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           ,    ,  -          .       ,      ,   :  ,  ,  ,    .    ,   ,    ,      :   ,  ,  III,  ,  ,    .             Bunting 1995  1996  ,   ,   .                 1995        1996.       ,         .    IREX       . ,       1998 1999    .              :     - 1997,      ,     ,      -    2000.     ARCHIVE,          ,             ,       .                     .

 ,     ,    ,       .    , -   ;        ;            ;    ,         ;      ,       .    ,  -,             .   ,         ,    .       ,      .     ,             :    ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    .      .      ,    ;  ĸ       .              .

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          .               ʸ.      , ʸ      ,    .     ,         ,      .      ,    ,      ,          .        ,      .   ,     ,     .

 ,    .,          [1 -   // . 1993. .]

       .     ,    .   -ʸ     .             ?     ,    ?     ,      ,     .       .  ,     .      .

 ( ??????   ????? )    ,       .       ,         .          .               ,   ,    .    ,          ,       .

  -             .  XVII    ,   .   ,  ,         . ʠXXI          . XX       .        ,      1960? .       ,        .   ,       ,     -  .    ,        .

   ,      ,  .      .   , ,    ,    ,       -[2 -             NBC 1980? .. .]   ,   .   ,  , .      XX,           ,          .  ,        , , ,  .        .                ,       ,      .              .

    ,     .      ,      .     ,    ,   [3 - Maier Ch. The End of Longing? Notes Towards a History of Postwar German National Longing// aper presented at the Berkeley Center for German and European Studies. 1998. December. Berkeley, CA.].     .  <>  , ,   .    ,    ,   ,   [4 - KammenM. Mystic Chords of Memory. New York: Vintage, 1991. .688.   (Michael Gedaliah Kammen, 19362013)  , , ,   .        .. .]. ,   ,    ,    ,    .

           . ,         1981,    :    ?    ,     . ,    ,   廠   ;  ,    ,   .     ,      .          .         ?                .       -     ,     .

,      ,   ,   ?     ,   -  ,    :  -     : ,  ,  ,    ,    ,        .   ,  ,    :        ,    .   ,   ,     .     ,   ,  ,       .

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    ,            ,    ,      ,  ,     ,      ,      . ?????    ,      ,  ??????     ,   .     ,         ,          .     ,  ,  ,     .         ,        .    [6 - El sue?o de la razn produce monstruos        ,            .. .].                           .

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      ;   1789,              .    Ancien Rgime[7 - .  껠  ,       XVI   XVII    .. .]  ,        Ancien Rgime,    ,     .                   , ,     ,  蠫軠 ,    .  ,  ,         ,           ,     .          ,        ,       ,    .

        ;    ,   .  ,   ,      .           .           .    ,     ,           ,     .

  ,            ,  ,     -.      ;  -        ,     ;            XX . -      ,       [8 - ,       XX. . .].  -    ,       .  ,   - XX,     (   ,           ,      ),                 ,   ,      .

   ,    ,     .        ,    .   ,  ,    ,    ,     :     ;  軠   ;       ,     .          ,      ,      .   ,   XVIII,      locus    ,        .    ,  ,       ,        ,     ,    .     ,      ,         .

     -  :     , ,    ,   ,  ,      ,              .    ,   ,      -,       ,    .        .                      .

     ;     ,  .  [9 -   (Susan Stewart, . 1952)  ,    , ,     ,    .      ,         ,   -.. .] ,     ,           [10 - StewartS.On Longing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. . : YankelevitchV. LIrreversible et la nostalgie. Paris: Flammarion, 1974; LowenthalD. The Past Is a Foreign Country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985; RothM. Returning to Nostalgia// Suzanne Nash, ed. Home and Its Dislocation in Nineteenth-Century France. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993. P.2545; SteinerG. Nostalgia for the Absolute. Toronto: CBC, 1974.        .: HuyssenA. Twilight Memories: Marking Time in a Culture of Amnesia. New York; London: Routledge, 1995; HutcheonL. Irony, Nostalgia and the Postmodern//     MLA conference. San Francisco, December 1997.].               ;        .    ,       ,        .

I                 ,  maladie du pays[11 - .  , . homesickness, .. .]  mal du si?cle[12 - . , . the malady of the century, ,  .. .].               ,         .

      ,          .     :  .    ??????       .    ?????,   ,       ,   .      ,     .              .     ,     .

          ;            .      ,              ;   ,   .            ,        .          ,   -    ,   ,     ,  ,     .

II     .       ,   [13 - . bricolage   ,       ,   ,  ,  ..      XX        , ,    . .  . -, .  . .. .],                .             ;       .       ,    , - ,             ,     ,           Love Parade.       ,    ,   [14 -            .   ,     1930? ,    .... .],      ;     ,      ,      ;    ,        ,   --   .         Europa,       ,     .       ,  Europ,     :                 .    ,        . ʠ2000     ,      ,    ,   ,           .

III    ,       .         ,     ,  ,   .     - :  ,    [15 -          ,      ,      .    .  . ,           ,      ,      -,          .. .]       -,     ,            .      ,      ,         ,            .

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      ,       .     ,    ,  .         [16 -   (Johannes Hofer, 16691752)    ,     . , ,        ,       .          ,     ,   ,      .        .    ,        .  ,     ,     .   XX   , ,   . ,  ,      .. .]       1688.   ,         ,       [17 - HoferJ. Dissertatio Medica de nostalgia. Basel, 1688.        .: Bulletin of the History & Medicine. 1934. 2.  ,            , ࠫ  ()   maladie du pays.            .    .: StarobinskiJ. The Idea of Nostalgia// Diogenes. 1966. 54. .81103; ErnstF. Vom Heimweh. Zurich: Fretz & Wasmuth, 1949; RosenG. Nostalgia: A Forgotten Psychological Disorder// Clio Medica. 1975. 10, 1. .2851.         .: PhillipsJ. Distance, Absence and Nostalgia// D. Ihde and H.J.Silverman, eds. Descriptions. Albany: SUNY Press, 1985; Nostalgia: ADescriptive and Comparative Study, Journal of Genetic Psychology. 1943. 62. .97104; PetersR. Reflections on the Origin and Aim of Nostalgia// Journal of Analytic Psychology. 1985. 30. .135148.     ,        ,       ,        . .: DavisF. Yearning for Yesterday: A Sociology of Nostalgia. New York: The Free Press, 1979.]. (  ,         ; ,      .)    ,    ,      .          XVII,     ,  ,   ,    ,   ,   .

