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  ,      ,  ,   , ,    ,    ,    ,          ,    . ,    2017     1600    46  , ,   40%        , 41%        .     ,   , 17% .     ,   ,  ,    ,   .        ,   ,       ,                    .

  ,     ,        :          ,    , ,   ,    ,   ,  ,      ,      .       ,       ,      ,     ,        .

 ,            ,              ,  , ,   ..                      ,  ,    ,      ,    .

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  ,  ,   ?    ?        :     , ,               ,          ;     ,  ..                 ,   (  ?) ,   ,     ,         .             ,   , , ,      .  , ,     ?:  ,           .

 ,           ,    ,          .    XIII     ,   ,        ,     -    .  ,   ,     ,   ,     ,  .  ,             .

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  ,                ,      ,       .      ,    ,  .

          .       ,  XIII ,       ,   .         ,         ,   ,        .                      ,     .

       ,   ,    ,  ,      , ,   ,    ,   ,     ,  ..                  .                      .

   :           1834         ,         .              .

     XIX   XX .,              (    ,   ,     .),      XX    -   ,      (Welfare State)      ,            ,       .   XIX   XX .          ,          ,    -  - .

            ?        ,      ,  ,       ,  ,    ?       ,           ,    ,     ,        ?

         XVIII    XIX.,            ,  ,      ,     ,      ,   .

,    -,                    ,  . ,      1833          ,     ,    ,      ,       .[1 - . : Slack P. Poverty and Policy in Tudor and Stuart England. L., 1993. P. 5]       ,  ,        ,     XVIII          (, ,        ;    ..  ,          [2 -    .:  ..,  ..     ..  //   . 2011. 2. . 1 ( ). . 6771.]).    ,     ,       ,   ,    ,      ,    .[3 -  ..   . ., . 1988. . 498499.]

             .                ,            , , ,      .

    - ,    ,      .         XVIII    XIX.    ,             : ,  ,                    .

               .   ,               ,         . , ,    ,    ,    () .   ,    ,        , ,     ,     .       ,      軠        ,     !,        ,        .

                 ,       , ,   .                ,    .  ,     ,        ,       ,       ,        ,  ,       .          ,       ,   ,  ,    . ,        ,         ,          .

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 ,     ,       .   , ,   ,         ,   ,   ,     ,        , ,  ,      ,  -   .

         .

    .     (),  ,   ,[4 - . : Elizabethian Poor Laws 15971601    ( )  : // http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethian_Poor_Law; Journals of the House of Commons. London. Vol. XXXIIXXXVIII; The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803. Ed. W. Cobett. In 36 vol. London, Bagshaw. 18061820. Vol. XVXXVI; The Parliamentary Register. Ed. J. Debrett. 2nd Series, 45 vol. L. 17811796.]           ,              .[5 - . .: The poor law report of 1834. ed. by S. G. and E. A. O, Checkland L., Penguin. 1974; Report of the Devon Poor Law Commission. 1845; Report from the Select Committee on the Poor Laws (1817); Report from the Select Committee on the Poor Laws (1819), Report from the Select Committee on Labourers Wages (1824); Report from His Majestys commissioners for Inquiring into the Administration and Practical Operation of the Poor Laws. London, B. Fellowes, 1834; The reports of the Society for Bettering the Condition and Increasing the Comforts of the Poor. Vol. 1. 1798.]      , ,    . , ,         -,    ,              .[6 - Ignominious Dress for Unchaste Women in Workhouses. Minute of the Poor Law Commissioners 5th March 1839 pp / 098100/#4. [electronic resourse]: http: www. institutions.org.uk/poor_law_unions/unmarried_mothers.htm.]

  ,        ,  - Old Poor Law,  ,  ,       ,    ,     ,     ,       ,      .[7 - . .: Black J. The Politics of Britain: 16881800. Manchester University Press. Manchester and New York. 1993. Selected Documents. 167 P.; English Historical Documents. In 12 vol. Ed. by D. C. Douglas. Vol. XI. London. 1959. XXIV + 867 P.]             English Historical Documents,      1959. ,  ,  -  ,       ,     ,    ,     .

