     XIX    XXI :    
  


Pax Britannica
       -       XIX    XXI .         .      ,     XIX   XX         ,         .   XX    XXI       .           .   ,                 ,            .                    . ,   60-  XX          ,        .           .          - .





 

     XIX    XXI :    


         



             .        ,        ,    ,      .  ,        .  ,         ,   ,       .      ,   ,           ,    ,         [1 - Blake R. Introduction // The English World, History, Character, and People. Ed. by R. Blake. L., 1982. P. 8.].

 

Pax Britannica








  Pax Britannica:

. . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . 



:

   .. 

   .. 












       ,    ,      ,  ,      .

         XIX.              ,   .     XXI.     ,     ,              [2 -    ,       ,                   .       ,      ,  . (,   ,  ,   ,     .)].

     ,        ,       .

            .   ,    X.     ,   [3 - McLeod Hugh. Religion and Society in England. 18501914. L., 1996. R 1-10], ..    , ,       ,    .

       . .      ,   2001.,          18001960.  ,   ,           [4 - Brown C. The Death of Christian Britain. L., 2001. R 163.].

   ,   ,           ,       -  .. .       ,        .   ,           ,   , ..     ,      .   ,     ,                 [5 - ., : http://www.religare.ru/2_25412.html].

      ,   ,         -      XIX    XXI.             ,       .          ,            , ,     .           .     ,         ,             .

           , ..  [6 -  ,      (disestablished)     1920.          .                .      (     ),             .     :  ..    //     /  . .. . ., 1995. .141168;  ..  :    .  . .130140.].             ,          .      -          .  ,            .           .

        ..       (., 1976).                 70- 

XX.,     ,           .         - ,                  .

  ,        -.        :  ..   (., 1971);        (., 1973), .    .  . ..  (., 1995).         ..    ,  :    ,    ..    . ,             :   (., 1982);   XX.:   (., 2002),   XX.   (., 2009),      ,      .

   .     (., 1987),  ,            ,         .

        XIX       ,     ..      17501850. (., 2009).

      ,     ,    ,             .      XXI . . . ..  (., 2015).

                   ..      (-, 2009).

   ,              ,     .                      (Centre for the Study of World Christianity at the University of Edinburgh)[7 - http://www.cswc.div.ed.ac.uk/],        (Andrew Walls).

   (1992.),       ,           (Salvation Army).           (Eva Burrows),          .         .

           ,  ,    ,   ,    ,   ,                   .

        ,      ,    ,   -,            ,    .

      ,                XIX    XXI., ,       .     , , ,   ,   70-80- . XX.,        .

               , ... ..         , ... .. .         ,      : ... .. , ... .. , ... .. , ... .. .




 1

      







        ,   ,  .     VIIVIII.,                .    XVIXVII.        .  (16531658)      (..  )   , ..    .     ( .   dissentire   ),      ,        ,       ,   .           .

                .       ,     ,      ,              .      ,   .  ,                        (..      )     (self-help)[8 - Norman . Religion in the Life of Nation I I The English Word. History, Character and People. Ed by R. Blake. L., 1982. P. 182.].

              .           (18641920).                   ,    -.  ,   ,         ,    ,       .    , ,      [9 - http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Sociolog/vebizbr/ M.      //   / . . . . .. . . ., 1990. .61107.].

    ,   XVI.   ,    .

          ,      ,   .           ,      .   ,  .         ,  .

    .           (14831546)[10 - http://citaty.su/kratkaya-biografiya-martina-lyutera].                   .   ,    ,   ,     ,  ,       .   ,   ,       :          ,   .

 ,   ,    , ..     .     ,           ,   ,   ,           [11 - http://www.odinblago.ru/sektovedenie/aleksandr_mileant_eps/protestantizm_i_luteranst].

    ,     (15091564).        .    ,        .        ,    ,   , ,   (        ).     ,      .      . , ,   ,       .

     ,           ,     ,   .

         .     ,          .     ,      .    ,          .                          : , , .      .               ,        .            .

      ,        .     ,    .       .

           ,      ,  , , , ,  ,     ,  [12 -  1817.    300-        ( ).].    ,   .       [13 - http://relig.info/kalvinizm].

     ,        ,      ()     .

  XVI., ,     ,      .           ,         VIII.  1534.      (The Supremacy of Crown Act)         .      .  1559.          (Supreme Governor)  ,          .         .       , ..    ,   .

   I (15331603)     ,   39 .   ,    ,    . ,                   .    ,    ,    .          .           ,     ,   .           .     , ,    ,       ( ).

         .                   .    ,  [14 -  .: .. . . .4851.]     ,     .       .          ,   .     :   .       .       :  , .          .      ,   .       .        [15 - https://freewayom.com/hristianstvo/protestantizm/anglikanstvo/].

