    : . , . , . , . 
  


            .         . , . , .   . .             ,               XXI .  ,        .

          , ,       ,   ,     ,    .





  

    : . , . , . , . 


     



 . . , 2019

   (.), 201







                [1 -   .    /  .  .,  .,  . ?.: , 2002. . 7.],   ,         .               ,        ,    ,       .       ,          :    ,          .      ,  ,      ,     ,    .              , ,  , , ,   ,     ,    .                  .

      .         ?  , ,     .       ,       .                    .   ,    ,        .       -              .              ?     ,            ,        ,       [2 - Frowe H. The Ethics of War: an Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge. 2011. P. 4.].

 ,     ?      ,     .      ? ,        ,       .        ,      jus ad bellum  jus in bello.  jus ad bellum        ,  jus in bello,   ,       .                 .        ,    ? jus post bellum,       ,             .

 jus post bellum      ,  . .

        ,       .               ad bellum, in bello  post bellum,        ,   ,  .     ,               ,       [3 - Walzer M. Arguing about War. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. 2006. P. x.].   ,     ,         ,            .   , ,  , ,  ,        .

          .           . ,           ,  ,              ,        ,        .          .   .. [4 -     .. , ,        Just War Theory as War, Justice and Theory  -  Toward a Fair Concept and Theory of Just War,     9-11  2016.]  ,                 ,       .               .   ,      ,                    ,      .       ,         [5 - Coates A.J. The Ethics of War. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 1997. Pp. 3233.].    ,  ,   :        .

 ,     ,    ,   .      ,     ?   -    .       ,      (The Nordic War Network).       (    ),  (      , ø )   ( ).        , , ,     .              .

          ,   .       ,       ,         ,  ,        ,       .             ,    .                 ,      .

             ,      ,  ,       .             -            .     ,           -  :    ,          .  ,                XIX   XX[6 -       :  .    ,     . //  .   2 . . 2. ?.: , 1988;  ..     //  . ?1914. ? 12;  ..   -. :  , 2000;  ..  . .:   . . , 1914;  ..   .    . ?.: . - .. , 1915;  ..    . ?.: . . , 1899;  ..  1914    . ?.:  .., 1915;  ..  . ?.:  , 2003;  ..     //  .    10 . . 5. ?., 1999;  ..  . ?.:      , 2012.].                .         : .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. [7 -  . .    .  ?  ? //  . 2015. . 15. 1. .303314;  ..     //    :     /  . .: .. , .. . .: , 2016. .7786;  ..      // , 2002, 3. .385403;  .. Jus Talionis          //  . . 3 / . . ... .: , 2002. . 139165;  ..      //  . 2015. 1. .238241;  ..   //   .  12:  . 2010. 6. .7183;  ..     // . 2013. 2 (92). .245248;  ..    // .:   , 2015;  ..      . .:  , 2002;  ..         . //  . 2001. 2. .216230;  ..     // .   . 2010. 2. .178182;  ..     .       ..  //  . 2007. 11. .4555;  ..  XXI  // . 2010. 2. .3035;  ..        // . 2010. 2. .2629.].

                ,    .             .      ,     ,         XXI.                         .

 ,        .  bellum justum  just war          ,    ,      .           ,     .            .               .       ,            .   ,     ,    ,        .

       ,    ,     ,    - .          .         ,    ,   .     ,       .  ,     ,   [8 -  .    .          /     . ?.: , 2016. . 4.].  , ,   ,      ,           .        ,       ,       ,          .

  ,                  .      -.      ,        [9 -   . . 40.].             ,  , . . ,     , ,                    [10 -  .  ?   ,   . ?.:  , 2007. . 47.].               ,            .       (     )  .             .

              ,      .          ,       [11 -  . Homo sacer.  . ?.: - , 2011;  .    . ?.:   , 2015;  . .  . ?.:  , 2005;  .   .  . .: , 2002;  .   ,   . - . .:   , 2006.],       ,   ,     [12 - M?nkler H. Die neuen Kriege. Reinbek: Rowohlt. 2004; Singer P.W. Wired for War. The Robotics Revolution and 21st Century Conflict. New York: Penguin, 2009; Holmes R. The Ethics of Nonviolence: Essays by Robert L. Holmes. New York: Bloomsbury. 2013.].     ,    :    ,    ,      ?[13 -  .  ?   ,   .].                  .       jus ad bellum  jus in bello,  ,  ,       ,           bellum justum     .

   ?          .           ,      . , . , .   . ,                  .                      ,         ,        .