  ,     ,       .         .        蠫  ,    ,    .            .    [18 -    (Albrecht von Haller, 17081777)  , , ,   .         .              .       .        .  ,   .       ,    .. .] :             ,   ,    ,     ,          [19 - Dr. HallerA. von. Nostalgia,  : Supplement to the Encyclopedic. . : Starobinski. The Idea of Nostalgia. .93.].   ,               ,      ,     ,   .         ,   ,    ,     .

,   ,   .       :            ,          [20 - Hofer. Dissertatio Medica. .381.   .].      ,  ,  ,    ,   ,  ,  ,      [21 - ,       XVIII     XIX     ,   ,      ,      ,      .].

   ,             .        ,         .   ,      , , , ,      ,  ,   ,   .       .   ,    ,                  . ,    ,          ,       ,   .   ,   ,   ,    ,    ,   , , ,      ,      ,    . -        ,  ,               .         ,    [22 - RousseauJ.-J. Dictionary of Music/ W. Waring and J. French, transl. London, 1779. .267.].  ,       ,        ,     ,    ,      .

       ,  ,    . ,  ,   ,       .     ,         , ,  ,     .    , ,   ,     ;        ,         ,  .

        . ,     [23 -   (???????, Galenus, 129/131200/217)    , ,   ,       ,    ,           .         .   ,       .   ,     .      .. .],    ,          ,  ,   ,    ,    ,     , , ,    .    ,       ,   .     ,      [24 - BurtonR. The Anatomy of Melancholy: What it is, with all the kinds, causes, symptomes, prognostickes & severall cures of it, Lawrence Babb, ed. 1651; reprint, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1965. ,   ,      ,        .    Democritus Junior ( ),    -       ,    ,       .  ,     .     ,       ,  ,      (   ,    :    ).      ,    ,     ,       ,    ,       .].      ,  ,   ,  ,       .         ,  ,    ;    ,   ,       .    ,      ,     ,    ,     ,     ,     .      ,   ,          .

 ,   ,       ,     .   ,     ,     ,       ,     ,   .        ,       .        ,      1789,  ,    ,    .           ,    .  1733     ,    ,    ,             .  ,  ,  ,   .      ,        .  ,  ,      ,         [25 - Starobinski. The Idea of Nostalgia. .96.        (1790).]. ( ,          .)        ,     .    ,             , ,        ,   .

     (  )     ,  XVII,     ,               [26 - Calhoun Th. Nostalgia as a Disease of Field Service// aper read before the Medical Society, 10 February 1864. Medical and Surgical Reporter. 1864. .130.].     ,           ,             ,         .  ,        (  , ,     ).   XIX  ,             ,  ,   .  ,        ,    .  -, , ,    ,     []           ,    ;      ,       - ,  ,      [27 - Calhoun Th. Nostalgia as a Disease of Field Service. P.132.].              ,          ,         (    ,          ).

          ,        .           ,  ,     , ,   -           .       ,       ,           ,   ,  [28 - Ibid. P.131.].        ,     -  ,      , ,    .

             .      ,         - ,   .     .   XVIII  ,       .          .             ,            ,  XVIII XIX            .            .   ,     ,     .   ,    XX      . ( ,             .)          .   ,   , , maladie du pays,    , mal du si?cle.

  ,          ,      .    ,       ,    .  XVII         ,       ,       .     ,    ,        .     ,       ,   [29 -   (Jean Starobinski, . 1920)    ,   ,   ,  -.     .        ,   ,   1950?    .. .],      ,    [30 - Starobinski. The Idea of Nostalgia. .81.       ,    ,     ,   ,  ,     ,       .  ,  ,            .].      ,           ,             .     ,           .  ,  ,           ,    .

            .  ??????,     ;    ,    .    [31 -   (Gregory Nagy,  , Nagy Gergely, . 1942)      .       ,        .. .],  ??????     nes,      .

  , ⠫,  ,     ??????;   ,  ,    ,  ,   ,     .  ,   ,   ?????? ()           .      ,    .   ,    ,       ,     ,      [32 - NagyG. Greek Mythology and Poetics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990. .219.].

,     , ,       ,          .              ;      .

  ,       .    ,    .      ,    .           ,      .          ,   .      .    ,  ,      ,     .            .       ,  ,        .

                 ,          .  ,      ,       , ,              ,  ,               , .  ,              ,      .   ,           .   ,    .        . ,        ,           . ,              ;     ,   , .

        ,        ;  ,     ,   , ,    ,   ,        .     .   ,     ,       .

     XVII        ,         .      ,           .           ,  ,       ,       [33 - KoselleckR. Futures Past, Keith Tribe, transl. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985. .241.].     -                [34 - FabianJ. Time and Other. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983. .2.]. ,     ,       ,        ,         .

    XIII   ?     . ,    ,         ;          .  ,      ,           [35 - CalinescuM. Five Faces of Modernity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1987. .19.].             ,       .    ,       .      (    : historia magistra vitae est[36 - .   ,   -     ,  55  ... .]        .      :       ,            [37 - . : Koselleck. Futures Past. .15.            .    ,  ,      :      .. .].

         .    ,      .         ,  ,      .  ,       ,  ,        ,    : , ,   [38 - Ibid. P.18.].     ,  ,       XIX. ѠXVII  XIX      ;         ,  ,   ,    ,  ,    :  ,     .         ;   [39 - Time is money          1748,       XVIII   .. .].                    .

 ,       ,      [40 -      - .  :    ,    (    )   <> []  ,         . ,             ,    ,        ,  .            - .. .].              ,  [41 -   (Reinhart Koselleck, 19232006),  ,   .. .]   :     ;      .        .       ,        .       .   ,  ;    -,  -,  ,      [42 - Ibid. P.272.].                    ,       .     ,            ,     .      ,           [43 - Koselleck. Futures Past. P.279.        .: Progress: Fact or Illusion? Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlich, eds. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.].       ,       ,      .         ,          .   :            ,          [44 - Ibid. P.279.].                      .                .          :    ,    .