  ,       ,                . ,    ,   ,     ,     ,      .         .              .

   23  (  )      .     ,    ,  ,             [16 - .. . . .4851.].

             .   ,       ,    ,          .

             .   XIX.                 .         -.      .

 ,    ,       , ,     ,            (High Church)    (Low Church).      ,    .     ,   ,          .     .      ,      .

        ,    (Broad Church)[17 - Norman . Religion in the Life of Nation // The English Word. History, Character and People. Ed by R. Blake. L., 1982. P.177187; McLeod H. Op. cit. P. 21, 51;  ..    //     /  .  .. . 117].

,      . ,    ,      ,   ,    ,           [18 - Hastings A. A. History of English Christianity 19201985. L., 1986. P.8182.].      -  -,  ,    .

     .   ,       ,        .  ,  ,      ,    .      ,         .    XX.,  . , ,      ,  ,      .     ,          ,    . ,   ,  ,  ,  ,       [19 - Ibid. P.131132;         .].

                    .

  XVII.    ,   ,     .  ,       ,     ,         .

         ,       .    , , , .    (   dissentire   ), ,         (Free Churches).          XVIII.   .             ,        [20 -  , , , ,       ,     .].

        ,    .

 ,  ,   1689.,         .         1828.,          ,     .       ,                  ( , , ,  )      .

    1829.   -    ,           [21 -  .:  ..       (20- . XIX.). ., 2000.].

            ,     ,     ,        .

       ,     ,     .

 1828, 1829.       ,  ,    ,      , ,  ,     .     20- .       1688.[22 - .: The Morning Post. 13.03.1829; http://philosophy.spbu.ru/userfiles/edu/attes-tate/2014_IGA/annotations/relig/Annotatciia %20dissertatcii_Isaenko.pdf]     , ..     [23 -  .. . . . 45.].

 ,   30-40- . XIX.,      [24 - ., :  .  :      .   : http://aliom.orthodoxy.ru/ arch/025/025-solov.htm; .. . . .4051.].

             ,      .

        .         ,     22  12.  ,           .   30- . XIX.  -  [25 -              .              ,      ,   .           ,            39  .   ()  -     . ,      .],          ,      .

 : . , .   .       .       .                 .  ,             ,         .         ,        .

.  (18011890.)      :  (),   .    39 ,   ,     .                .          XIX .

           ,      ,   ,     .

       , ,               .                   .          .

    ,      ,      ,  ,  :     ,    .

 1753.               -   .

  XIX.    ,     ,      ,       . ,       ,          .    -   ,     ,   ,  1817.,       [26 - Hibbert Ch. Disraeli and His Word. L., 1978. P.79.  .:  ..  ,     . ., 1993.].            .

 1858.      ,          [27 - Norman E.R. Church and Society in England, 17701970. Oxford, 1976. P.213214;   ,           (1823  1998., )   , , . Paper of Edwards Jh. Studying Jewish-Christian Relations in the United Kingdom Today. P. 9.].        ,     80- . XIX.         .          ,          [28 - McleodH. Op. cit.P.46.].

 ,            ,      ,     . , ,    1894.,        .        1899.,      .     ,     -      1899.     .       ,   . ,   ,        .   ,                      [29 - Weintroub S. Victoria. L., 1996. P. 603.].    .

            VII    ,       [30 - Mcleod H. Op. cit. P. 22.]. , ,       II    1908.  VII      ,       [31 - Brook-Sheperd G. Uncle of Europe. L., 1973. P. 212.].

 1880  1914.          ,           .  1850.    35. ,  1881.    60.,   1914.  280.,     ,   .     1850.    0,2%   ,   1914.    0,7%[32 - McLeod . Op. cit. . 12, 45.].

           ,      ,              ,     .  ,                 [33 - Edwards Jh. Studying Jewish-Christian Relations P. 8.].

               ,             [34 - Norman E. Religion in the Life of the Nation//The English World: History, Character and People. Ed. By R.Blake. L., 1992. P. 187.].

                 -    .     9  1905.,  :    ,  ,   ,   , ,      ,       .    , ,    ,     ,     [35 - Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons. 10 July 1905. ,   .   1917.         .].

             .                .  1902.  -,        ,                 ,  ,    ,    .

  -       ,    ,    .                     .         [36 - Edwards Jh. Studying Jewish-Christian Relations. R 9.].       ,  -.        ,    1905.   ,     ,   ,     .

,         ,  ,   ,       . ,        ,         .

          ,    ,  .    ,    , ,           .




 2

              







   XIX.                   .

     X. ,     ,     (18371901.)       .            ,   .. .  ,  ,        .     ,    ,     [37 - McLeod . Religion and society in England 18501914. L., 1996. R 2.].

