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   ?,     ?     ,        .     ,  ,   ,    .    ,        ,        -   ,     .

 1850  , ,   ,     , ,        ,     [1 - Murger H. Les Buveurs dEau. Paris: Michael Levy, 1853. P.80.].    ,  1995  ,  -,   ,    ,  : ࠖ ,   ,      [2 - Tressider M. The Awfully Funny Life of Beryl// The Guardian. 1995. April 8. Saturday. P.27.].

             .     ,    , , ,  .  ,  ,   ,      .          ,         , , ,   ,      ,    [3 -   ,     .].  ꠖ  ,  ,  ;      .    (  )   (  ),   (  )   (  );  ,     (  )   (  )[4 - Kreuzer H. Die Boheme: Beitrage zu ihrer Beschreibung. Stuttgart: J.B.Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1968. P.17.].     ,     ,        sic [5 - Siegel J. Bohemian Paris: Culture, Politics and the Boundaries of Bourgeois Life, 18301890. New York: Viking, 1986. P.12.].

 , ,            . ,         ,  ,           ,   . ,      ,        .        :  -   ?,      ?   ,     :        .         ,      - ,   .    ,         ,     ,    .     ,       ,    .     :      ,    ?

    ,  -  [6 - Rexroth K. San Francisco Scene// Evergreen Review. 1957. Vol.2. No. 2. . : Kreuzer H. Die Boheme. . 278.]        .        -      𠖠     ,   .        ,  ,  ,    ,   .        ; ,     ,   .

         . ,   ,     ,  [7 - Brown M. Gypsies and Other Bohemians: The Myth of the Artist in Nineteenth Century France. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Research Press, 1985. P.7.],      ,    ,              ,     [8 - Wittkower R., Wittkower M. Born Under Saturn: The Character and Conduct of Artists: A Documented History from Antiquity to the French Revolution. New York, 1969. P.16 (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1963).].  ,        ,    :  , ,  .        ; ࠫ ,  ,      ,     .    ,    XIX    .    , ,   XIX ՠ       (, - [9 -                  , ,   .  ,      ,      ,  - ,     , ,      ,      .]).       ,    ;      ,      ,     ,     :         ,    .

  XIX,     젖젖,      ,  , ,  .       .       ,  ,       ,  ,    ,      .   ,  , ,      ,    ,   ,    .

      .         ; ࠖ      , ,     ,       .  ꠖ  ,  .

 [10 -    ,    .]  ,            ,     ,  ࠖ .   ,   , ,       ,    .            .            ,         .

         XVIII.   ,           ,       : , ,  .  ꠖ     .   XIX    ,      ,    .      ;      ,   .

    ,      㠖     ,         .  頖 ,  .   , ,    ;      ,       .   ࠖ  , ,  ,  ,  ,  ,       ,      ,      ,    ,     .

     ,     ,         ,   .    ࠖ  ,       ,   ,     , 蠖.      ,  ,               ,    .

        .    ,      ,       ;        ,       ,  ,  , ,     ,      ,  .  ,  ,               ,        .

      , ,  ,     .             ,    - .     ,    ,     , ,  , ,     .

      ,      .    ,   ,        ,        ,    ,   .    ,     ,   ,   ,      .

ʠ,     -  XX,   ,       .    ,  ,   ,    :   - .       -ࠖ ,  ,  ,    :



 堖: ,  ;          ,    . ,     , ,     ; , ,   ,  ,     .    [11 - Brade J. Suzanne Valadon: vom Modell in Montmartre zur Malerin der klassische Moderne. Stuttgart: Beber Verlag, 1994. P.7.].


 ,   ,     .   ,           .  , ,     .          ,     .            ,   ,             ࠖ ,    .

       ,    : ,  ,   ;     ,  ,        ,   ,  ;       . ,  ,   ,      ?      -     .           ,   ,      ,           ,   ,   ,   1920?  [12 - Mann K. The Turning Point ( 堖1942). London: Oswald Wolff, 1984. P.xii.]. ,  ,    ,        ,    .

        .             ,       .   , ,      ,              .   ,        .     ,       .            ,   . ,     ,        ,                 ,     .   XIX   и   ,    , 1920?    ,        ,             . ,  ,  ,    .        ,     ,       堖       .