 ,           ,       .       [45 -       ,         ,          , , ,         .. .].         ,    .    XVIII     ,   ,      ,     .              ,          .     ;        .

         :        ,   ,   [46 -         ,  ,      .. .].                    [47 - LeachE. Anthropological Aspects of Language// Eric Lenenberg, ed. New Directions in the Study of Language. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964. . : BaumanZ. Glohalization. The Human Consequences. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. .2729.].  [48 -   (Zygmunt Bauman, 19252017)  ,   ,       .        XX     .    Modernity and the Holocaust, Liquid Modernity, Liquid Times Living in an Age of Uncertainty .     .. .] ,    ,   ,        ,     ,       ,    /  ,          ,       ,    ,        ,         [49 - Ibid. P.27.].

                  .            ,   ,      .     ,           ,  .  ,          ,                .           ⠫ ,         ,  .                 ;  ,       ;  ,  ,     ,    ,        .  ,        ,       ,       蠫.     ,             .

 XIX    ,          . ,     ,        [50 -                  .. .].          ,    ; XVIII           .             .      , ,       .            ,     .       ,   ,      ,  ,      . ,     ,  ,   ,    ,          [51 -              - .        -            ,    .           ,    .  ,  -                .    XVIII        軠 , ,     .           ,          2000? .. .].

   ,      ,      .         .             .      ,        .       .   ø[52 -   ø (Johann Gottfried Herder, 17441803)  , , ,        .              .. .]  1773,        ,     ,   .    ,     ,    .      ,    ,   ,     .       ,            ,   [53 - HerderJ.G. von. Correspondence on Ossian// Burton Feldman and Robert D. Richardson, comps. The Rise of Modern Mythology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975. .229230.].

  ,         ,     .   ,      .    .   -     [54 - ! ! ! ! !  !  !   ø.                 .      ,     ,    .].     ,    ,        .   ,    ø,      . ,     ,     ,  ,        -       ,    .      heimweh,  maladie du pays,  mal de corazn    ,        .     litost,    , ,    .    [55 -   (Milan Kundera, . 1929)     , ,  .          . Ѡ1975   ,     .      ,   ,  .      .. .], litost   ,   ,  ,     ,     ,     [56 - KunderaM. The Book of Laughter and Forgetting. New York: King Penguin, 1980. .121.].      ,     ,      ,      .    ,     ,         tesknota.      (         ), tesknota       ,    ,  ,     .  [57 -   (Eva Hoffman, . 1945)    .   Lost in Translation: Life in a New Language, After Such Knowledge: Memory, History and the Legacy of the Holocaust, How to Be Bored .      XX, , .     ⠫-  1979  1990.. .]   tesknota   ,    ,   [58 - HoffmanE. Lost in Translation: A Lije in a New Language. New York; London: Penguin, 1989. .115.].        saudade,  ,   ,   ,    ,      .  ,   dor,   ,  ,          [59 -      ,           dor.].          ,   ,          ;           .         ,         [60 -  ,     ,   ,        ,      .]. ,   , ,     .

,  ,    ,     .  -                .          , -       ,    ,     .           ;       ,     .       ,   ,         ,         .      ;   ,  .

      .       -    .     -    ;   ,   ,    :     ,     ,           . (      ,   :    -         .)      ,       ,   ,  ,   .

         ,  XIX .          ,                 .     ,      ,    ,           [61 - ,   ,    <>  ,     .           .: ShellS.M. The Embodiment of Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. .264305. . : CassirerE. Kants Life and Thought. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981; StauthG., SturnerB. Moral Sociology of Nostalgia// Georg Stauth and Bryan S.Turner, eds. Nietzsches Dance. Oxford; New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988.]. Ӡ       .    ,      ,   ,    .     ,            .

Ӡ  , , ,    [62 - . : LukacsG. The Theory of the Novel, Anna Bostock, transl. 1916; reprint, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968. .29.].

   -,        .     .           ,     ,     ,          .            .

		    
		   .
		 , ,   
		,  , .
		   ,    ,
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		  [63 - HeineH. Selected Works. Helen Mustard, transl. and ed. Poetry translated by Max Knight. New York: Vintage, 1973. .423.   ⠫Heines Lyrisches Intermezzo (18221823).       Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam.      ...           .., .., ..    .   :Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsamIm Norden auf kahler H?h;Ihn schl?fert; mit wei?er DeckeUmh?llen ihn Eis und Schnee.Er tr?umt von einer Palme,Die, fern im Morgenland,Einsam und schweigend trauertAuf brennender Felsenwand. . .].

             .         .          ,   .     ,                 ,      .

     ;       Weltanschauung[64 - . , .. .],   Realpolitik[65 - .     ,           ,       .          .      ,      .        .          ,      .. .].   ,      ,     .         ,    .   ,  ,      .

   ? ,     ,     ,      ,   ,  , .     (     XIX)      ,        .             .       ,    .

                 ; , ,       ,   [66 - RenanE. What Is a Nation?// Omar Dahboure and Micheline R. Ishay, eds. The Nationalism Reader. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1995. .145.   (Joseph Ernest Renan, 18231892)  , , , .    ,     .        :  ,   ,  ,  .. .].           [67 -    ,       .  ( . ??????? )   XII XIII   ,    , .   ,       ,      .. .]   XIII . ??????       ,     ,   .       :        ,     ,     . ,    ,      .         ,     ,   .

  XIX           .      .   .  XIX           [68 - RieglA. The Modern Cult of Monuments: Its Character and Its Origins// K.Forster and D. Ghirardo, transl. Oppositions, 25 (Fall 1982). .2150.].                  ,    ,              .           XIX .   XIX      ,               ,     : ,  , ,      .     ,       ,  ,     .

  XIX         .  ,  ø   ,       .  locus ,   ,       .         .            ,   -.                     ,   .    XIX        ,         ,     ,  ,    .       ,   ,  ,      ,   ..       ,     .