      ,     ,  ,             ,   .  ,  ,     ,      XIX ,            ,      ,      [38 - Ibid.].

       : ,        XIX.,  ,      ,   , ..        [39 - McLeod . Religion and the People of Western Europe 17891970. Oxford, 1981. P. 13.].

      ,   ,    .                   . ,       XIX.,   , 22%    ,       5%[40 - Ibid.].

         . , ,    ,   1905.,    ,            .   X. ,    1858  1862.,   ,    ,    [41 - Cm: McLeod H. Religion and Irreligion in Victorian England. L., 1993. P.120.].

  ,              ,       .   . [42 - Barnett C. The Collapse of British Power. L., 1987. P.2225. Ensor R.C.K. England 18701914. Oxford, 1936. P. 137.].

          ,      .   ,         1851., ,  51%      ,      (.  1).         XIX   , ,    ,       60%    .       (Chapel people), ..   ,         [43 - McLeod H. Religion and Society in England 18501914. Appendix. London. 1996. P. 253.].

     .   1851.,   ,   4%    .     XIX           5% .

   ,        .     .   XIX     0,2%,   1914.     0,7%.        , ,     ,    .



 1.

      






                 .

  ,   , ..      ,       .                  ,        ,     .

           18501914.,                    ,      ,       .     .

      ,         .   . [44 - Brown . The Death of Christian Britain. L., 2001. P. 163; Brown C.G. Did Urbanization Secularize Britain? I I Urban History Yearbook. 1988. P.114, Cox J. English Churches in a Secular Society: Lambeth, 18701930. Oxford, 1982.].

  ,         , ..     ,  ,         .

XIX.,    . ,     ,         .    ,   ,    XX .

 ,  . ,                  :   ,            ,       [45 - Cox J. Op. cit.P. 13.].     , ,   ,        1890  1914.

 ,    ,   ,   .. .  ,             ,      ,            [46 - Wickham E.R. Church and People in an Industrial City. L., 1957. P. 4.].

      . .   ,        XIX.,            .   1850.   .  ,  ,       (..     . ..),   ,      ,        .    -     ,   ,   ,         ,   .             ,           -  [47 - Ibid.].

                        ,     XIX       .

       ,           18501914. ,   ,         ,          ,     ,       .          ,   ,    ,    .

 ,   ,     (upper middle class) , ..        .   ,  ,           ,      ,          .     .  ,  ,             ,              ,    [48 - McLeod . Op. cit. R 221.].

 ,      ,    XIX.          ,    .      :          ,    .         ,               .     ,     ,                ,                    .   ,      1980-   1990- .,      ,            [49 - Ibid. .221222.].

     ,  :            ,   ,     .     ,   ,  1890.,       ,          ,    [50 - McLeod . (Great Britain) Secularization in England, France and Germany //  .    /  . .. . ., 2003. . 266.          MOHorpa(|)HH.Religion and Society in England, 18501914. L., 1996. P.5970: 170175.].

          ,               ,   ,  .

      , ,    ,   ,     XVIII.,   [51 - . :  ..      17501850. ., 2009. . 190.].  1825.  -           () ,   .        .          ,       .    ,    ,    .

  ,    . ,      ,    ,           .  ,       ,   1844.,  ,       ,    [52 - Briggs A. The English: Custom and Character // The English World: History, Character and People. L., 1982. P. 254.].         ,           . ,      ,    ,    .

                ,       .   ,   ,  ,      .  ,  ,      .        ,           ,     ,      ,   , ,  ,     [53 - Ibid. . 255.].          .

,  ,   ,   ,     ,   ,   ,      .




 3

       .    







     ,     XIX. ,    ,       ,     .     .      ,          .  XIX ,  ,     ,      ,   ,         (public men),           .      ,   ,    ,  ,       ,         .          ,           [54 - Norman . Religion in the Life // The English Word. History, Character and People. Ed by R.Blake. L., 1982. P. 182.].

    .            ,    .

     ,      ,   -     .              ,       .   ,   ,         [55 - McLeod . Op. cit. .2425.].       .. ,   1790.  , : ,   (. ..)       ,   , ,   ,       ,       ,      :    ,    ,  !    !     ![56 - http://rvb.m/18vek/karamzin/2hudlit_/01text/voll/01prp/01.htm.  .   // . .  . .-. 1964., . I. . 592.]     .  ,       ,        ,     .




  .


   .

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notes








1


Blake R. Introduction // The English World, History, Character, and People. Ed. by R. Blake. L., 1982. P. 8.




2


   ,       ,                   .       ,      ,  . (,   ,  ,   ,     .)