    ,     .  ,   ,       - ,   ,       ,      ,    - .     ,       ,           .      ࠖ -     ,     ࠖ,   .     -       ,    :  -   ?

        ⠖ ,    . ࠖ   ,   [13 - Cowley M. Exiles Return: A Literary Odyssey of the 1920s ( 堖1934). London: The Bodley Head, 1964 ( ). P.62.] - 1920?.         ,           .     ,  蠖      ,   ?    ,   ,   ? ,       :  [-]    ,  ;          ,      ,   ?[14 - Klonsky M. Greenwich Village: Decline and Fall// Commentary. 1948. November 6. Pp.458459, 461. . : Jacoby R. The Last Intellectuals: American Culture in the Age of Academe. New York: Basic Books, 1987. P.32.        .]

  ,       ,  . ,                . ,          ,          .  ,    堖     ,      .           ,        , ,  ,    ,  , -     ,      ,     ,    .       , , ?

    ,        ;       -   ,    ,         . ʠ        ,       ,  .  ,  ,        ,     ,     .    ,  ,         ,         ,           ,      ,    .       ,        .

  .     .  ,   ,  : ,   .     ,      ,  堖,  堖,  堖.  ,    ,    , ,  [15 -      : Richardson J. The Bohemians: La Vie de Boh?me in Paris, 18301914. London: Macmillan, 1969. P.14.].

     .           ,         ,  ,     ,      ,     [16 - Ransome A. Bohemia in London ( 堖1907). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. P.7.].  1923        .                 ,   ,             ,      .       ,  , ,     -,   --,     ⠫  [17 - Kops B. The World is a Wedding. London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1963. P.172.],        :    ,                ,     [18 - Faithfull M. Faithfull. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1995. P.47.].

         ,   蠖,        .      ,   - ,   ,    ,  .

        .    ,  ;        .        .         ,      .        .

    ,    :  ,  ,      ,    . ,          ,    , .    ,    ,         .




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     ,  ,  堖 ,       .           , ,    ;    ,  ,        ,   .

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    ,           XVIII.     ,      :



  ,     ,         .  ,   ,   ,    , ,     ,    .    ,   [19 -  .,  .  .]


    ;         .  ,    .          .        (,       ).    ,  ,    ,  ;        [20 -     : B?rger P.Theory of the Avant Garde/ Transl. M. Shaw. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984.].

     ,      :     .   ,      [21 - Ibid.].     .   ,  .      ,       ;    ,  [22 - Ibid.].

    ,  ,           ,   ,   . Ѡ     .      , , ,  ,     ,     ,   , ,               .     ,     ,  ,  .     ,    .

         .            ,        ,   ,   [23 - Rykwert J. The Constitution of Bohemia// Res. 1997. xxxi. Spring. P.110.].  XVII          .    , ,    (, ),      ,     .  ,  ,      .

     XVII    .  , , ,  ,  ;     1762:



          ;      , ࠖ  .  ,        ,     ,         ,     [24 -  .  ,    ,  ,    / . ... .: , 1974. .            : Brewer J. The Pleasures of the Imagination: English Culture in the Eighteenth Century. London: Harper Collins, 1997.].


   ,     ,   .     XVIII:       [25 - Ibid. P.133.],    ,          [26 - Becq A. Expositions, Peintres et Critiques: Vers LImage Moderne de LArtiste// Dix-Huitime Sicle. 1982. xiv. Pp.131149. ߠ    ,        .].  1789 ,   ,     ,   . ,        ,  . ,        1793.        ,   蠖  ,  -   ,  ,        -     [27 - Becq A. Artistes et March// Bonnet S.C. (ed.). La Carmagnole des Muses: lHomme de Lettres et lArticle dans La Rvolution. Paris, 1988. Pp.8195.].

     XIX     ,    ,     [28 -  .  //   . 2000. 45. .2287.].   ,   ,       .      ,          .       ,    ,      ,   ,    .

     ,      .  ,          . ,         LArtiste 1832,          ;              ,       ,       ;    , ;            ;       ,  ,     [29 - Saint Chron. De la poesie et des beaux arts dans notre poque// LArtiste: Journal de la Littrature et des Beaux Arts, 1re Serie. 1832. iv. P.50.].