            .         XIX,             ,  ,  ,  .     ,    ,                memento mori.         ,   ;     ,     ,        .                     .   XIX   ,        ;    ,    ,   [69 -     .: OlalquiagaC. The Artificial Kingdom: A Treasury of the Kitsch Experience. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998.                .]. ,     ,  , , , , ,        .    ,   XIX,     ,   , ࠫ ,       ,   .      ,    XIX.

      XIX      ,     ,     . -,          ,         [70 - ,        .           ,    ,    ,   -      ໠  .     XIX         ,      ,   .. .].     .      ,   ,      -,  .    ,       ,   [71 -           .. .].

             , ,    .                 .    [72 -   (Pierre Nora, . 1931)   ,   .    .          -  .. .],  ,  lieux de mmoire,     ,   , milieux de memoire, [73 - NoraP.Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Memoire// Representations. 1989. 26.].         .  ,           ,         ,        .         :   ,        ,          .

    .  ,         ,      ;     ,  ,     .  ,      ,  ,    ,    ,       ,     . ,          . ,       , ,         .       ;       ,       XIX[74 - ChaadaevP.Philosophical Letters and Apology of a Madman, Mary Barbara Zeldin, transl. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1969. .37;   :   . .:, 1989.].              ,    ,      ,     .             ,          (    ).    XIX    Natures Nation[75 - .   Natures Nation    ,   1967.. .], ,         , ,              ,       [76 - . : KammenM. Mystic Chords of Memory. New York: Vintage, 1991. .42.].  ,   ,    ,      ,       ,    .                  .      ,   ,    . ,    ,       ?       .           ()             .               ,    .   ,     ,        .             .    XIX        ,               .      ,      ,        .     XIX,      ,        ,       ,      . -         .        .   ,         -   -,                   . ,        . [77 - .  . , ,  (  ,   ),      (   ..      )  .. .].




 2

 :   


   ?   ,   ,   ?         ,   , ,  ,     ?[78 - NietzscheF. The Utility and Liability of History// Richard Gray, transl. Unfashionable Observations. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995. .106.].   ,    . ,      ,       .

      .    ,    ,       . Traduttore, traditore, , .        ,    . ,           .            ,     [79 - WilliamsR. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. .318.].  [80 -   (Bruno Latour, . 1947)  ,  , ,   -   ,    -  (ANT).      .       .. .] ,        軠 ,     :                      [81 - LatourB. We Have Never Been Modern/ Catherine Porter, transl. Cambridge; London: Harvard University Press, 1993. .76.].  ,                 ,        XX      .

  (modernity)    ,   ;            (The Painter of Modern Life, 18591860)[82 - Baudelaire Ch. The Painter of Modern Life// Louis B. Hylsop and Frances E. Hylsop, eds. Baudelaire as a Literary Critic. University Park: Pennsylvania State University, 1964. .40.   .: Baudelaire Ch. Cuvres Completes. Paris: Gallimard Bibliotheque de la Pleiade, 1961. .1163.     ,      .            (present times) (1627).   modernite     ,         1867.    ,    , .: TerdimanR. Present Past: Modernity and the Memory Crisis. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993; MatsudaM. Memory of the Modern. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.].          :      , ,   ,      ,       .     ,   ,   , ,     .             .      :

		La rue assourdissante autour de moi hurlait.
		Longue, mince, en grand deuil, douleur majestueuse,
		Une femme passa, dune main fastueuse
		Soulevant, balan?ant le feston et lourlet;
		Agile et noble, avec sa jambe de statue.
		Moi, je buvais, crisp comme un extravagant,
		Dans son Cil, ciel livide o? germe louragan,
		La douceur qui fascine et le plaisir qui tue.
		Un clair puis la nuit! Fugitive beaut
		Dont le regard ma fait soudainement rena?tre,
		Ne te verrai-je plus que dans lternit?
		Ailleurs, bien loin dici! trop tard! jamais peut-?tre!
		Car jignore o? tu fuis, tu ne sais o? je vais,
		? toi que jeusse aime, ? toi qui le savais!

		 ,   .
		  ,  ,
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		,  , ,   ![83 - Baudelaire Ch. Fleurs du Mai/ Richard Howard, transl. Boston: David Godine, 1982. .97 (English), 275 (French).       ,   ,  .    (? une Passante)     (Les fleurs du mal),   1857,   .. .]

       , ,     .   - bonheur       ,        ,     -   .      ,   .          ,         ,    ;      ,         .              ,    .     ,      .     

    XX  - [84 - -  (Jacques Henri Lartigue, 18941966)    .       :  , ,  .     ,   .. .],       .        ;          ,     ,      ,        .    ,  ,    ,     ,     .         .     ,    , ,    ,    :  .        [85 -        .   ,                   XX     .      и,      ?  .. .].                   .  ,       ,      .

    modernit;    ,       .   , ,   ,               .    ,  .         .   ,    ;           ,   ,   ,   .    ,    ,       .    ;   ,     ,     ,              .         . ,    , , ,    ,          .       ,    ,  ,   .        [86 -      .  ,           .     ,              .].

      ,   ,    .              ,           (    ); ,  ,        . ,       .   ,       .      ,       ,    .       ,      .

        (       ,     . ,      (. Sinnlichkeit)      (     ).          .     XVIII. ,        ,      [87 - .    ...       ,             .. .])    modernity,   modern    .     modo (,  ),       ;      蠫,       .           ,     .       XVII        [88 -      .: CalinescuM. Five Faces of Modernity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1987. .1395.Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes     XVII          .. .].       ,         .  XVIII   to modernize, ,     [89 - Williams. Keywords. .208.].          [90 -     (Szegedi Lukcs Gy?rgy Bernt, 18851971,     ˸,        )  -,       .. .]   .  , ,   .

               ,        .             .    , ,       ;            .    XIX XX       , ,              .    ,  ,   ,  , -  ,          .

          :     ,       ,        .       ,      ,     .    [91 -              represent the present.. .]      ,       ,         .            ,       ,    .