         ,      .[8 - Journals of the House of Commons. L. Vol. XXXIIXXXVII.]     ,        - ,   ,       ,    ,    .

                 Journals of the House of Commons, ,       ,     ,     (,  1806 )    ,    . .     ,     ..,      ,      XVIII   XIX.    ,         . , ,           . .    , ,   ,         ,   , ,         ,    Annual Register  Gentlemans Magazine.[9 - The Parliamentary Register. Ed. J. Debrett. 2nd Series, 45 vol. L., 17811796.]

     ,         - ,  , , .        . ,  ,     ,         , . , . , . , .-. , . , . , .   .[10 - .:  .  .  2- . ., . 1964;  .  . ., 1958; . . :  .  .., . 1988;  .-. . ., . 1969;  .       . ., - - . 1962;  .    . ., .]                 .   , -,       ,        ![11 - Defoe D. Giving Alms no Charity. L., Printed and sold by the Booksellers of London and Westminster. 1704.]      ,            .[12 - Bentham J. Management of the Poor. Dublin: James Moore, 1796.] -,           : . , . , .. , . , . , . , .   .[13 - Eden F. M. Observations on Friendly Societies for the Maintainance of the Industrious Classes during Sickness, Infirmity, and Old Age. L., 1801; Eden F. M. The State of the Poor (in 3 books). London, G. Rutlege and Sons Ltd. 1928; Hall Ch. The Effects of Civilization on the People in European States. New York, 1965; Hanway J. An Earnest Appeal for Mercy to the Children of the Poor. L., 1766. 127 p.; Hanway J. Virtue in Humble Life. In 2 vol. L., 1774. 601 ; Hazlitt, W. Reply to Malthus. Malthus and the Liberties for the Poor. London, Longman, 1807; Sabatier W. A Treatise on Poverty, its Consequences, and the Remedy. L., 1797; The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt in the House of Commons. Ed. W. S. Hathaway. In 4 vol. London, Longman. 1806; The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke. Ed. By P. Langford. Oxford. 19801981; Townsend J. Dissertation on the Poor Law by a Well-Wisher of Mankind: Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1971; Young A. The Farmers Letters to the People of England. L., 1771.]

        : ,    .       , , ,    ..    (, ,  )       ,      (,      ,    , ),                 ,     ,    .       ,  The Times, Morning Chronicle,[14 - Morning Chronicle. 1849. September 24, October 18, 19, 23, 26. November 2, 6; The Times. July 11, 1795.]          ,[15 - Annals of Agriculture, 1792. Vol. 17; 1798. Vol. 29.]           ,    ..        .[16 -  .       .. (. . . -).  1.  1, 2.]

, ,     ,      ,            .         . ,    1986.          ,      .   ,   , 17991818.       ,       ,       ,   ,    .[17 - Paupers and Pig Killers. The Diary of William Holland, a Somerset Parson, 17991818. Ed. Jack Ayres. L., Penguin, 1986.]                      .  -  ,     ().[18 - Essex Pauper Letters. 17311837. d. By T. Sokoll. Oxford University Press. 2006.]

    ,  ,    -  . , ,        (       ) ,       ,   ,  ,  .             (,  !) ,                  .[19 - C. .: The Works of Hannah More. L., 1834; Burdon W. Advice, Addressed to the Lower Ranks of Society. Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, 1803.]  ,       ,      . ,          ,     ,   ,      ,               ,    .        ,     ,      ,   XVIIIXIX .

          .          ,       ,       ,          .     ,  ,  ,   ,       XVIII    XIX.,                     .         ,                 ,                ,        - ,    .[20 - Blaug . The Myth of the Old Poor Law and the Making of the New // The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 23, 2 (Jun, 1963), pp. 151184.]

,  -   XIX ,      ,     .       ,    .        .   . .         ,      ,             .       .   ,   (         )             .[21 - . .  ..         //   , 130,   , . 18.]

,   XIX   XX ,        ,  . . .[22 - Webb S., Webb B. English Poor Law History: Part One. The Old Poor Law. Frank Cass & Co. L., 1929.]             ,   ,        .    . ,      ,   ,  30,7%     .       ,    ,  .       ,    ,      ,     .  ,     (, ,  ),   ,    .    ,  ,           ,            .[23 - Himmelfarb G. The Idea of Poverty // History Today 1984 Vol. 34 Issue 4, April. P. 16.]

