  ).

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 1997           memory studies   .    , , -,       ,   , -,      ,   ,    ,   .    1990-,   ,   ,         .   ,  ,    ,       ,         ,     .   ,      ,          -   ,     ( )                 ,   [48 - Confino A. Collective Memory and Cultural History: Problems of Method// American Historical Review. December 1997. .13861403.].

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 2. 




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1


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2


., : WolfrumE. Geschichtspolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Der Weg zur bundesrepublikanischen Erinnerung 19481990. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Darmstadt, 1999; FeinE. Geschichtspolitik in Russland. Chancen und Schwierigkeiten einen demokratisierenden Aufarbeitung der sowjetischen Vergangenheit am Beispiel der T?tigkeit der Gesellschaft MEMORIAL. Munster; Hamburg; London: LIT Verlag, 2001; . Danse macabre.  19321933 i ii, i ii  iiii (1980-i 2000-).  , 2010; Stryjek.Ukraina przed koncem Historii. Szkice o polityce panstw wobec pamieci. Warszawa, 2014; .  :       . , 2015; .  i. i i ii. , 2016.      ,       1200 (!) . .: .  i . i i i i 19942014: i, , ii, . i: ..., 2017.




3


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4


     ,   , ,  ,  ,  ,  ..,  ,   memory studies     ,    .




5


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6


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7


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8


,          ,    .    ,  46 (   130),  : Nora . Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past. 3vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 19961998.




9


Connerton P.How Societies Remember. Cambridge University Press, 1989.     ,  .     ,    . .: Connerton P.How Modernity Forgets. Cambridge University Press, 2009,     : Connerton P.Seven types of forgetting// Memory Studies. 2008. 1. .5971.




10


OlickJ.K. The Politics of Regret: On Collective Memory and Historical Responsibility. New York; London, 2007. .23.




11


Ibid. .2829.




12


Ibid. .3334.




13


      1980-.       : Assman J. Communicative and Cultural Memory// ErllA., N?nning A. (eds.). Cultural Memory Studies. An International and Interdisciplinary Handbook. Berlin; New York, 2008. .109118.




14


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15


Le Goff J. History and Memory/ Translated by S.Rendall, E. Claman. Columbia University Press, 1992. .54.




16


      : , , ,  ..,  ,    .




17


Zinn H. The Politics of History. 2nd ed. Chicago; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990.




18


.  :  .   .      (https://gorky.media/context/germaniya-posle-holokosta/ (https://gorky.media/context/germaniya-posle-holokosta/)).




19


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20


  . : Forever in the shadow of Hitler? riginal documents of the Historikerstreit, the controversy concerning the singularity of the Holocaust/ Trans. by J. Knowlton, T. Cates. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1993;            .: Berger S.German History Politics and the National Socialist Past// MillerA., Lipman M. (eds.). Convolutions of Historical Politics. Ney York; Budapest: CEU Press, 2012. .2444.




21


Wolfrum E. Geschichtspolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Der Weg zur bundesrepublikanischen Erinnerung 19481990. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1999. S.25.




22


Fein E. Geschichtspolitik in Russland. Chancen und Schwierigkeiten einen demokratisierenden Aufarbeitung der sowjetischen Vergangenheit am Beispiel der T?tigkeit der Gesellschaft Memorial. Munster; Hamburg; London: LIT Verlag, 2001; Heinrich H.-A., Kohlstruck M. Geschichtspolitik und sozialwissenschaftliche Theorie. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2008; Fr?hlich C., Heinrich H.-A. (Hrsg.). Geschichtspolitik. Wer sind ihre Akteure, wer ihre Rezipienten. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004; Francois E., Konczal K., Traba R., TroebstS. (Hrsg.). Geschichtspolitik in Europa seit 1989. Deutschland, Frankreich und Polen im internationalen Vergleich. G?ttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2013.




23


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.:  .     XXI//  .,  . (.).   21 . .:   , 2012. .6971.               ,      : OchmanE. Post-Communist Poland: Contested Past and Future Identities. Routledge, 2014.




