.   2011-2019 
  

  


  () :    
        ,        .       ?             ?         ?        ?       ,      ,     ?       ?           ()    ?            .      .  ,       ,         ,         ,  150200   ,    , .   ,     .





 

.   20112019 








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      ?             ?         ?        ?       ,      ,     ?       ?           ()    ?         ?

           .      .  ,       ,         ,         ,  150200  ,    , .   ,     .



.. ,
.. ,
,   ,
 2019




 1

   





1.    


       .                XVI.         Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei     [1238:2], .5. . .1, .2, .3, .4.      20052013 , ,               [1238:2].             . ,       .

  ,        .  , ,           ,           , .5.          VG,        VA,        VP, .5.         .

    ,    .






.1.     .      .  2005 .






.2.           .  2005 .






.3.      .    .  2005 .






.4.      .   [1238:2], . 17.






.5.        .     [1238:2], . 1415.   .



,        XVI      (Agostino Chigi).        ,   (Baldasare Peruzzi),    (Sebastiano del Piombo)       (Sodoma, Giovanni Antonio Bazzi) [1238:2], .5.       [1238:2], .5. ,       XVI [1238:2], .5. ,   ,        .

  ,              ,        , [1238:2], .5.  :                        1466           ,           1520 (Villa now bears the name and preserves the memory of the Farnese family It should really have been named after Agostino Chigi who was born in Siena in 1466 and who comissioned the Villa as the tangible sign of his own personality and high culture, decorating it magnificently and living in it untill his death in 1520) [1238:2], .5.

  .           .    ,           .      ,      XVI,        ,      2325 . . 1785,  1112 . . 1843, .   .     ,    , XVI   ,    XVIIIXIX         .

     MP       .    [].

 ,          ,    .             XVI,     .

 ,      ,              ,        .

 , ,         XVIXVII.  ,          150200       . ,       .  ,          ,        ,      XVI,  XVIIXVIII.         .       .

,        1506 [1238:2], .8.          .  ,                 ,      22 1506 (laying of the first stone the banker  like other renaissance patrons  decided to wait for a favorable conjunction of planets, in this case 22 April, 1506) [1238:2], .8.

              ,   ,                .           ,       22  1506.

     ,         XVI   150200.      .            ,     XVII , . .

.    ,        ,  ,    ,    .    ,             - ,       .   ,     .  ,    -    ?       ? ,         .   - ,  .    .

,               .  , ,     XVII        .   XVII    .    ,   (,  ,    ?) .     [1238:2], .9.

      .

,       15061511. ʠ1511        [1238:2], .8.    XVII     .       .    ?           100  ?

,   XVII          .  : ,  1650              . , ,       XVII     (it was probably around 1650 that the two loggias were closed in and some of the walls in the Loggia of Galatea were decorated with landscapes. Finally, RADICAL RESTORATION was carried out in the late seventeeth century by the painter Carlo Maratta) [1238:2], .9.

,     蠫        XVII    ,    . ,  ,       ,    .

  ,  ,  .

 1579 ,    ,      ,        1646 [1238:2], .57; [988:00]  .   ,   , ,  ,      (?!).     ,           ,   (after the death of Odoardo who inherited it, the Villa was abandoned, beeng occasionally lent to important visitors to Rome) [1238:2], .8.   , , 1735            IV [1238:2], .8.               [1238:2], .8.

,   ?          :

        16471735 .        ,       .

, ,  16471735       ,    [1238:2], .8.   ,  ʠ  Ѡ .  ,        ,    .           . ,   ,           ,   .          III  ,  ,    , 15341550 [988:00]  .

      1524, 1624 1656, . .             (. ),          1624,  1656. ,     1524,    ,        .

      1656           VII  (16551667)   ,   Ȼ. ,  ,  ,    ,      XVI,     ,   XVII .  ,  - ,     ( ) XVI     . ,    ,      ,     .

       ,         1656,      .

     ,        ( - ),     ,  , 1624,     .   ,       100-   ,  1524.            (1524),     ,      (1624), , ,     (1656).  ,     1524   1624,    .

 ,          ,     1656,       ,   .            .

          (),    ,           ,      . . .6.           ,         . ,    , -,    . ., , .7.       ,      ,     .       .      ,     .






.6.   (Palazzo Farnese)  .   XVI .           .    .



,      .          VG.






.7.      .   ,  15071600  [725:0]. ,   .   [725:0],  2, . 551.