   ,    ,          .   , ,   ,   .         ?  ,       .        :     ,         ,   .      ,        ,   .        ,    ,  , ,  ,  (   )   .

     [30 - Rykwert J. The Constitution of Bohemia. P.112.  ,          XVII ,         ,   ( ,  ,  Philister    , ,  蠫,   ;       . . .).   ,    XVIII , ø,      ,      .    ,        .      ,   ꠫       -    (17151735).]  ,          ,    ,  .          ,      ,           .    ,       ,  ,    ,      .         ,     ,       .      ,  , ,      ,    ,      [31 - Saint Chron. De la poesie et des beaux arts. P.178.].

     ,    ,  [32 - Grana C. Modernity and Its Discontents: French Society and the French Man of Letters in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Harper Row, 1967. P.141.].     ,  ,   :    ,        .    ,  ꠖ.      [33 -  .  18301880.].

        ,      .    ,   , ,       , ,    ,   .   ,       , , ,      :     ,    ,   ,  ,    .    : ,     ,    , ,      [34 - Bourdieu P.Is the Structure of Sentimental Education an Instance of Social Self Analysis?// Bourdieu P.The Field of Cultural Production/ Transl. C. Verlie. Oxford: Polity Press, 1993. P.154.].        :         .

         ,     .     ,     ,     ,   ,     ,    蠖   .       :        .   ,   -   ,     堖   ,  :    ,   [35 -      .  . . . .].           .     ,  :  ,     ,     ,       ,   ,     .      ,       , ,   ,  .     , ,    ,  [36 - Bell D. The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. London: Heinemann, 1979. 2nded. P.16.].

   ,       .          ,           .       ,     .     . ,     ,    ,      .     ,     .    ,  ,           ,     [37 - Ibid. P.18.]. ,   ,         ,   , ,   ,        .

   ,   ໠   ,     ,  ,   .        ,  .     XVIII (  )      ,    . -     ,       ,       ,      .       ,  .  ,       ,       ,            ,     .  XIX      .         ,    , ,   ,   .          ;      ,   ,   .

    ,         .    .         :          ,   ,   ,     ,  .  ,     ,     ,     ,         . ,     ,     .

             .     ,  1867,    ,     ,   ,        [38 - Arnold M. Culture and Anarchy. London: John Murray, 1867. Pp.1213.].  ,         ,  ,  ,     .        .        ;      ,       .    蠫 , []         ,      ,   ,     .      ,      [39 - Ibid. P.124.].           ,   .   , ,     ,       .          . ,     ,    ,      ,    ,          . ,  ,        , ,         ,        .

       :    ,   .     ,  ,       .   XIX  ,      ;   ,      ,       [40 -     (gitanes  gitanos)    ,      . .: BrownM. Gypsies and Other Bohemians. h. 2.   Zigeuner,   tsigane (),     (?????????),       . RkywertJ. The Constitution of Bohemia. P.114.     ,       .].

ʠ        (     1848)   1834, ,    ?       ,     ,  ,   ,  ,   ,   ;   [41 - Pyat F. Les Artistes// Le Nouveau Tableau de Paris. 1834. iv. P.9.].     ,      ,   ,     ,          .  ,      ;  ,   ;  ,    ,   ; ,       : , ,    ,           ,  ,    . Ӡ      ,   ,  ,       .

       ,       ,   .      ,  ,  ,     ,  , , , ,  , , , ,   , , , , , , , ,  ,  ,          la boh?me [][42 -  .   -//  .,  .. 2- . .8. .:    , 1957. .168.].      ,      ,      ,       堖        . ,            ,  .           ,  ,   -,    .   ,           ,  , ,        ⠖   ,  .

        ,    1815    ,  ?            .   ,    .  1826      67  ,           57,        ,   ,         ,   [43 - Schamber E. The Artist as Politician: The Relationship Between the Art and the Politics of the French Romantics. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1984. P.127.   : De Sauvigny B. La Restauration. Paris: Flammarion, 1955. Pp.237, 319, 321.].