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Polska polityka historyczna// Biuletyn Instytutu Pamieci Narodowej. 2006. 5 (64). S.1617.




26


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27


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28


   .  . ,   .




29


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30


                 :  .   :    //  :   . 2011. 4. .330340; .    :    //  :   . 2013. 2. .200214.




31


       -   .




32


 蠖    ,               . .: Bernhard M., Kubik J. (eds.). Twenty Years After Communism: The Politics of Memory and Commemoration. Oxford University Press, 2014. .1516.




33


Ibid. .16.




34


 蠖   ,   . ,       .     ,  (,          . ).




35


      .       :    ,   1990-,      ,   -.




36


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-       ,        :  .     ,       .        .        /      .

-    ,         .    (, )    .         (,  ),         .




37


     :  ,    ,      ,    ,      .        ,    :  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  .

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38


, , - ,  , , ,  ,       ,     .




39


, ,  .




40


, , , , , , , , , , , , ,  .




41


Nora P.Between Memory and History// Nora P.Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past. Vol.1. Conflicts and Division. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. .3.




42


Nora P.Between Memory and History. .34.




43


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44


      ,        .        .




45


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46


 . .103105.




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49


., :  . i: i i// . 1999. 11;  . i i,     ii, i  i ii  ii// i. 2004. 3.




50


i  (`   ). . 15 (4). i, 2009; i䠖 i: -i i. . 1314: . .:   i i: i -ii . i, 2009.




51


i..    iii  i   ii iii// i:  , i ii, i. 20062007. 15. .855862; i..  i : i  i  ii i// ii i. 2008. 4 (9). .3543.




52


 . i  i i i. i  (http://www.niss.gov.ua/articles/269/ (http://www.niss.gov.ua/articles/269/)).




53


i..  i i    ii ii ii: . . . i. : 23.00.05.  i;   i  i. ... ., 2009; .. i ii i ii ii: .  . i. : 09.00.03. . . - i. ..i. ., 2008; .




54


i.. (.).       ii. i   22 i 2008 . .: Ͳ, 2008;  i     -i-i  (https://ua.boell.org/uk/2010/02/06/istorichna-konferenciya-pamyat-yak-pole-zmagan-u-polsko-rosiysko-ukrayinskomu-trikutniku (https://ua.boell.org/uk/2010/02/06/istorichna-konferenciya-pamyat-yak-pole-zmagan-u-polsko-rosiysko-ukrayinskomu-trikutniku)); i i i  i i i:   i  (http://www.lvivcenter.org/uk/conferences/urban-seminars/?newsid=1210 (http://www.lvivcenter.org/uk/conferences/urban-seminars/?newsid=1210)).




55


..  : ii, , ii. .:i i. ..  i, 2012;  .  i . i i   ii i  i i. .: ..., 2014; . ii i. -ii  i i. .:i-, 2016;  .  i. i i ii. .: LAURUS, 2016.




56


 . (.).  ii i:   i i. i: i i. .. , 2013.




57


    : i, i  i: i  ii  i (http://www.lvivcenter.org/uk/researchprojects/stgallenproject/ (http://www.lvivcenter.org/uk/researchprojects/stgallenproject/)).




58


i  i :   ii/ . . . ... .:   i, 2013.




59


ii i ii. (ii . iii )/ , . ., . . . . .:   i, 2013.




60


        :      ,             ,     .          -       .




61


 . ii i ii: i ii // iࠖ i: i i  . i: i, ii i, 2014. . 14. .271




62


., : ..      ii ii// i i . 2002. 5. .4962; i..  i i ii:    // ii i. 2008. 3 (8). .4153.




63


.: http://likbez.org.ua/ua/ (http://likbez.org.ua/ua/).




64


,     .                     ,   . ,   -   ,      (. ),  ( - )  - ,  (, , ),           . ,     ,     ,     ,     ,   .      : Wolff L. Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of Enlightenment. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994; Todorova M. Imagining the Balkans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.          ,   (, ,  )   ,      (      ),      󠖠 ,     , ,      , -   ,      ,          ,      .     2000-       ,  .