2. VG   





2.1.   VG    


   ,      ,   .8.      , ,    ,         , .9.  ,    :  VG.

 VG    :           .  .10   ,    12 ,   VG,      1  12.






.8.       .       VG.   [392:1], . 195.






.9.  VG       .   [1238:2], . 5859.



      ,   ,      ,    .   ,         , . . ,          ,      , , ,            (  ,  , ,    ).         ,            VG, . .11, .12.

      12    ,    VG             ,   ,   .






.10.           12- ,   VG.       [1238:2], . 5859.






.11.       .   ,    ,      .     ,       ,          .       .   [1238:2], . 61.




1.   

 .13      VG,   1  .10.      ,               .  .

,              , ., ,     , .14.

           , .15.  ,      ,  ,   -,      .   ,   , .15.

 ,     ,         [1238:2], .51. , -,      ,   , . .14.  -,     , ,      ,    ,     ,  ,   ,  ⠫ ,  ,      -,     , .    . , ,   ,       ,      = .   ,      ,  ,  ,     ,     ,        .           , ,     ,    -,   -,     ,  -     -   .      ,     ,       ,      (),    ,  .    - XII       ,     ()   . .       蠫 .






.12.     VG     ,     .   [1238:2], . 61.






.13.  VG:   .         ,   .   [1238:2], . 61.






.14.  .       .      .   ,   ( ) ru.wikipedia.org.






.15.  VG.             .    ,  ,       ,    ,   .   [1280:0], . 208.



,          .     .16, .17, .18          (, ),   :  ,   ,     .        ,          , .19.  ,          .      ,      (    ),   .20.       ,   .         ,  ,    ,  , ., , .21.  ,       ,     .  .22         ,        ,    ,  .

   .

,   .        :   [1238:2], .47.

 .






.16.  .    ,   .      ,  .  , .  2014 .






.17.     .    ,   .        ,  .  , .  2014 .






.18.     .    ,       .      ,  .  2014 .






.19.        ,       .        . , .  2014 .






.20.     ,     .       ,              .  2014 .






.21.        .    .        ,         .  2014 .






.22.      .      .     (    )     .   , , .  2013 .




2.   

 .23        ,   2  .10.     .       .  ,      .

 ,   .     :   [1238:2], .47.






.23.  VG:   .      .   [1238:2], . 62.




3.   ,   

     .24.       ()   ().     :     [1238:2], .47.

,   ,   .

     VG      .      ,  .






.24.  VG:   ,   .    2007 .




4.     

, ,   ,      8, . .10.      .25.              .       ,    . ʠ   ,      .   ,      . ,  ,   -   ,        ,   , .25.






.25.  VG:     .    ,        .       .   [1238:2], . 60.



     :     [1238:2], .47.

,     ,          .


5.   

 .     ,     9  .10.      .26.            .           [].       ,     .     :             .     ,  .               .              , ., , .27, .28, .29.

   .        , .26.  ,   ,       ,  .         . ,      , .26.

      : ,   [1238:2], .47. , , .    :   [1238:2], .47  .

-,              ,    ,   . -,     ,    .  ,  ,     :

  :    .

 :   ,   ˻   (   ,         ,    ),    .   ,  ,   ,         12 (,  ,        ).

 1.     .              ()   ()     , .  [].          . ,      12            ,       , .  .  , ,         ,        -  .






.26.  VG:          ().       .      .   [1238:2], . 63.






.27.    ( , )          .   [1160], . 321.






.28.             .   [1160], . 323.






.29.         .   [1017:1],   .128129.



 2.           ,         .      ,     .     .           ,        .                 , . .              .             ,   ,    ,           , . .13.       .  ,         ,   ʠ ,    ,     .         ,    ,          [].   ,        ,          (    ),   ⠫  (  ,  ).  ,       ,  ,   ,  ,      .     .

 3.  ,     ,      ,     ,    23        .  ,        (   )   . ,      ,      (  ),        ,      (  ).

 4. ,    ,      ,       -,   .          ,          .      , .26.

,  .    ,       :

1)   :   .

2)  ,            :  ,  ,      , ,     ,      ,      (     ).

  ,   ,     , . [1238:2], .47,     ,   ,    .          ,    .     ,             .    (),    ( )      ,       .

  ,         .

 1.       ,  .   ,      ,    , ,  ,    ,     ,   .  ,      ,  ʠ   (    ).