     .                 .    ,            : . , . , .   . .                  .            ,     , , ,      .     ?         ,                  .

           ,            ,    .       (legalist paradigm)     (national defense paradigm).   ,  ,    ,    ,  ,        .        , ..         . .      (asymmetric war).              ,  ,    ,    . .        (human rights paradigm),              .       ,         post bellum.  , .          .         .     [14 - Shue H. Do We Need a Morality of War? // Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Rodin D., Shue H. (eds.). New York: Oxford University Press. 2008. P. 111.],        ,       .     .          ,     ,                .

    ,       .   ,    ,                      ,        .           ,        .    ,        ,          .  ,     ,          .         (Euro-ISME)                  .         (Patrick Mileham)             . ,           ,       ,      .       ,                     ,    -              .      .




 1





    


                .      (   ),  ,   , .              ,        .           ,            .        ? , , , .            .            .    ,            .        ,           .        ,    ,         ,        ,       ,     .                     ,    ,      .




   


 ,     ,     ,     [15 - Reichberg G.M. Historiography of Just War Theory // The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of War, ed. Lazar S. and Frowe H.P. 2015. URL: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199943418.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199943418-e-18 ( : 25.04.2017).].       .     ,     ,       :           ;    ,    ,  ,   [16 - . . ?.: , , 1999. . 258.V, 89.].  ,     ,               .   ,    ,              .     ,        ?                  .          ,         .  ,        ,   ,  ,          .

         ,         .        ,   ,   .            .            ,                    . ,      :



       -     -    ,      .  -     -     - ,                [17 - .  //  .    4 . . 4. ?.: , 1994. . 421. 955c.].


 ,  ,           .             .

           ,    ,       ,   ,    ,    .        .

        ,         VIV.  ..,   , ,    .[18 - . .  //  . . .   . ?.: , 2000. .4680; .   //  . .149180; . 14    //  . .   . . 3. .:   , 1996. .4558, 6776, 108145; .   //  . .5966;    .  ..    IV.  .. / .   : 2. . 2. .: , 1983. . 157208.],            ,              ,  .         ,       (???????),     ,       (??????).   ,  ?  .               ,       .       ,  ,    ,      [19 - .  //  .    4 . . 3. ?.: , 1994. .248249.].

  ,    ,     ,     . ,            ,       [20 -  ..     ? (       IV.  ..) //     . .. . 2010. 2 (2). .218220.].      ?              ,      ,   ,   [21 - Hobbs A. Plato on War // Dominic Scott (ed.), Maieusis: Essays in Ancient Philosophy in Honour of Myles Burnyeat. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. 2007. Pp. 180185.].       ,         ,     -,   ,        [22 - . . 581a-b.].             [23 - Hobbs A. Plato on War. Pp. 192193.         ,     ????????,     . Craig L.H. The War Lover: A Study of Plato's Republic. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994. Pp. 1621.],     .    ,  ,     ,       ,         .

     ,    , ,   ,          .       ,        .       [24 - .  //  .    4 . . 4. . 65. 307e.].       ,       ,  -                   ,         [25 -  . 308a.].

       ,    ,       ,  ,  ,   ,  ,   [26 - . . 628d.].             .        ,       [27 -  . .   . . 2 / . . .. . .: -  .. , 1997. .239240.].     , -:



       ,         ,    ,  ,       ,   ,      .     ,    ,     [28 - . . 467a.].


            ,     .

 ,    ,          ,          [29 -  . 468a].       [30 -  . 468d-469b].                      [31 -  . 470.].    ,  ,        ,   [32 -  . 469c.],  ,        .      ?   ,       .

   ,        ?  ,        ,      .  ,       :   ,   .      ,      ,      ,  ,     .         ,    ,          [33 - . . 109b-d.].  ,       ,       ,   .          :   ,    ?   ,         , ?  ,   ?   [34 -  . 109d.].            .     ,        ?    ,    ,       .      :    ,       ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    ,          ,   ,  ,     ,   [35 -  ..      //. 4. (83). 2011. . 70.]. ,                    .

          .         ,         . -,          ,  -,      () .                ,                 .               ,   ,      ,  .    . ,   ,    ,         [36 -  . Vita activa,     / . . . .. ;  . .. . .: , 2000. . 24.].          .        ,     .    (    )    .           :



, ,     ,    ,   ,   ,    .   ,   ,   ?    ,  ,    ,  ,  ,     ?  (       ,  ,      ,     ,      ,     )[37 - .   //  .   4- . . 4. .: , 1983. . 282. 1177b.     .  //  .   4- . . 4. .616619 1333a-b.].