,       , ,       ,        .          ,    .   ,      ,    , ,      .        . ,       . ,    :     .     ,     : -, ,     , -, ,    ,   ,          .       .      ,      ,   ,           ,  ,        ,  .[24 -  .     (. .. ). . 1899. . 3.]  ,                   ,   .. ,       .[25 - . .  ..    . . 1907.]

         XX .   , ..,        ,       ,      XIX.     . . .      ,              .[26 -  . .       . , , 2002. 602 . . 496497.]   XX     ,    .               (1963),      ,     XIX               1834 .[27 - Blaug . The Myth of the Old Poor Law and the Making of the New // The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 23, 2 (Jun, 1963), pp. 151184.]  ,                 15311782.,         , ,             :     ,        ,  .     ,   ,  ,      .[28 - Slack P. Poverty and Policy in Tudor and Stuart England. L., Oxford, 1993. 246 p.; Slack P. The English Poor Law, 15311782. New Studies in Economic and Social History. Cambridge Unicersity Press, 1995. 376 p.]

  ,     ,       .         ,          ,        ,             , ,    .   . ,       ,       XVIIXVIII.      ,      ,   ,       ,           ,    ,        ,           ,  .[29 - Block F., Somers M. In the Shadow id Speenhamland: Social Policy and the Old Poor Law// Politics and Society. Vol. 3, 10. Sage Publications, 2003. P. 1112, 32.]

   ,  ,   Welfare State   ,                      .  .     Welfare State Escalator,             XVIII   XX .                  .[30 - Finlayson G. Citizen, State and Social Welfare in Britain, 18301990. Oxf., 1994. . 24, 7.]

     ,      .     , ,   . ,          XVIII    .   ,         XVIII   1%     ,   .  1820     ,   ,         (2,66%   ),     .[31 - Lindert P. H. Growing Public. Social Spending and Economic Growth since the 18th century. Vol. I. The Story. Camb., 2004. P. 8.]

            ,        ,     ,            .

     ,             , ,   ,     XX .     .

             (1905)                 ,   .[32 -  .     . ., . 1990.]                  ,         ,      .

      , ,               , ,   ,       XVII  ,  ,        ,           .                (1961);        ()          , ,    . ,           ,     ,   ,         .[33 - .:  .   .     . .,  . 1997;  .   .   (.  . ).    , 2015.]

   ,     XX   XXI.           ,         (1983).[34 - Himmelfarb G. The Idea of Poverty. England in the Early Industrial Age. Faber and Faber. 1983.] ,  ,   ,           ( - ,    ).    (17501850)    :      .        XVIII    ,  ,  -,   ,  ,  ,  .              1834    ,     ,    .            ,   . .        ,      , ,      .[35 - Ibid. P. 6.]     ,                   ,   ,  ,     ,     ,  .  ,   ,      ,    ,          .

         :  ,      ,  .     ,   ,     .         ,        XIX ,      , ,  ,   .[36 - Ibid. P. 14.] ,                 󻠖 - .

           .   1917        ,  , .             , , ,    ,  .          ,         .       ,     ,  .         .. , .. , .. , ..   .[37 - . .  ..     18151917. ., 1959;  ..        XV   XIX. . 1962.;  ..    . . 1995.  ..         //   . 130,   , . 18.]

        .    ,       .. ,                          ,         .[38 - . .:  ..             (     ) //   . :    . 2009. . 5. . 2128;  ..     :            XVI  XVII. / - . 2010.  2, . . 2. . 8492.21-28]      -  .    ,    , ,          (           ).[39 -  .   . -. 2013.]            - ..  (),      ,          XIX.[40 - .:  ..  -      (   .     1816.) //     . .. . , 2012. 2. . 173176;  ..   .        XIX. //    . 4. . 2731.]

 -                   ,    .. .[41 - .  ..   :   //  . 1996. 3. . 141143.]             ,    ,    ,        2010 .           ,         ,   ,   ,   20052009 .[42 -       :  . . .. . , . 2010.]