 2.       ,  .                ,      . ,        ,      .    ,           ,       ,     ( , ).  ,      ,    .      ,   , .26.  ,     .      ,    [1238:2], .47.


6.   .  :  .    

           .

 ,        .

 :       7 (   .10).      .30.        ,   .      .   ,       , .30.  ,      : ,    ,  ,      (  ),    ,     (         ).            [532], .314.        :   .  :  [1238:2], .47.






.30.  VG:      ,     .    ().






.31.  VG: -  ()            ,       .   [1238:2], . 60.



  ,          .  ,     .       . ,    ,     .

    : - -    .       ,   , ,   ,       ,    .           ,        . -,    . ,    ,      ,    .  ,    ,    .         :    ,   ,    .     ,       :   .

,     :   .  , ,   .

    ,       4 (   .10)   -  ().      .31.

    .   ,   , .31.   - .      ,       .   ,   ,       ,   .             .

     ,         .   .    , ,   .       ,    .        ,     ,      ,  ,        ,   ,  ,               ,           ,  ,      , ,      .     -  . ,   ,     ,      ,              ,      .           ,         . , ,  .     ,            ,   .        ,   ,               ,          [196:2],  1, .341342.

,      ()       ,     ,   .   .     ?

,     .   ,    .         -ӻ [532], .61.  ,    :

1) =  ,

2) = .

,         .

      ,  ,  ,   ,       .         ,       ,     ,          .      ,     ,    (. .10),       12        ,      (      2 , . ).  ,      .   ,    ,         ,     ,        . ,  ,      12  ,  . ,    , ,     ,      .

     . , -,     12   . -,    ,        ,    .   [1238:2]  ,     ,     (   ),   :   .  :   [1238:2], .47. , ,  ,   , . .         ,        .              .

,    [1238:2],   ,  .         , .31.   ,        .        ,            ,     .    : ,    ,  .         ,    ,  ,       . ,   ,   .    ,     ,      ,     .                 ,      .         [196:2],  1, .297298.

          . -,     . -             ,    , .31.         .  ,       ,   ,      .  ,    ,    .

,   .

           ,   .  ,   .      , . .10.      ,   .


7. ,  Ƞ   

  5,    .10.     .32.  ,   . , ,  ,   .        .   [1238:2]      :   .  :  [1238:2], .47.      .   , -,          . -,  ,         .        .  ( )      .  ,     4    ,   .






.32.  VG: ,    , ,    .  :  .   [1238:2], . 59.



,       ,     .   , ,   ,  .  ,      12  ,    ,     . ,    .

  ,        8  : , , , , ,  , .  ,     ( )   .  10  . ,       , .10.    ,             2  :  . ,   .

   6,    .10,  ,  ,   .   ,        , .33, .34. ,     .  ,     :   .  :  [1238:2]. .47.

,    ,   10  .10,      .      .35.         ,   .  ,    ,      , .36.  ,  ,    , ,   ,   , .36.  ,  ,    ,       .  ,          ,   ,     . . .37, .38, .39.    ,      ,  .  ,       ,   :  .  :  [1238:2]. .47.






.33.  VG: ,  .  ,     .  :  .   [1238:2], . 59.



       ,   .10  11 12.






.34. ,    .   .   [1238:2], . 59.






.35.  VG:  .  :     .   [1238:2], . 58.






.36.  ,    (Aquila).         1551 .      ,  .   [543],    216217.






.37.  VG:             (  ,    )     ( ,     ).   [1238:2], . 58.






.38.     .   .   [1238:2], . 58.






.39.     .  .37.   [1238:2], . 58.




8.      ʠ :   

    11, . .40.   ,     ,   .    ,  , - .       ,      ,      , .41.  ,     ,         .    ,      ,  .   ?     ,   .

1)   ,      . ,    ,     ,    .       ,   , . .            ,          .            , ,        ,   23      .     .






.40.         ,   11  .10.   [1238:2], . 59.






.41.   .             .






.42.         ,   12  .10.   [1238:2], . 58.



2)   ,     . , ,  ,          , [532], .205.    ,     ,     , .40.       ,        .   :     .      ,       .  ,     . ,    -   , . ,       :

       Ѡ.

.         ,       .  , ,         , ,   .

      ,      .42,       (.40).  ,      -    ,         ,  ,   (  )                  , .42.   ,    ,        .




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