  ,          ,     ,      .        ,     ,   ,      [38 - .  . 1096a; 1101a.].     ,         ,    .

        ,        .  ,   []  ,   ;  ,        ,     [ ][39 -  . 1134b.].        ? ,     .         ,       .         :



     .       ,   ,    ,             [ ]      ;        ,   [40 - .  / . .  //  . .: - . -, 1978. .5960. 1373b.].


       ?       .       ,           - ,    .   , , ,      ; ,     [41 - . . 1255a.].      ,     ,    . ,      ,    ,               .

     ,    ,     ,    .          (.. ),        ,         (           ).  ,  ,         ,   , , -,          , , -,       ,   ,  ,  [42 -  . 1333b-1334a.].

       ,   ,        ,      ,     :      ,     , ,      ,   ;      [43 -  . 1256b.]. ,  ,         :     ,     .     ,  -       .  ,   . -,      ,   .           :             ?        [44 - - . ׸ .        . .: , 2001. . 198.].  -    ,    ,    [45 - .  777d.     .  . .: , 2004. . 331. VI, 265b-c. .             .].

     ,       .       ,      1256b ,     .

        ? ,                  .   ,    ,        .    , ..  (??????)   (?????),     .       ,        .          ,   .

              (  ,     )         .             ,         ,         ,     .  ,           ,          .       ,      ,   ,      ,       [46 - Russel F.H. The Just War in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1975. Pp. 45.].                ,       .        ,     :         [47 -  . .    :     . .:  , 2015. . 226.].            ,     ,      .                .

,                   ,            . , ,             ,   ,   ,     ,        .      :      ,     ,        [48 -  ..   //  .  .  .  . ., , 1993. 1.7.20.].            ,      ,              .              :       , , ,  ,        ?  ,         ,        [49 -  . 1.11.34. ,    : ,   , ,    ,          ,     ,    ,      .          ,   ,   ,   ,          :       .       ,   ,  ,     :     [  ]   (  !),   ,  ,      ,          ,            , . . 525b-c.].        .   ,   .                          .

..       :   []   :   ,      [50 -  ..        //  ..  .  .  . ., , 1993. . 171. .  ..   //  . . .: , 1994. 3.23.34.].         (    ,    ).         ,   , ,       ,      ?  [51 -  ..   1.11.34.].    ,  ,       ,           [52 -  . 1.11.36. .  ..  . 2.17.31; 3.23.35.].      : nullum bellum esse iustum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum[53 - Cicero. De Officiis. London: William Heinemann Ltd; New York: G.P. Putnams Sons. 1928. P. 38.] ( , ..).  ,              (rebus repetitis)  ,     .         ,           ,    [54 -  ..  . 1.12.38.].            -     [55 -  ..  . 3.23.34.]. .        ,     ,      (jus gentium)[56 - Russel F.H. The Just War in the Middle Ages. 1975. P. 7.]. ,  ?     ,                 .          ,      ,   -   .          ,    causa belli     bellum justum.

    .            ,  ,  ,     [57 -  ..  . 3.22.8687.].  ,                :      ,        ,  [58 -  . 1.11.35.].   ,  ,            ?      ,   .    ,     ,      [59 -  . 1.11.37.].

         , ..  (hostis).       ,    , , ,       ,   ,   ,   [60 - Cicero. Oratio Philippica quarta // Philippicis 39. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. 2007. P. 196 (6.14).    .      jus publicum Europaeum. .:  , 2008. C. 204205.].       ,         ,  ,   ,      .             ?          .      : ,    ,         injustus hostis[61 -  .      jus publicum Europaeum. . 204.].        (  ? ),       . ,       ,   ,       ,       ,         ,  [62 -  ..  . 3.29.107.].           ?    ,       ,   .   ,       ,           ,     ,   ,     .

      ,                .    ,        ,   .        IVV . ..     .

  ,        ,         .                         .        53- :  () ?  ,  :    ,  ? ,   ,   [63 - .     . .: , 1989. C. 202. 29 (53DK).],    80-:  ,   ,   ?   ,        [64 -  . C. 201. 28 (80DK).].        ,  , ,  ,     ,   ,                      ,        ?   [65 - . . 626a-d.],      ?    .     ,  .               .