    ,       ,          .

     ,    ,     ,    ,                    ,       .




 1

          XVII    XIX 





      


   ,    ,      (   )   (  ,       ).              ,      , ,  .     ,                 .     .

         .   , ,          ,     XVIII    ,        , , ,    .  ,           XVIII.     ,        ,  ,    ,          1688  1780.    . ,     ,      .[43 - Porter R. English Society in the Eighteenth Century. L. 1990. P. 55.]    ,    . ,   XVIII      ,       .

, ,          .      ,      ,   ,   . ,       - ,       .      ,        ,      .[44 - Ibid. P. 70.]           ,  -      . , , ,           ,   XVII      .  ,   . ,  ,    .   ,   ,    .[45 -   . ., . 1987. . 399400.]  ,  ,   XVIII.      ,             .

  ,                ,   ,          . , ,       ,  1790.   3/4  ,   :   ,  ,   ,       .       ,      -,    ,   .[46 - . : Porter R. Op. it. P. 69.]

          XVIII.     .    ,           XVIII         .       , ,  ,     (  ),   . ,           -,        ..  .[47 - . . Wasson E. The House of Commons. 16601945. Parliamentary Families and the Political Elite. // English Historical Review. Vol. CVI, 1991. 420. P. 628.]     ,         .               . ,    ,        10 000 ,       1 000  5 000,   ,         :  10  100 .   XVIII      170  -,    , ,   .             .




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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



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1


. : Slack P. Poverty and Policy in Tudor and Stuart England. L., 1993. P. 5




2


   .:  ..,  ..     ..  //   . 2011. 2. . 1 ( ). . 6771.




3


 ..   . ., . 1988. . 498499.




4


. : Elizabethian Poor Laws 15971601    ( )  : // http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethian_Poor_Law; Journals of the House of Commons. London. Vol. XXXIIXXXVIII; The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803. Ed. W. Cobett. In 36 vol. London, Bagshaw. 18061820. Vol. XVXXVI; The Parliamentary Register. Ed. J. Debrett. 2nd Series, 45 vol. L. 17811796.




5


. .: The poor law report of 1834. ed. by S. G. and E. A. O, Checkland L., Penguin. 1974; Report of the Devon Poor Law Commission. 1845; Report from the Select Committee on the Poor Laws (1817); Report from the Select Committee on the Poor Laws (1819), Report from the Select Committee on Labourers Wages (1824); Report from His Majestys commissioners for Inquiring into the Administration and Practical Operation of the Poor Laws. London, B. Fellowes, 1834; The reports of the Society for Bettering the Condition and Increasing the Comforts of the Poor. Vol. 1. 1798.




6


Ignominious Dress for Unchaste Women in Workhouses. Minute of the Poor Law Commissioners 5th March 1839 pp / 098100/#4. [electronic resourse]: http: www. institutions.org.uk/poor_law_unions/unmarried_mothers.htm.




7


. .: Black J. The Politics of Britain: 16881800. Manchester University Press. Manchester and New York. 1993. Selected Documents. 167 P.; English Historical Documents. In 12 vol. Ed. by D. C. Douglas. Vol. XI. London. 1959. XXIV + 867 P.




8


Journals of the House of Commons. L. Vol. XXXIIXXXVII.




9


The Parliamentary Register. Ed. J. Debrett. 2nd Series, 45 vol. L., 17811796.




10


.:  .  .  2- . ., . 1964;  .  . ., 1958; . . :  .  .., . 1988;  .-. . ., . 1969;  .       . ., - - . 1962;  .    . ., .




11


Defoe D. Giving Alms no Charity. L., Printed and sold by the Booksellers of London and Westminster. 1704.




12


Bentham J. Management of the Poor. Dublin: James Moore, 1796.