       ;            .      ,    ,       [92 - ,         ,      .     .   ,    .. .]. ,    ,      , ,       .   , ,         .         , , ,        ,          , ,   ,   .          ,     .      ,        .

,                 .       ,     (Babyloniacus fornicaria,       ,    )    :  -  , - , -   ,  .  ,        ,   ,   ,       ,        녻[93 - DostoevskyF. Winter Notes on Summer Impressions/ David Patterson, transl. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1988. .37.]       ,    ;        ,           . ,   modernity -       ,       .  ,        ,                .

   modern     ,    .       ,      ,       . ,    ,   ,           [94 - BermanM. All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity. New York: Penguin, 1988. .30.].

         XIX ,      .            , ,     ,       .  Ҹ[95 -  Ҹ (Ferdinand T?nnies, 18551936)  , ,       - .  ,    ,      ,      .      ,  1931.. .] :  Gemeinschaft ()       ,         .  Gesellschaft ()   ,       [96 - TonniesF. Community and Association. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1955. .38.].  ,      ,        ,      .          ,     ,           [97 - Max Weber: Essays in Sociology/ H.H.Gerth and C. Wright Mills, transl. and eds. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1961. .155.      .: CascardiA. The Subject of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.].                ,   ꠫  ,       .                 ,    .

  [98 -   (Georg Simmel, 18581917)  , ,      .   ,    ,       .       ,      .. .]               .          .             ,      蠫  .          ,  ,  ,              [99 - SimmelG. On Sociability, and Eros, Platonic and Modern// Donald Levine, ed. On Individuality and Social Forms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971. .137, 247.].             .      ,         .

   :   Ҹ,     ,    ,           .           ,    .    (1916)    :  ,          ,    , ,    .          ,      .    ,      ,  ,   ,   ,   [100 - LukacsG. The Theory of the Novel/ Anna Bostock, transl. 1916; reprint. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968. .29.      .     ( -    ),       1994.. .].       ,   ,       ,  ꠫  ,  , ,   .      ,     . ,    ,     ,           .      ,       ,      XX,       ,     .

          .               .        ,      .           ,     .     ,         ,    :

    ,      ,      ,   ,    ;      ,      ,        <>  ,     ,  ,  ,      ,    ,  ,       [101 - NietzscheF. The Will to Power/ Walter Kaufmann and R.J.Holingdale, transl. New York: Vintage, 1967. .550.   ..     .   .. .].

  ,    ,    ; ,    ,      .  ,      :   ,    .             ,         [102 -         : DeleuzeG. Nietzsche and Philosophy/ Hugh Tomlinson, transl. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983; NehamasA. Nietzsche: Life as Literature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.].        ,   -,   -   , ,   ,     ,     - .

       ,    ,               .            .     .            ,    ,      :    .       !         !   ,    ,   ,    :  !   [103 - . 2- . .2. .:, 1990/ . ..  . .... .].  ,       . ,         .            !   . ,   -    .     ,          ,  XIX.   㻠    ,      .

       ,         ,            .                -      .            ,            ,    :

  ,    :   ,   ,   ,  ,  , ,  ,  ,           ,                  ,  .      ,       ,   ,              ,  ,   : ,    ,  ,     ,      ,  .  , ,  :         ,     ?      :   ,      ,   ,          ,    [104 -       (homesickness for the wild)   : NietzscheF. On the Geneology of Morals/ Walter Kaufmann, transl. and ed. New York: Vintage, 1967. .85. Quote from Nietzsche. The Utility and Liability of History. .87. . .  : . 2- . .1. .:, 1990.. .].

    ,  , , ,     .         .     ,    .          .    ,    .    -   ,   ,       . ,   ,     ,      ,       .

    ,    ,   [105 - BenjaminW. Paris, the Capital of the Nineteenth Century/ transl. by Quintin Hoare in Charles Bauldelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. London; New York: Verso. .171.].             .   ,          .          .  ,      ,        ,        .            ,    , ,       , ࠫ  ,        .

          1926/27.                ,      [106 -    (Anna Lace (Asja Lacis), 18911979)    ,  .     1938  1948   .    ,    ,      .. .]      .        .             ,     .                  .    -,          ,         ,    :     -   ,   ,                ,    ,     . -        ,   ,   ,      ,     ,     .          ,         XX.    ,     1920?          ,      -.

  ,      ,     .   ,          ,   .     ,     . , ,         .  , ,        ,     ,            .             .      ,      ,         : ,  -    ,       .       ,   ,     ,      [107 - BenjaminW. Berlin Chronicle// Reflections. New York: Schocken Books, 1986. .6.].       ,         .     ,           .        .      ;        ,        .

   ,  -.    ,      .         ,       ,   .    ,      .           ,    ,              , ,  ,         .     ,            ,    ,        .     ,         ,   ,   ,          ,          .   ,      ,     1939,     ,     .          ,      ,     .   ,       [108 - BenjaminW. Briefe. Vol.2. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1966. .820. . : ArendtH. Walter Benjamin, 18921940// Illuminations. New York: Schocken Books, 1978. P.159.].

  ,       .  XX,      ,        .           ,          .            .

Ӡ     Angelus Novus.    ,  ,      -,    .    ,  ,   .     .     . ,       ,     ,            .    ,      .   ,   ,      ,       .      ,     ,           . ,    ,    [109 - Benjamin. Theses on the Philosophy of History. .257258.    .: TiedemannR. Dialectics at a Standstill/ Gary Smith and Andre Lefevre, transl.// Walter Benjamin. The Arcades Project. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. .931945.].

  -       ,       ,    :     ,   .     ,      ,    ;       ,      ,       ,   . ,   ,    ,     .      , ,   ,  ,      .            ,        -              .   ,    ;    ,   ̸,    ,   ,      .

          ,    XX      .     ,    [110 -   (Clement Greenberg, 19091994)   ,  .      ,    .      -   XX.        ,   .. .],       ,   [111 -   (Peter B?rger, 19362017)  ,       .   ,       .. .],       ,  ,   ,    .        XIX XX,       ,    .          ,     (  ظ,  );      ,    ;         ,     ,     [112 -               .  ,      1920,     , ,              ,      .].