 ,    ,     ,    . Ƞ,  -          ,     .  , , 蠫  ,  ,     ,    ,      ,        ,            .  ,     ,    ,  -  ,        :     ,    ,   ,  ,  [44 -  .  //   . 2000. 45. .2287.].        .        .     ,    ,   [45 - .: Williams R. The Bloomsbury Fraction// Problems in Materialism and Culture. London: Verso, 1980. P.169.].

    ,  1820? ,    ,      ?    .        .  1825  ,    ,      ,   ,       1790?.     ,    ,  ,     ,      .

         .     ,  ,     :



 ,      ,    , ,  ,    :        !      ;   ;    ;       ,      [46 -  .  / . . . .:    , 1957. .383.].


   ,         -     ,         .  ,   ,    ,   .     ,   ,    ,   LArtiste 1832:



  . Ѡ   ,     ,        .             ,                []   ,  .      -   ,    ,      [47 - Anon. LArtiste. 1832. Septembre 5. P.79.].


       ,           ,        .        .     ,  ,    .     ,   ,     ,      ,       .      , ,    ,  [48 - Du Camp M. Souvenirs. Vol.1. P.160. . : Starkie E. Petrus Borel the Lycanthrope: His Life and Times. London: Faber and Faber, 1954. P.60.].  ,   ,        1832:       ,       ,               .         ,    1770,   ,       ,   1830?   .

      .          ,     , ,    ,  ,  .       ,           .

  ,     XIX, ,     18801918 (   1930? ),       .         ,      ,  ,  .       蠖  蠖   ,   , ,  ,   .

     :           .  ,    ࠖ  .  ,      ,    .        ,     ,      . ,      ,      ,   , , ,       ,          nostalgie de la boue (.   軠  , , . . .).         .     ,  , .  ,            .  ,       ,  ,     蠖,            [49 - Grana C. Modernity and Its Discontents. P.72.].

       .     ,        .      [50 - Shattuck R. The Banquet Years: The Origins of the Avant Garde in France, 1885 to World War One. New York: Viking, 1968. P.18.]    ,      :  ,  ,    .           .   ,      ,       ,     ,     ,        /[51 - .: B?rger P.Theory of the Avant Garde.].  ,      ,  ,     .

      , , ,    ,   ,          .   ՠ  , ,       . ,   ⠫ ,        .   ,    ⠫    , ,      [52 - Siegel J. Bohemian Paris. P.389.].

   ,  ,      ,        ,       :    ?           , ,      ,   .    ,    ,    ,    ,  (  ),   . ,             :            .

       ,            [53 -    ,               .] (Petit Cnacle),      (Les Jeunes France) 蠫 ( ).   1829 (       ),   ,        ,     .     ,           .     ,      ,   ,       ,         .           ,   ,     ,      .   ,       ,     ,     .

             . Ѡ   1831     ,   1832ࠖ  [54 - Starkie E. Petrus Borel the Lycanthrope. Pp.9293.].      ,      .

   ,        ,   1830?     .  1840?   ,   ,   ,         , ,   -,     ,,  .        : ,     .

       .     ,     ,     . ,   ,  ,   ,      .





: .

: .

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 3

 


  , ,  ,     ,   ,  .

 .  

       .       ,           頖 ,   .       ,       .   XIX    ,      ,       , ,  ,   ,  .

     .              ,      ,   . , ,       .       .    ,     .           ,    ,              (     ,   ,   ,  ).

   XIX    ,       . ,   , ,      ,    ,   ,   , ,    ,  ,    .            .

, ,              , 1830         .    ,  ;  ,       ,        .      ,            (     ,         ).

       .  ,  XIX, ,    ,   ,   .   ,  .        ,    .    :    ,  ,  ,      ,      .     ,        ,   ,  .     , ,  ,     - ,   ,       ,     sic , , ,  ?[55 - Delvau A. Les Dessous de Paris. Paris: Poulet Malarus et de Brosse, 1861. P.8.].

 ,  , ,     ,         . ,  ,        ;   ,       .      ,    [56 - Privat dAnglemont A. Paris Inconnu. Paris: Adolphe Delahaye, 1861 ( 1847). P.101.].          ,    ,           .