3


McLeod Hugh. Religion and Society in England. 18501914. L., 1996. R 1-10




4


Brown C. The Death of Christian Britain. L., 2001. R 163.




5


., : http://www.religare.ru/2_25412.html




6


 ,      (disestablished)     1920.          .                .      (     ),             .     :  ..    //     /  . .. . ., 1995. .141168;  ..  :    .  . .130140.




7


http://www.cswc.div.ed.ac.uk/




8


Norman . Religion in the Life of Nation I I The English Word. History, Character and People. Ed by R. Blake. L., 1982. P. 182.




9


http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Sociolog/vebizbr/ M.      //   / . . . . .. . . ., 1990. .61107.




10


http://citaty.su/kratkaya-biografiya-martina-lyutera




11


http://www.odinblago.ru/sektovedenie/aleksandr_mileant_eps/protestantizm_i_luteranst




12


 1817.    300-        ( ).




13


http://relig.info/kalvinizm




14


 .: .. . . .4851.




15


https://freewayom.com/hristianstvo/protestantizm/anglikanstvo/




16


.. . . .4851.




17


Norman . Religion in the Life of Nation // The English Word. History, Character and People. Ed by R. Blake. L., 1982. P.177187; McLeod H. Op. cit. P. 21, 51;  ..    //     /  .  .. . 117




18


Hastings A. A. History of English Christianity 19201985. L., 1986. P.8182.




19


Ibid. P.131132;         .




20


 , , , ,       ,     .




21


 .:  ..       (20- . XIX.). ., 2000.




22


.: The Morning Post. 13.03.1829; http://philosophy.spbu.ru/userfiles/edu/attes-tate/2014_IGA/annotations/relig/Annotatciia %20dissertatcii_Isaenko.pdf




23


 .. . . . 45.




24


., :  .  :      .   : http://aliom.orthodoxy.ru/ arch/025/025-solov.htm; .. . . .4051.




25


             .              ,      ,   .           ,            39  .   ()  -     . ,      .




26


Hibbert Ch. Disraeli and His Word. L., 1978. P.79.  .:  ..  ,     . ., 1993.




27


Norman E.R. Church and Society in England, 17701970. Oxford, 1976. P.213214;   ,           (1823  1998., )   , , . Paper of Edwards Jh. Studying Jewish-Christian Relations in the United Kingdom Today. P. 9.




28


McleodH. Op. cit.P.46.




29


Weintroub S. Victoria. L., 1996. P. 603.




30


Mcleod H. Op. cit. P. 22.




31


Brook-Sheperd G. Uncle of Europe. L., 1973. P. 212.




32


McLeod . Op. cit. . 12, 45.




33


Edwards Jh. Studying Jewish-Christian Relations P. 8.




34


Norman E. Religion in the Life of the Nation//The English World: History, Character and People. Ed. By R.Blake. L., 1992. P. 187.




35


Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons. 10 July 1905. ,   .   1917.         .




36


Edwards Jh. Studying Jewish-Christian Relations. R 9.




37


McLeod . Religion and society in England 18501914. L., 1996. R 2.




38


Ibid.




39


McLeod . Religion and the People of Western Europe 17891970. Oxford, 1981. P. 13.




40


Ibid.




41


Cm: McLeod H. Religion and Irreligion in Victorian England. L., 1993. P.120.




42


Barnett C. The Collapse of British Power. L., 1987. P.2225. Ensor R.C.K. England 18701914. Oxford, 1936. P. 137.




43


McLeod H. Religion and Society in England 18501914. Appendix. London. 1996. P. 253.




44


Brown . The Death of Christian Britain. L., 2001. P. 163; Brown C.G. Did Urbanization Secularize Britain? I I Urban History Yearbook. 1988. P.114, Cox J. English Churches in a Secular Society: Lambeth, 18701930. Oxford, 1982.




45


Cox J. Op. cit.P. 13.




46


Wickham E.R. Church and People in an Industrial City. L., 1957. P. 4.




47


Ibid.




48


McLeod . Op. cit. R 221.




49


Ibid. .221222.




50


McLeod . (Great Britain) Secularization in England, France and Germany //  .    /  . .. . ., 2003. . 266.          MOHorpa(|)HH.Religion and Society in England, 18501914. L., 1996. P.5970: 170175.




51


. :  ..      17501850. ., 2009. . 190.




52


Briggs A. The English: Custom and Character // The English World: History, Character and People. L., 1982. P. 254.




53


Ibid. . 255.




54


Norman . Religion in the Life // The English Word. History, Character and People. Ed by R.Blake. L., 1982. P. 182.




55


McLeod . Op. cit. .2425.




56


http://rvb.m/18vek/karamzin/2hudlit_/01text/voll/01prp/01.htm.  .   // . .  . .-. 1964., . I. . 592.