13


Eden F. M. Observations on Friendly Societies for the Maintainance of the Industrious Classes during Sickness, Infirmity, and Old Age. L., 1801; Eden F. M. The State of the Poor (in 3 books). London, G. Rutlege and Sons Ltd. 1928; Hall Ch. The Effects of Civilization on the People in European States. New York, 1965; Hanway J. An Earnest Appeal for Mercy to the Children of the Poor. L., 1766. 127 p.; Hanway J. Virtue in Humble Life. In 2 vol. L., 1774. 601 ; Hazlitt, W. Reply to Malthus. Malthus and the Liberties for the Poor. London, Longman, 1807; Sabatier W. A Treatise on Poverty, its Consequences, and the Remedy. L., 1797; The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt in the House of Commons. Ed. W. S. Hathaway. In 4 vol. London, Longman. 1806; The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke. Ed. By P. Langford. Oxford. 19801981; Townsend J. Dissertation on the Poor Law by a Well-Wisher of Mankind: Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1971; Young A. The Farmers Letters to the People of England. L., 1771.




14


Morning Chronicle. 1849. September 24, October 18, 19, 23, 26. November 2, 6; The Times. July 11, 1795.




15


Annals of Agriculture, 1792. Vol. 17; 1798. Vol. 29.




16


 .       .. (. . . -).  1.  1, 2.




17


Paupers and Pig Killers. The Diary of William Holland, a Somerset Parson, 17991818. Ed. Jack Ayres. L., Penguin, 1986.




18


Essex Pauper Letters. 17311837. d. By T. Sokoll. Oxford University Press. 2006.




19


C. .: The Works of Hannah More. L., 1834; Burdon W. Advice, Addressed to the Lower Ranks of Society. Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, 1803.




20


Blaug . The Myth of the Old Poor Law and the Making of the New // The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 23, 2 (Jun, 1963), pp. 151184.




21


. .  ..         //   , 130,   , . 18.




22


Webb S., Webb B. English Poor Law History: Part One. The Old Poor Law. Frank Cass & Co. L., 1929.




23


Himmelfarb G. The Idea of Poverty // History Today 1984 Vol. 34 Issue 4, April. P. 16.




24


 .     (. .. ). . 1899. . 3.




25


. .  ..    . . 1907.




26


 . .       . , , 2002. 602 . . 496497.




27


Blaug . The Myth of the Old Poor Law and the Making of the New // The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 23, 2 (Jun, 1963), pp. 151184.




28


Slack P. Poverty and Policy in Tudor and Stuart England. L., Oxford, 1993. 246 p.; Slack P. The English Poor Law, 15311782. New Studies in Economic and Social History. Cambridge Unicersity Press, 1995. 376 p.




29


Block F., Somers M. In the Shadow id Speenhamland: Social Policy and the Old Poor Law// Politics and Society. Vol. 3, 10. Sage Publications, 2003. P. 1112, 32.




30


Finlayson G. Citizen, State and Social Welfare in Britain, 18301990. Oxf., 1994. . 24, 7.




31


Lindert P. H. Growing Public. Social Spending and Economic Growth since the 18th century. Vol. I. The Story. Camb., 2004. P. 8.




32


 .     . ., . 1990.




33


.:  .   .     . .,  . 1997;  .   .   (.  . ).    , 2015.




34


Himmelfarb G. The Idea of Poverty. England in the Early Industrial Age. Faber and Faber. 1983.




35


Ibid. P. 6.




36


Ibid. P. 14.




37


. .  ..     18151917. ., 1959;  ..        XV   XIX. . 1962.;  ..    . . 1995.  ..         //   . 130,   , . 18.




38


. .:  ..             (     ) //   . :    . 2009. . 5. . 2128;  ..     :            XVI  XVII. / - . 2010.  2, . . 2. . 8492.21-28




39


 .   . -. 2013.




40


.:  ..  -      (   .     1816.) //     . .. . , 2012. 2. . 173176;  ..   .        XIX. //    . 4. . 2731.




41


.  ..   :   //  . 1996. 3. . 141143.




42


      :  . . .. . , . 2010.




43


Porter R. English Society in the Eighteenth Century. L. 1990. P. 55.




44


Ibid. P. 70.




45


  . ., . 1987. . 399400.




46


. : Porter R. Op. it. P. 69.




47


. . Wasson E. The House of Commons. 16601945. Parliamentary Families and the Political Elite. // English Historical Review. Vol. CVI, 1991. 420. P. 628.