 1840?  ,    ,   -  . ,   ,    ,      ,     ,  ,  .  1880? 1890? -     (   ).        ,       ; ,  ,        ,          .

      .  1835            .        ,             頖 :          , , , ,        .     ,      ,    . , ,  ,      ,       ,   .      젖    ,                .    ,    ,         .           ,    [57 -  .  . . ...].

,   ,     .  1836   ,          ,    1850? ,   -    ࠖ        . Ƞ,    ,     .       ,    ,  ,  ,      .   [58 - Delvau A. Les Dessous de Paris. P.134.].

     ,    ,       .    ,  ,        ,       ,      -     ,            .        ,          ,      ,   .              . ,       



, ,  ,   ,      .     , ,      ,     ,   ,    .     .    [59 -  .  . . ...].


,    ,    ,    ,     -:



  ,     ;   .          ,    ,     .      ,       ,  :

   ![60 -  .  . . ...]


       ՠ.  1930?       . ,     ,  ,          ,     ,   ,   ,     ,    [61 -      ,  1933. . : David H. The Fitzrovians: A Portrait of Bohemian Society, 19001955. London: Michael Joseph, 1988. P.140.].

        ,  ,   ,     ,      .        ,          --,      .     , Hes got the whole world in his hands (Ӡ   )     ,     :



         ,   ,  ,       ,     ,    , ,    .        ,        .


      ,    :               ,  -   ,     , ,   腻[62 -  .  . . . .]

           .        ,        .        , , ,  . , -   ,    ,     ,    ,       -.   ,          .    , ,        .     ,       蠖  ,              ,    la boh?me[63 -  .., -   . .  ;    ;  . , 1850.  .    1848.. , 1850//  .,  .. 2- . .7. .:    , 1957. .286.]




  .


   .

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notes








1


Murger H. Les Buveurs dEau. Paris: Michael Levy, 1853. P.80.




2


Tressider M. The Awfully Funny Life of Beryl// The Guardian. 1995. April 8. Saturday. P.27.




3


  ,     .




4


Kreuzer H. Die Boheme: Beitrage zu ihrer Beschreibung. Stuttgart: J.B.Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1968. P.17.




5


Siegel J. Bohemian Paris: Culture, Politics and the Boundaries of Bourgeois Life, 18301890. New York: Viking, 1986. P.12.




6


Rexroth K. San Francisco Scene// Evergreen Review. 1957. Vol.2. No. 2. . : Kreuzer H. Die Boheme. . 278.




7


Brown M. Gypsies and Other Bohemians: The Myth of the Artist in Nineteenth Century France. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Research Press, 1985. P.7.




8


Wittkower R., Wittkower M. Born Under Saturn: The Character and Conduct of Artists: A Documented History from Antiquity to the French Revolution. New York, 1969. P.16 (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1963).




9


                 , ,   .  ,      ,      ,  - ,     , ,      ,      .




10


   ,    .




11


Brade J. Suzanne Valadon: vom Modell in Montmartre zur Malerin der klassische Moderne. Stuttgart: Beber Verlag, 1994. P.7.




12


Mann K. The Turning Point ( 堖1942). London: Oswald Wolff, 1984. P.xii.




13


Cowley M. Exiles Return: A Literary Odyssey of the 1920s ( 堖1934). London: The Bodley Head, 1964 ( ). P.62.




14


Klonsky M. Greenwich Village: Decline and Fall// Commentary. 1948. November 6. Pp.458459, 461. . : Jacoby R. The Last Intellectuals: American Culture in the Age of Academe. New York: Basic Books, 1987. P.32.        .




15


     : Richardson J. The Bohemians: La Vie de Boh?me in Paris, 18301914. London: Macmillan, 1969. P.14.




16


Ransome A. Bohemia in London ( 堖1907). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. P.7.




17


Kops B. The World is a Wedding. London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1963. P.172.




18


Faithfull M. Faithfull. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1995. P.47.




19


 .,  .  .




20


    : B?rger P.Theory of the Avant Garde/ Transl. M. Shaw. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984.




21


Ibid.




22


Ibid.