    


        ,             . , ,              [66 -       , ,              .   ,              . . Anscombe G. E. M. War and Murder // Nuclear Weapons: A Catholic Response. Walter Stein (ed.). London, 1961. P. 49.        : Helgeland J., Daly R. J., Patout Burns J. Christians and the Military: The Early Experience. London: SCM Press. 1987; Johnson J. T. The Quest for Peace: Three Moral Traditions in Western Cultural History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1987. Pp. 565; Yoder J. H. War as a Moral Problem in the Early Church: The Historians Hermeneutical Assumptions // The Pacifist Impulse in Historical Perspective. Dyck H. L. (ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. Pp. 90-110.   ,            ,         . , ,   . :             ,            Cox R. The Ethics of War up to Thomas Aquinas // The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of War, ed. Lazar S., Frowe H.P. 2015. URL: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199943418.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199943418-e-19 ( : 25.04.2017).].   IV.        ,       .       ,        -       .         .     [67 -  .   . .; : , 1995.]      ,   .    (       )  ,      [68 - Russel F.H. The Just War in the Middle Ages. P. 14.],  . ,   .        ,    ,  (      )  [69 -  .   . I. XXVII.].           ,        ,    [70 -  . I. XXXVI. 181182.].    ,      : ,       , ?     , ?   ,   ,    [71 -  . I. XXXVI. 178. .  .   . II. VII. 33.].    ,       .           :



  (videtur),  ,      ,      (quaerere)   ;   ,         ,    , ,  () ,   e .   e       :    ( );    ,    (. XXVI:52).   e ,  ,   ?    e   ()  , ? ()  ,    e e[72 -  .   . III. IV. 27.].


          .    ,       




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/arseniy-kumankov/sovremennye-klassiki-teorii-spravedlivoy-voyny-m-uolcer-n/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  .    /  .  .,  .,  . ?.: , 2002. . 7.




2


Frowe H. The Ethics of War: an Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge. 2011. P. 4.




3


Walzer M. Arguing about War. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. 2006. P. x.




4


    .. , ,        Just War Theory as War, Justice and Theory  -  Toward a Fair Concept and Theory of Just War,     9-11  2016.




5


Coates A.J. The Ethics of War. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 1997. Pp. 3233.




6


      :  .    ,     . //  .   2 . . 2. ?.: , 1988;  ..     //  . ?1914. ? 12;  ..   -. :  , 2000;  ..  . .:   . . , 1914;  ..   .    . ?.: . - .. , 1915;  ..    . ?.: . . , 1899;  ..  1914    . ?.:  .., 1915;  ..  . ?.:  , 2003;  ..     //  .    10 . . 5. ?., 1999;  ..  . ?.:      , 2012.




7


 . .    .  ?  ? //  . 2015. . 15. 1. .303314;  ..     //    :     /  . .: .. , .. . .: , 2016. .7786;  ..      // , 2002, 3. .385403;  .. Jus Talionis          //  . . 3 / . . ... .: , 2002. . 139165;  ..      //  . 2015. 1. .238241;  ..   //   .  12:  . 2010. 6. .7183;  ..     // . 2013. 2 (92). .245248;  ..    // .:   , 2015;  ..      . .:  , 2002;  ..         . //  . 2001. 2. .216230;  ..     // .   . 2010. 2. .178182;  ..     .       ..  //  . 2007. 11. .4555;  ..  XXI  // . 2010. 2. .3035;  ..        // . 2010. 2. .2629.




8


 .    .          /     . ?.: , 2016. . 4.




9


  . . 40.




10


 .  ?   ,   . ?.:  , 2007. . 47.




11


 . Homo sacer.  . ?.: - , 2011;  .    . ?.:   , 2015;  . .  . ?.:  , 2005;  .   .  . .: , 2002;  .   ,   . - . .:   , 2006.




12


M?nkler H. Die neuen Kriege. Reinbek: Rowohlt. 2004; Singer P.W. Wired for War. The Robotics Revolution and 21st Century Conflict. New York: Penguin, 2009; Holmes R. The Ethics of Nonviolence: Essays by Robert L. Holmes. New York: Bloomsbury. 2013.




13


 .  ?   ,   .




14


Shue H. Do We Need a Morality of War? // Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Rodin D., Shue H. (eds.). New York: Oxford University Press. 2008. P. 111.




15


Reichberg G.M. Historiography of Just War Theory // The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of War, ed. Lazar S. and Frowe H.P. 2015. URL: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199943418.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199943418-e-18 ( : 25.04.2017).




16


. . ?.: , , 1999. . 258.V, 89.




17


.  //  .    4 . . 4. ?.: , 1994. . 421. 955c.