 XX      - 蠫-   -.      [113 -           ,       .       ,            ,      . .: FosterH. The Return of the Real. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996.  ,         ,       ,    .  ,             . ,                 ,        ,  - ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   ,        .].      -,      ,      ;       .          .    [114 -   (Hal Foster, . 1955)  -   .   19801990? ,     ,           XX . .: The anti-aesthetic: essays on postmodern culture (1983), The Return of the Real: The Avant-Garde at the End of the Century (1996), Art Since 1900: Modernism, Anti-Modernism, Postmodernism (2005)  .. .],   ,    ;    ,    demode[115 - Foster. Return of the Real. .206.      demode      outmoded    ,   . ,               ,          -.. .].

       ,         ,     ,       ,        .    ,  ,     ,       ,          ,    .          : ,    , ,   ,  -,   , ,     [116 - Latour. We Have Never Been Modern. .47.].

    -     .    ,    ,   :   (aside) 蠫  (offstage),     - (extending and branching out from),     (  ) (somewhat crazy and eccentric (off-kilter)),        (absent or away from work or duty),  (off-key),  (offbeat),   (off-color)[117 - ,          . ,     off-color joke    ,        .              .. .],  堫   (offcast).            ,      ,         .  -      ,  ,     ,                  ,  --  .      ,  [118 -        1910?             蠫. .:  ,     , 1917;  :  ,   , .   , , ,    . <>  ,    ,  ,  ,    ,  ,   .      ,  ,    ;          ,     ,           ;      ,      .. .],               .         ,     ,    ,     ,         :        ,     ,   .  ,             ,     ,    .         ;     .  -   ,     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,        ,       ,     ,    ,     .   -      ,      . -      ,    .            -  -  .    XX    ,     ,   XX                   .

  ,      ,   .        [119 -      ,  -,        .. .] ,    ,      [120 - Benjamin. Theses on the Philosophy of History. .256.].   ,    ,   ,     . ,     ,           ,     -  1940,       .    -     ,      (     ).

   ?       ,     1995.    .        . , ,           ,    .   ,       ,      ,  -         .        :  ,  . (      .)  ,  ,  ,          (,     ),   ,       .      - [121 - .      1968   -: The New Yorker. 1968. October 19. P.65.. .],     ,    ?       ,      ,        ,  .            ,    .   [122 -   (Dani Karavan, . 1930)  ,   .       .          XX   ,   .           -,       .. .]   [123 -     ,   .     19901994    , ,       .        ,      ,   .. .],    ( ,   XIX,          ).   -              ,          .      ,  , ,       ,        .    .

   .    .      ,  ,   ,     .     ,      ,     ,    ,  .     .




 3

:    


   ,   ,       .          ,          [124 -    ,      ,        .]. -   ;    ,             .  ,  ,    ,     ,       ;       ,             .      -  -   .       -       ,          .        ,             .

      ,      .       ;         .       ,      . (             .)       ;          ,   ,    .     .    ,    .          .      ,        -  . -    ,     .        .           ,      XIX  (, ,    )    ,       .

        ,          .      , ,  ,  .              ,       -         ,       1950? .        ,  ,       .      ,      -,    . ,        ,    ,                ,          .

        .       ,   . Qu lindo      .        ,     .  -                .             .      XIX,    , memento mori[125 - .   ,   .. .], ,            .   XIX      -    ,   ,            .

          .         . -,         ,    ,    .      ,  - ,      .   ໠             ,        .       ,   , , ,  ,       ,      .               ,       (       );   ,    ,    .        ;   ,        . ,    ,          .       . ,             ,     .     ,               .            ,         .           ,    (       ),     .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/svetlana-boym-19857950/buduschee-nostalgii/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  // . 1993. .




2


            NBC 1980? .. .




3


Maier Ch. The End of Longing? Notes Towards a History of Postwar German National Longing// aper presented at the Berkeley Center for German and European Studies. 1998. December. Berkeley, CA.




4


KammenM. Mystic Chords of Memory. New York: Vintage, 1991. .688.   (Michael Gedaliah Kammen, 19362013)  , , ,   .        .. .




5


     .. .




6


El sue?o de la razn produce monstruos        ,            .. .




7


.  껠  ,       XVI   XVII    .. .




8


,       XX. . .




9


  (Susan Stewart, . 1952)  ,    , ,     ,    .      ,         ,   -.. .




10


StewartS.On Longing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. . : YankelevitchV. LIrreversible et la nostalgie. Paris: Flammarion, 1974; LowenthalD. The Past Is a Foreign Country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985; RothM. Returning to Nostalgia// Suzanne Nash, ed. Home and Its Dislocation in Nineteenth-Century France. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993. P.2545; SteinerG. Nostalgia for the Absolute. Toronto: CBC, 1974.        .: HuyssenA. Twilight Memories: Marking Time in a Culture of Amnesia. New York; London: Routledge, 1995; HutcheonL. Irony, Nostalgia and the Postmodern//     MLA conference. San Francisco, December 1997.




11


.  , . homesickness, .. .




12


. , . the malady of the century, ,  .. .




13


. bricolage   ,       ,   ,  ,  ..      XX        , ,    . .  . -, .  . .. .




14


           .   ,     1930? ,    .... .




15


         ,      ,      .    .  . ,           ,      ,      -,          .. .




16


  (Johannes Hofer, 16691752)    ,     . , ,        ,       .          ,     ,   ,      .        .    ,        .  ,     ,     .   XX   , ,   . ,  ,      .. .




17


HoferJ. Dissertatio Medica de nostalgia. Basel, 1688.        .: Bulletin of the History & Medicine. 1934. 2.  ,            , ࠫ  ()   maladie du pays.            .    .: StarobinskiJ. The Idea of Nostalgia// Diogenes. 1966. 54. .81103; ErnstF. Vom Heimweh. Zurich: Fretz & Wasmuth, 1949; RosenG. Nostalgia: A Forgotten Psychological Disorder// Clio Medica. 1975. 10, 1. .2851.         .: PhillipsJ. Distance, Absence and Nostalgia// D. Ihde and H.J.Silverman, eds. Descriptions. Albany: SUNY Press, 1985; Nostalgia: ADescriptive and Comparative Study, Journal of Genetic Psychology. 1943. 62. .97104; PetersR. Reflections on the Origin and Aim of Nostalgia// Journal of Analytic Psychology. 1985. 30. .135148.     ,        ,       ,        . .: DavisF. Yearning for Yesterday: A Sociology of Nostalgia. New York: The Free Press, 1979.