23


Rykwert J. The Constitution of Bohemia// Res. 1997. xxxi. Spring. P.110.




24


 .  ,    ,  ,    / . ... .: , 1974. .            : Brewer J. The Pleasures of the Imagination: English Culture in the Eighteenth Century. London: Harper Collins, 1997.




25


Ibid. P.133.




26


Becq A. Expositions, Peintres et Critiques: Vers LImage Moderne de LArtiste// Dix-Huitime Sicle. 1982. xiv. Pp.131149. ߠ    ,        .




27


Becq A. Artistes et March// Bonnet S.C. (ed.). La Carmagnole des Muses: lHomme de Lettres et lArticle dans La Rvolution. Paris, 1988. Pp.8195.




28


 .  //   . 2000. 45. .2287.




29


Saint Chron. De la poesie et des beaux arts dans notre poque// LArtiste: Journal de la Littrature et des Beaux Arts, 1re Serie. 1832. iv. P.50.




30


Rykwert J. The Constitution of Bohemia. P.112.  ,          XVII ,         ,   ( ,  ,  Philister    , ,  蠫,   ;       . . .).   ,    XVIII , ø,      ,      .    ,        .      ,   ꠫       -    (17151735).




31


Saint Chron. De la poesie et des beaux arts. P.178.




32


Grana C. Modernity and Its Discontents: French Society and the French Man of Letters in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Harper Row, 1967. P.141.




33


 .  18301880.




34


Bourdieu P.Is the Structure of Sentimental Education an Instance of Social Self Analysis?// Bourdieu P.The Field of Cultural Production/ Transl. C. Verlie. Oxford: Polity Press, 1993. P.154.




35


     .  . . . .




36


Bell D. The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. London: Heinemann, 1979. 2nded. P.16.




37


Ibid. P.18.




38


Arnold M. Culture and Anarchy. London: John Murray, 1867. Pp.1213.




39


Ibid. P.124.




40


    (gitanes  gitanos)    ,      . .: BrownM. Gypsies and Other Bohemians. h. 2.   Zigeuner,   tsigane (),     (?????????),       . RkywertJ. The Constitution of Bohemia. P.114.     ,       .




41


Pyat F. Les Artistes// Le Nouveau Tableau de Paris. 1834. iv. P.9.




42


 .   -//  .,  .. 2- . .8. .:    , 1957. .168.




43


Schamber E. The Artist as Politician: The Relationship Between the Art and the Politics of the French Romantics. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1984. P.127.   : De Sauvigny B. La Restauration. Paris: Flammarion, 1955. Pp.237, 319, 321.




44


 .  //   . 2000. 45. .2287.




45


.: Williams R. The Bloomsbury Fraction// Problems in Materialism and Culture. London: Verso, 1980. P.169.




46


 .  / . . . .:    , 1957. .383.




47


Anon. LArtiste. 1832. Septembre 5. P.79.




48


Du Camp M. Souvenirs. Vol.1. P.160. . : Starkie E. Petrus Borel the Lycanthrope: His Life and Times. London: Faber and Faber, 1954. P.60.




49


Grana C. Modernity and Its Discontents. P.72.




50


Shattuck R. The Banquet Years: The Origins of the Avant Garde in France, 1885 to World War One. New York: Viking, 1968. P.18.




51


.: B?rger P.Theory of the Avant Garde.




52


Siegel J. Bohemian Paris. P.389.




53


   ,               .




54


Starkie E. Petrus Borel the Lycanthrope. Pp.9293.




55


Delvau A. Les Dessous de Paris. Paris: Poulet Malarus et de Brosse, 1861. P.8.




56


Privat dAnglemont A. Paris Inconnu. Paris: Adolphe Delahaye, 1861 ( 1847). P.101.




57


 .  . . ...




58


Delvau A. Les Dessous de Paris. P.134.




59


 .  . . ...




60


 .  . . ...




61


     ,  1933. . : David H. The Fitzrovians: A Portrait of Bohemian Society, 19001955. London: Michael Joseph, 1988. P.140.




62


 .  . . . .




63


 .., -   . .  ;    ;  . , 1850.  .    1848.. , 1850//  .,  .. 2- . .7. .:    , 1957. .286.