18


. .  //  . . .   . ?.: , 2000. .4680; .   //  . .149180; . 14    //  . .   . . 3. .:   , 1996. .4558, 6776, 108145; .   //  . .5966;    .  ..    IV.  .. / .   : 2. . 2. .: , 1983. . 157208.




19


.  //  .    4 . . 3. ?.: , 1994. .248249.




20


 ..     ? (       IV.  ..) //     . .. . 2010. 2 (2). .218220.




21


Hobbs A. Plato on War // Dominic Scott (ed.), Maieusis: Essays in Ancient Philosophy in Honour of Myles Burnyeat. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. 2007. Pp. 180185.




22


. . 581a-b.




23


Hobbs A. Plato on War. Pp. 192193.         ,     ????????,     . Craig L.H. The War Lover: A Study of Plato's Republic. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994. Pp. 1621.




24


.  //  .    4 . . 4. . 65. 307e.




25


 . 308a.




26


. . 628d.




27


 . .   . . 2 / . . .. . .: -  .. , 1997. .239240.




28


. . 467a.




29


 . 468a




30


 . 468d-469b




31


 . 470.




32


 . 469c.




33


. . 109b-d.




34


 . 109d.




35


 ..      //. 4. (83). 2011. . 70.




36


 . Vita activa,     / . . . .. ;  . .. . .: , 2000. . 24.




37


.   //  .   4- . . 4. .: , 1983. . 282. 1177b.     .  //  .   4- . . 4. .616619 1333a-b.




38


.  . 1096a; 1101a.




39


 . 1134b.




40


.  / . .  //  . .: - . -, 1978. .5960. 1373b.




41


. . 1255a.




42


 . 1333b-1334a.




43


 . 1256b.




44


- . ׸ .        . .: , 2001. . 198.




45


.  777d.     .  . .: , 2004. . 331. VI, 265b-c. .             .




46


Russel F.H. The Just War in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1975. Pp. 45.




47


 . .    :     . .:  , 2015. . 226.




48


 ..   //  .  .  .  . ., , 1993. 1.7.20.




49


 . 1.11.34. ,    : ,   , ,    ,          ,     ,    ,      .          ,   ,   ,   ,          :       .       ,   ,  ,     :     [  ]   (  !),   ,  ,      ,          ,            , . . 525b-c.




50


 ..        //  ..  .  .  . ., , 1993. . 171. .  ..   //  . . .: , 1994. 3.23.34.




51


 ..   1.11.34.




52


 . 1.11.36. .  ..  . 2.17.31; 3.23.35.




53


Cicero. De Officiis. London: William Heinemann Ltd; New York: G.P. Putnams Sons. 1928. P. 38.




54


 ..  . 1.12.38.




55


 ..  . 3.23.34.




56


Russel F.H. The Just War in the Middle Ages. 1975. P. 7.




57


 ..  . 3.22.8687.




58


 . 1.11.35.




59


 . 1.11.37.




60


Cicero. Oratio Philippica quarta // Philippicis 39. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. 2007. P. 196 (6.14).    .      jus publicum Europaeum. .:  , 2008. C. 204205.




61


 .      jus publicum Europaeum. . 204.




62


 ..  . 3.29.107.




63


.     . .: , 1989. C. 202. 29 (53DK).




64


 . C. 201. 28 (80DK).




65


. . 626a-d.




66


      , ,              .   ,              . . Anscombe G. E. M. War and Murder // Nuclear Weapons: A Catholic Response. Walter Stein (ed.). London, 1961. P. 49.        : Helgeland J., Daly R. J., Patout Burns J. Christians and the Military: The Early Experience. London: SCM Press. 1987; Johnson J. T. The Quest for Peace: Three Moral Traditions in Western Cultural History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1987. Pp. 565; Yoder J. H. War as a Moral Problem in the Early Church: The Historians Hermeneutical Assumptions // The Pacifist Impulse in Historical Perspective. Dyck H. L. (ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. Pp. 90-110.   ,            ,         . , ,   . :             ,            Cox R. The Ethics of War up to Thomas Aquinas // The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of War, ed. Lazar S., Frowe H.P. 2015. URL: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199943418.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199943418-e-19 ( : 25.04.2017).




67


 .   . .; : , 1995.




68


Russel F.H. The Just War in the Middle Ages. P. 14.




69


 .   . I. XXVII.




70


 . I. XXXVI. 181182.




71


 . I. XXXVI. 178. .  .   . II. VII. 33.




72


 .   . III. IV. 27.