18


   (Albrecht von Haller, 17081777)  , , ,   .         .              .       .        .  ,   .       ,    .. .




19


Dr. HallerA. von. Nostalgia,  : Supplement to the Encyclopedic. . : Starobinski. The Idea of Nostalgia. .93.




20


Hofer. Dissertatio Medica. .381.   .




21


,       XVIII     XIX     ,   ,      ,      ,      .




22


RousseauJ.-J. Dictionary of Music/ W. Waring and J. French, transl. London, 1779. .267.




23


  (???????, Galenus, 129/131200/217)    , ,   ,       ,    ,           .         .   ,       .   ,     .      .. .




24


BurtonR. The Anatomy of Melancholy: What it is, with all the kinds, causes, symptomes, prognostickes & severall cures of it, Lawrence Babb, ed. 1651; reprint, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1965. ,   ,      ,        .    Democritus Junior ( ),    -       ,    ,       .  ,     .     ,       ,  ,      (   ,    :    ).      ,    ,     ,       ,    ,       .




25


Starobinski. The Idea of Nostalgia. .96.        (1790).




26


Calhoun Th. Nostalgia as a Disease of Field Service// aper read before the Medical Society, 10 February 1864. Medical and Surgical Reporter. 1864. .130.




27


Calhoun Th. Nostalgia as a Disease of Field Service. P.132.




28


Ibid. P.131.




29


  (Jean Starobinski, . 1920)    ,   ,   ,  -.     .        ,   ,   1950?    .. .




30


Starobinski. The Idea of Nostalgia. .81.       ,    ,     ,   ,  ,     ,       .  ,  ,            .




31


  (Gregory Nagy,  , Nagy Gergely, . 1942)      .       ,        .. .




32


NagyG. Greek Mythology and Poetics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990. .219.




33


KoselleckR. Futures Past, Keith Tribe, transl. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985. .241.




34


FabianJ. Time and Other. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983. .2.




35


CalinescuM. Five Faces of Modernity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1987. .19.




36


.   ,   -     ,  55  ... .




37


. : Koselleck. Futures Past. .15.            .    ,  ,      :      .. .




38


Ibid. P.18.




39


Time is money          1748,       XVIII   .. .




40


     - .  :    ,    (    )   <> []  ,         . ,             ,    ,        ,  .            - .. .




41


  (Reinhart Koselleck, 19232006),  ,   .. .




42


Ibid. P.272.




43


Koselleck. Futures Past. P.279.        .: Progress: Fact or Illusion? Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlich, eds. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.




44


Ibid. P.279.




45


      ,         ,          , , ,         .. .




46


        ,  ,      .. .




47


LeachE. Anthropological Aspects of Language// Eric Lenenberg, ed. New Directions in the Study of Language. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964. . : BaumanZ. Glohalization. The Human Consequences. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. .2729.




48


  (Zygmunt Bauman, 19252017)  ,   ,       .        XX     .    Modernity and the Holocaust, Liquid Modernity, Liquid Times Living in an Age of Uncertainty .     .. .




49


Ibid. P.27.




50


                 .. .




51


             - .        -            ,    .           ,    .  ,  -                .    XVIII        軠 , ,     .           ,          2000? .. .




52


  ø (Johann Gottfried Herder, 17441803)  , , ,        .              .. .




53


HerderJ.G. von. Correspondence on Ossian// Burton Feldman and Robert D. Richardson, comps. The Rise of Modern Mythology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975. .229230.




54


! ! ! ! !  !  !   ø.                 .      ,     ,    .




55


  (Milan Kundera, . 1929)     , ,  .          . Ѡ1975   ,     .      ,   ,  .      .. .




56


KunderaM. The Book of Laughter and Forgetting. New York: King Penguin, 1980. .121.




57


  (Eva Hoffman, . 1945)    .   Lost in Translation: Life in a New Language, After Such Knowledge: Memory, History and the Legacy of the Holocaust, How to Be Bored .      XX, , .     ⠫-  1979  1990.. .




58


HoffmanE. Lost in Translation: A Lije in a New Language. New York; London: Penguin, 1989. .115.




59


     ,           dor.




60


 ,     ,   ,        ,      .




61


,   ,    <>  ,     .           .: ShellS.M. The Embodiment of Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. .264305. . : CassirerE. Kants Life and Thought. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981; StauthG., SturnerB. Moral Sociology of Nostalgia// Georg Stauth and Bryan S.Turner, eds. Nietzsches Dance. Oxford; New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988.




62


. : LukacsG. The Theory of the Novel, Anna Bostock, transl. 1916; reprint, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968. .29.




63


HeineH. Selected Works. Helen Mustard, transl. and ed. Poetry translated by Max Knight. New York: Vintage, 1973. .423.   ⠫Heines Lyrisches Intermezzo (18221823).

       Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam.      ...           .., .., ..    .   :

		Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam
		Im Norden auf kahler H?h;
		Ihn schl?fert; mit wei?er Decke
		Umh?llen ihn Eis und Schnee.
		Er tr?umt von einer Palme,
		Die, fern im Morgenland,
		Einsam und schweigend trauert
		Auf brennender Felsenwand. . .




64


. , .. .




65


.     ,           ,       .          .      ,      .        .          ,      .. .




66


RenanE. What Is a Nation?// Omar Dahboure and Micheline R. Ishay, eds. The Nationalism Reader. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1995. .145.

   (Joseph Ernest Renan, 18231892)  , , , .    ,     .        :  ,   ,  ,  .. .




67


   ,       .  ( . ??????? )   XII XIII   ,    , .   ,       ,      .. .




68


RieglA. The Modern Cult of Monuments: Its Character and Its Origins// K.Forster and D. Ghirardo, transl. Oppositions, 25 (Fall 1982). .2150.




