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  ,  ,        .     1999    200     450  [4 - Round table on monitoring food security. Technical background paper Measuring food insecurity: Meaningful concepts and indicators for evidence-based policy-making // Rome 2011 P.2.].   .   . ,  ,                 ,     [5 - Conway G., Barber E. After the Green Revolution. Sustainable Agriculture for Development. London, 1990. P. 60.],           .




1.1.  .  


       ,         , ,   ,    .    :          ,    (        ),      ,              . , ..                ,          :                        ,   [6 - .. .     :     // -   . -. 1997. . 11.        ,    .     . .].     . , -  - .  .  I :                  ,      [7 -  . , -  - .  .  I .,  . 2000. . 30.].

        ,     .  ,  ,           .   ,  ..   ..,          ,               .      .       ,         ,      [8 - .. , .. .   (   ) ., . 2002. . 10.]. .  :           ,   .         [9 -  ..         // : , , , . 2010. 1. . 85.].    .  .:      ,   ,           ,          [10 -  ..,  ..   :    // - : , , . 2010. 1. . 28.].

      ,         . , .  :     ,      : -,         ,                 ,     , , -,        [11 -  C..       //      . 2010. 1. . 78.].   . ,            ,   ,  :      , ..         ,   ,       ;          , ..      - ,          ,     ;    ,            , ..           [12 -  ..          //   .  . : . . 2010. . 10. 3. . 49.]. .  ,        4 : 1)   ; 2)      , ..               ; 3)    ,   ,             ,       ; 4)    , ..   ,      ,      [13 - ..         //    .  3: . . 2013. 1.].            food safety,                     .        ,  ,            (Codex Alimentarius,  )    ,    /               .

           ( ),    ( ) . , .      : 1)      ,     ; 2)     ,          ; 3)     ,         [14 - . .          //     . 2009. 4]. .   . :      - ,         ,   ,  ,       ,              ,      [15 - . .           (- ) //     . 2011. 5. . 171.].                ,  (),  (), .

        .    food security        :      .          .    /          ,            .

     ,  , ,          .           ,       , ,       /.               ,       .       ,  , ,      food security      .

-     ,         ,        (堖 ).        ,        ,           ,      , , ,    ,  -   [16 -     .  I, . 6 (      31  2015. N 683).].             -  [17 -  , . 5.], ..         -  ,   ,        砖  .            ,        ,   , , , , , ,  ,  .   ,  ,            .                    .

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1970-      :       1972-,    1974            .     1974                 20   50  (1971.)  27  (1973.),       3 .            -       .         1974   .          .   ,          (at any time)                   [18 - Availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset ?uctuations in production and prices.   : FAO Policy Brief June 2006 Issue 2 Food security. FAOs Agriculture and Development Economics Division (ESA), p.1 //    // URL: ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/ESA/policybriefs/pb_02.pdf (  18.11.2015).].             /    . ,          ,     ,       ( ).

  1980-        .       :         (), ..     .  1983          ,     - (  ).  ,    ,     ()            ()  ,           :    ,             [19 - Ibid.].              .

            ()    (, 1996.).       185 , 80  ,      ,    ,                ,    ,               [20 - Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to suf?cient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.   : World Food Summit Plan of Action (i.1) //World food summit 1317 November Rome // URL: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00.HTM (  18.11.2015).].                       (  127-      2004.)     :      ,  ,   [21 -                .  15 //  ͠ . 2005. . 5].        (, 1618  2009.)        :      ,         ,            .                [22 -       (, 1618  2009.), .16 // URL: www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/pdf/summit2009_declaration.pdf (  28.06.2016).].

        .  I,  ,      ,            ,       .      ,  ,   ,   ,    ,    ,           , ..       [23 -  . , -  -  .  .  I .,  . 2000. . 23.].    1986                  (    ).           , 堖   ,     .   ,  96%          (),    4%          [24 - Guidelines for national FIVIMS. FAO 2000 P. 1.].    ( )     ,    ,       ,        .        ) , ) /, )/  .             ,       ,               .          ,               . ,                .

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        ,            :   ,      ,                         .      : , ,   . ,  ,      [25 -      . , 1618  2009  // URL: www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/pdf/summit2009_declaration.pdf (  28.06.2016).].

                    - ,         .   ,                ,             .      ,  ,   ,        .                    .     , ,      ,     .

           ,         ,      ,    /   [26 -      ,       ,         -      //   . 2003. 7.].

                  ,                          ,     [27 -        ,  , , ,      ,            腻 //     (    10  1948.)  25  1.].

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  ,            12.    ,      ,   [28 -  ,        ,    .    12: ( , 1999.) // URL: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/russian/gencomm/Repcomm12s.html (  22.05.2017).].

                ,     ,   ,              .   ,   ,     ,   ,    ,      .

        ,                      .

                         .  ,        .     ,               .           ,   16  2010          . ,   ,             . , -               ,    .      ,  -          15%[29 -             , , 16  2010  //     // URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/news/8925 (  06.12.2010).].   ,  ,             ,     20132020   19  2014       ,             .




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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


., , . , . , . .       .   . 1992. 11.




2


 :      ? //     10.02.2010. URL: http://www.aif.ru/money/business/16207 (  14.11.2015).




3


, .   -      //   . 2003. 7.




4


Round table on monitoring food security. Technical background paper Measuring food insecurity: Meaningful concepts and indicators for evidence-based policy-making // Rome 2011 P.2.




5


Conway G., Barber E. After the Green Revolution. Sustainable Agriculture for Development. London, 1990. P. 60.




6


.. .     :     // -   . -. 1997. . 11.        ,    .     . .




7


 . , -  - .  .  I .,  . 2000. . 30.




8


.. , .. .   (   ) ., . 2002. . 10.




9


 ..         // : , , , . 2010. 1. . 85.




10


 ..,  ..   :    // - : , , . 2010. 1. . 28.




11


 C..       //      . 2010. 1. . 78.




12


 ..          //   .  . : . . 2010. . 10. 3. . 49.




13


..         //    .  3: . . 2013. 1.




14


. .          //     . 2009. 4




15


. .           (- ) //     . 2011. 5. . 171.




16


    .  I, . 6 (      31  2015. N 683).




17


 , . 5.




18


Availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset ?uctuations in production and prices.   : FAO Policy Brief June 2006 Issue 2 Food security. FAOs Agriculture and Development Economics Division (ESA), p.1 //    // URL: ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/ESA/policybriefs/pb_02.pdf (  18.11.2015).




19


Ibid.




20


Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to suf?cient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.   : World Food Summit Plan of Action (i.1) //World food summit 1317 November Rome // URL: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00.HTM (  18.11.2015).




21


               .  15 //  ͠ . 2005. . 5




22


      (, 1618  2009.), .16 // URL: www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/pdf/summit2009_declaration.pdf (  28.06.2016).




23


 . , -  -  .  .  I .,  . 2000. . 23.




24


Guidelines for national FIVIMS. FAO 2000 P. 1.




25


     . , 1618  2009  // URL: www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/pdf/summit2009_declaration.pdf (  28.06.2016).




26


     ,       ,         -      //   . 2003. 7.




27


       ,  , , ,      ,            腻 //     (    10  1948.)  25  1.




28


 ,        ,    .    12: ( , 1999.) // URL: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/russian/gencomm/Repcomm12s.html (  22.05.2017).




29


            , , 16  2010  //     // URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/news/8925 (  06.12.2010).