65


.     : Sch?pflin G. The politics of national identities// National History and Identity. Studia Fennica Ethnologica. 1999. 6. .4861.




66


., , ,       , : Troebst S. (ed.). Postdiktatorische Geschichtskulturen in Europa. Bestandsaufnahme und Forschungsperspektiven. Gottingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2010.




67


., : Jansen J. Politics of Remembrance, Colonialism and the Algerian War of Independence in France// Pakier M., Str?th B. (eds.). AEuropean Memory? Contested Histories and Politics of Remembrance. Berghahn Books, 2010. .275293.




68


Judt T. Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945. Penguin Books, 2005.  .,    1945-     .




69


LebowR.N., Kansteiner W., Fogu C. (eds.). The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe. Durham; London: Duke University Press, 2006. .21.




70


.     : BergerS. The Power of National Pasts: Writing National History in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Europe// Berger S.(ed.). Writing the Nation. AGlobal Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. .3062 (     : . 4756).




71


Ifversen J. Myth in the Writing of European History// Berger S., LorenzC. (eds.). Nationalizing the Past. Historians as Nation Builders in Modern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. .452479.            (     ,  , ),  ( 1945-,   1989-) 蠫  ( -1989) ( , ,  ,    ).




72


    ,        ,    , . ,        ,  ,  ,  . .: DekI. Europe on Trial. The Story of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution during World War II. Westview Press, 2015.




73


., : Sierp A. History, Memory, and Trans-European Identity Unifying Divisions. Routledge, 2014.




74


Assmann . The HolocaustA Global Memory? Extensions and Limits of a New Community// Assmann ., Conrad S.(eds.). Memory in a Global Age. Discourses, Practices and Trajectories. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. .103.




75


Berger S., Conrad C. The Past as History. National Identity and Historical Consciousness in Modern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. .344.




76


Ibid. .341342.




77


JarauschK.H., Lindenberger T. Contours of a Critical History of Contemporary Europe: A Transnational Agenda// JarauschK.H., LindenbergerT., Ramsbrock A. (eds.). Conflicted Memories. Europeanizing Contemporary Histories. Berghahn Books, 2007. .7.




78


Ibid. .78.




79


Korostelina K. History Education in the Formation of Social Identity, Towards a Culture of Peace. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. .7.




80


JarauschK.H., Lindenberger T. Op. cit. .6.




81


Fuchs E., Sammler S.Textbooks between tradition and innovation. Ajourney through the history of Georg Ekkert Institute. .10 (http://www.gei.de/fileadmin/gei.de/pdf/institut/Textbooks_between_innovation_and_tradition.pdf (http://www.gei.de/fileadmin/gei.de/pdf/institut/Textbooks_between_innovation_and_tradition.pdf)).




82


.: http://www.gei.de/en/departments/europe-narratives-images-spaces/europe-and-the-national-factor/europaeische-identitaet.html (http://www.gei.de/en/departments/europe-narratives-images-spaces/europe-and-the-national-factor/europaeische-identitaet.html)).




83


 : http://euroclio.eu/ (http://euroclio.eu/).




84


       ,    . .: Multi-faceted Memory (http://euroclio.eu/projects/multi-faceted-memory/ (http://euroclio.eu/projects/multi-faceted-memory/)).




85


.: http://euroclio.eu/projects/teaching-europe-enhance-eu-cohesion/ (http://euroclio.eu/projects/teaching-europe-enhance-eu-cohesion/).




86


 : Active European Remembrance aiming at preserving the sites and archives associated with the deportations as well as the commemorating of victims of Nazism and Stalinism.




87


Europe for Citizens Programme (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/programme/action4_en.php (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/programme/action4_en.php)).