69


    .: OlalquiagaC. The Artificial Kingdom: A Treasury of the Kitsch Experience. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998.                .




70


,        .           ,    ,    ,   -      ໠  .     XIX         ,      ,   .. .




71


          .. .




72


  (Pierre Nora, . 1931)   ,   .    .          -  .. .




73


NoraP.Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Memoire// Representations. 1989. 26.




74


ChaadaevP.Philosophical Letters and Apology of a Madman, Mary Barbara Zeldin, transl. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1969. .37;   :   . .:, 1989.




75


.   Natures Nation    ,   1967.. .




76


. : KammenM. Mystic Chords of Memory. New York: Vintage, 1991. .42.




77


.  . , ,  (  ,   ),      (   ..      )  .. .




78


NietzscheF. The Utility and Liability of History// Richard Gray, transl. Unfashionable Observations. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995. .106.




79


WilliamsR. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. .318.




80


  (Bruno Latour, . 1947)  ,  , ,   -   ,    -  (ANT).      .       .. .




81


LatourB. We Have Never Been Modern/ Catherine Porter, transl. Cambridge; London: Harvard University Press, 1993. .76.




82


Baudelaire Ch. The Painter of Modern Life// Louis B. Hylsop and Frances E. Hylsop, eds. Baudelaire as a Literary Critic. University Park: Pennsylvania State University, 1964. .40.   .: Baudelaire Ch. Cuvres Completes. Paris: Gallimard Bibliotheque de la Pleiade, 1961. .1163.     ,      .            (present times) (1627).   modernite     ,         1867.    ,    , .: TerdimanR. Present Past: Modernity and the Memory Crisis. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993; MatsudaM. Memory of the Modern. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.




83


Baudelaire Ch. Fleurs du Mai/ Richard Howard, transl. Boston: David Godine, 1982. .97 (English), 275 (French).       ,   ,  .

    (? une Passante)     (Les fleurs du mal),   1857,   .. .




84


-  (Jacques Henri Lartigue, 18941966)    .       :  , ,  .     ,   .. .




85


       .   ,                   XX     .      и,      ?  .. .




86


     .  ,           .     ,              .




87


.    ...       ,             .. .




88


     .: CalinescuM. Five Faces of Modernity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1987. .1395.

Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes     XVII          .. .




89


Williams. Keywords. .208.




90


    (Szegedi Lukcs Gy?rgy Bernt, 18851971,     ˸,        )  -,       .. .




91


             represent the present.. .




92


,         ,      .     .   ,    .. .




93


DostoevskyF. Winter Notes on Summer Impressions/ David Patterson, transl. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1988. .37.




94


BermanM. All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity. New York: Penguin, 1988. .30.




95


 Ҹ (Ferdinand T?nnies, 18551936)  , ,       - .  ,    ,      ,      .      ,  1931.. .




96


TonniesF. Community and Association. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1955. .38.




97


Max Weber: Essays in Sociology/ H.H.Gerth and C. Wright Mills, transl. and eds. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1961. .155.      .: CascardiA. The Subject of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.




98


  (Georg Simmel, 18581917)  , ,      .   ,    ,       .       ,      .. .




99


SimmelG. On Sociability, and Eros, Platonic and Modern// Donald Levine, ed. On Individuality and Social Forms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971. .137, 247.




100


LukacsG. The Theory of the Novel/ Anna Bostock, transl. 1916; reprint. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968. .29.      .     ( -    ),       1994.. .




101


NietzscheF. The Will to Power/ Walter Kaufmann and R.J.Holingdale, transl. New York: Vintage, 1967. .550.   ..     .   .. .




102


        : DeleuzeG. Nietzsche and Philosophy/ Hugh Tomlinson, transl. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983; NehamasA. Nietzsche: Life as Literature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.




103


. 2- . .2. .:, 1990/ . ..  . .... .




104


      (homesickness for the wild)   : NietzscheF. On the Geneology of Morals/ Walter Kaufmann, transl. and ed. New York: Vintage, 1967. .85. Quote from Nietzsche. The Utility and Liability of History. .87.

 . .  : . 2- . .1. .:, 1990.. .




105


BenjaminW. Paris, the Capital of the Nineteenth Century/ transl. by Quintin Hoare in Charles Bauldelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. London; New York: Verso. .171.




106


   (Anna Lace (Asja Lacis), 18911979)    ,  .     1938  1948   .    ,    ,      .. .




107


BenjaminW. Berlin Chronicle// Reflections. New York: Schocken Books, 1986. .6.




108


BenjaminW. Briefe. Vol.2. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1966. .820. . : ArendtH. Walter Benjamin, 18921940// Illuminations. New York: Schocken Books, 1978. P.159.




109


Benjamin. Theses on the Philosophy of History. .257258.    .: TiedemannR. Dialectics at a Standstill/ Gary Smith and Andre Lefevre, transl.// Walter Benjamin. The Arcades Project. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. .931945.




110


  (Clement Greenberg, 19091994)   ,  .      ,    .      -   XX.        ,   .. .




111


  (Peter B?rger, 19362017)  ,       .   ,       .. .




112


              .  ,      1920,     , ,              ,      .




113


          ,       .       ,            ,      . .: FosterH. The Return of the Real. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996.  ,         ,       ,    .  ,             . ,                 ,        ,  - ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   ,        .




114


  (Hal Foster, . 1955)  -   .   19801990? ,     ,           XX . .: The anti-aesthetic: essays on postmodern culture (1983), The Return of the Real: The Avant-Garde at the End of the Century (1996), Art Since 1900: Modernism, Anti-Modernism, Postmodernism (2005)  .. .




115


Foster. Return of the Real. .206.      demode      outmoded    ,   . ,               ,          -.. .




116


Latour. We Have Never Been Modern. .47.




117


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118


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119


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120


Benjamin. Theses on the Philosophy of History. .256.




121


.      1968   -: The New Yorker. 1968. October 19. P.65.. .




122


  (Dani Karavan, . 1930)  ,   .       .          XX   ,   .           -,       .. .




123


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124


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125


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