88


 : http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2007/selections/documents/selection_action4_2007.pdf (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2007/selections/documents/selection_action4_2007.pdf); http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2008/selections/documents/sucproj_p4.pdf (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2008/selections/documents/sucproj_p4.pdf); http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2009/selection/documents/action_4_list_selected_projects.pdf (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2009/selection/documents/action_4_list_selected_projects.pdf); http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2010/selection/docs/citizen_action4_selection_2010.pdf (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2010/selection/docs/citizen_action4_selection_2010.pdf); http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2011/selection/selection_action4_en.php (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2011/selection/selection_action4_en.php); http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2012/selection/documents/20120905_list_result.pdf (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2012/selection/documents/20120905_list_result.pdf); http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2013/selection/documents/action4/rem-selected-2013.pdf (http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/citizenship/funding/2013/selection/documents/action4/rem-selected-2013.pdf).




89


.: http://ec.europa.eu/citizenship/about-the-europe-for-citizens-programme/future-programme-2014-2020/index_en.htm (http://ec.europa.eu/citizenship/about-the-europe-for-citizens).




90


Vovk van Gaal T., Dupont C. The House of European History. 2012. .44 (http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp/083/008/ecp12083008.pdf (http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp/083/008/ecp12083008.pdf)).




91


.: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/visiting/en/visits/historyhouse.html (http://www.europarl.europa.eu/visiting/en/visits/historyhouse.html).




92


 .




93


EU opens House of European history in Brussels (http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39804142 (http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39804142)).




94


    ࠖ ! (Never again!)   .




95


.    : AlexanderJ.C. Remembering the Holocaust. ADebate. Oxford University Press, 2009.




96


.  : Levy D., Sznaider N. Memory Unbound: The Holocaust and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Memory// European Journal of Social Theory. 2002. 1 (5). .87106.




97


.: http://www.science.co.il/Holocaust-Museums.asp (http://www.science.co.il/Holocaust-Museums.asp).




98


Report From The Commission To The European Parliament And To The Council. The Memory Of The Crimes Committed By Totalitarian Regimes In Europe. Brussels, 22.12.2010. .4.




99


.    : Gray M. Contemporary Debates on Holocaust Education. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. .45.




100


Assmann . Op. cit. .100102.




101


Ѡ2013        (International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance).




102


  : https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/about-us (https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/about-us).




103


.: https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/funding-grant-programme/funding-overview (https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/funding-grant-programme/funding-overview).




104


.: https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/funding-grant-programme/funding-overview (https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/funding-grant-programme/funding-overview).     .




105


.       : ZimmermanJ.C. Holocaust Denial: Demographics, Testimonies and Ideologies. University Press of America, 2000.




106


HaydenR.M. Genocide Denial Laws as Secular Heresy: A Critical Analysis with Reference to Bosnia// Slavic Review. 2008. Vol.67. 2. .384.




107


Bilefsky D. EU adapts measures outlawing Holocaust denial// New York Times. 2007. 19 April (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/19/world/europe/19iht-eu.4.5359640.html?_r=2 (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/19/world/europe/19iht-eu.4.5359640.html?_r=2)).




108


Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November 2008. OnCombating Certain Forms And Expressions Of Racism And Xenophobia By Means Of Criminal Law (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32008F0913 (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32008F0913)).




109


   1300   49  .




110


Blois appeal (http://www.lph-asso.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=14&lang=en (http://www.lph-asso.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=14&lang=en)).




111


.: Presidents report, presented by Pierre Nora, president of Libert pour lhistoire, to the associations annual meeting, 2 June 2012, http://www.lph-asso.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=181%3Aune-lourde-annee-pour-les-lois-memorielles&catid=53%3Aactualites&Itemid=170&lang=en.




112


Report From The Commission To The European Parliament And The Council. On The Implementation Of Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA On Combating Certain Forms And Expressions Of Racism And Xenophobia By Means Of Criminal Law (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52014DC00270 (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52014DC00270)).




113


Blacker U., Etkind A., Fedor J. (eds.). Memory and Theory in Eastern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. .2.


