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                 . ,   ,                   , , , , ,       ,      .       .       80%    .     ,   .

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             (. . .),              .        ,     .       ,       .       ,         .      ,     ,  ...  9%,     ... 40%.

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      ,         ,    .   ,     ,        ,             .       ,    .     ,           .              .

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    ,    ,             . Ѡ         1%   1 2, 4,5% 6%, ,  2116 136.

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    ,    ,        . ,         ,     .       -  . , ,    ,             .       .      ,         .

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I

 





1.1.   


   XIX    ,   .  ,        ,      .       15 20       .

    ,  ,          (    )  ,          .     ,   ,     .

,   ,   .   .     ,      .      ,   .         .          .     ,     . Ӡ    ,       ,   .             ,        ,  .           ,   .      .      ,     .     ,         , ,  ,  , .

          .            ,   .

          .     . Ѡ         300[7 -  ,    .    1.  ,  ,   ,     ,       ( , 1 ? 0,1).       , .] 30/


,      .          .   ,        ,     , ,     .         ,    .     ,       ,   .     ,       ,    ,      . Ѡ , ,      ,      .   ,  ,       (  ),      ,     .  ,   ,  ,        ,     .

   , ,   ,   ,      ,  ,    ,        .




1.2.  


   .          .      (  -   ) 1839.  Chaillot , ,  1840.     17,   3,     .

 1844..   1-1-1 5    ,  3


   21.     1844.   ,     3,2  2732/.

 1841.  ,        , 35;       -   ,      . ,        .






 . 1844.   

, Parent-Desbarres, 1845. 

   810


  20. ,         .  ,     ;         ,     . ,    ;     ,     50    (. ).



  .  1839.      (8,093) ,    .        : 1844. 1854. (88).     (5,205) 1847.






  . 1847.   The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

 A ,   ,     ,     D,      C,           B.       ()         .       70140    4,2.  F    , G   .    ,     .      ,       .    .






     

.   The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

    ,  .     ,     .    , , ,    .    ⠫  28 1846., . 140,  ,    ,     ,      20100  (32? 160/)     ,        50 (80)   40- .       30 ( 50).






  .    

  .   The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

  ,    1845.    18391844.,             .   ,  ,    .           .         ,      .     ,     .    ,  ,     ,      . , ,   ,     .






   . 1846.   The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

     .      .    , -,       OCK.   E,   G.     K.



       ,              .  :       ,    [8 -    .],     ,      ,    . ,     A(   -),      D,  ,        70   ;       .    ?

,      ,   ;  ,   ,   -  .   ,      (  ),          .        ,   ,     .   ,       .

 1846          Parsey, 5Pall Mall East,      - .   .  ,     ,      ,       .   ,                 ,  ,    ,          .      Mechanics Magazine, . 44, . 200, . 14 1846., 1179.     AW,     -  ,     , , . ,     ,   , ,        ,    .  :   ,  1000  젖     .  ,       ;   ,   ,    .    ,        70. . 221   Mechanics Magazine    J M    .          ࠖ    ,  .






 ,   

- . 1876. 

        .      0?2?0.      ,        .    7. :  Popular Science Monthly, . 10, 1877.



   - . -       1871 1881.   15,          ,  ø .   ,    -.  ;   .






  6-  

      

  ,    . 1875.   The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

    .   ,           .



         .    -   .     -      .         .    ,    ,         4.   ,    1875.  Schneider-Creusot     ,     .






  .

          .   , . , ,   - ,      .      A.  ,   N    D,  ,     ,  M  ,   m   .  D    ,   ,    . -,          ;    ,  ,   ,    .       ,  ,  ,     ,      ,   . :  Popular Science Monthly, . 10, 1877.



   7,35,            ; , ,  ,    ,   ,    ,   .  ,      , -,      ,      .

 .       1873. ʠ1876.           ,      . ʠ1877.    18- ;            .

      .    ,    ,    70.

   Society ofArts Journal 18 1881.  :           , , 200  .   (13,6)     ,   ,    -.  ,      ,         .






 . 1880.    23243821 1880. Ѡ The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

       .          ,     ,    .    ,    .    ,         ,    .



25 1879.               70.      6 1880,      SER    .    , , Dartford Chronicle,    ,   砫 , , ,   70    14.     ,    , .  ,     30,      914.    Manning Wardle No761.






 . 1880.    23243821 1880. Ѡ The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

   .      E  ,  F  ,   .     ,         ( )     . LL     .



- .  1882.        91  13


,        42.






- .   La Nature. 1882.






   868,560 

    1907. 

 The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

   1   2      21   3.        31[9 -     , ,    .     ,  ,     . -,      .]5.          51   4.        41,     54,      .






   868,560 

  1907. 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

1   ; 2  ; 3   ; 4   ; 5 ; 54 .         , -,      .      . . .       1908.






   . 

1912.  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

    .      ;       .     .        .      ,    .         .        .






    

 ()   

 ,      .    (Cyclopedia ofEngineering), . 6,   , , 1910. 

   ,    ,    .      Susquehanna CoalCo.






    .1914. 

 The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

         17  ,     ,   ,   ;    ,     ,         ,   .      ,  ,         ,   .         (  )  ,     ;      ,      .       ,         ,      .






     

   ,  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

    ,    .      .     150,   25 30.






  104      . 1910.

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

  ,     ,       17,       50.     ,     .    ,  ,      ,        ,    ࠖ ,    .



    ,  90C,       ,       8 9.  ,    , -,  .     .    ,       ,    .    13.

  蠖 .        ,       .      ,        ,           ,    .

 - ,        ,           .   - 18941899.,   .

    .     ,  -       ,     ,       .

.     ,       ,      .     ,     ,     .  ,   ,     ,    .       ,     ,       .      .    ,  60%.






 ,    ,     .  . 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

    .     .          ,       ,   .



 1890.              . ,       ,   .          ,   ,    .    400   ,     -.     ,  1910 .    90% .  H K Porter Company     ,  . ,  1896 1930.          .     ,     .    ,     .

 ,         50 80,   7 10   .        ,     . ,         1,5 .,         40-50 .    , 30%    .

         .       150,     .   ,           . , -,    25 30    , -,      ,     15.     ,       5.       ,     ,    ,     .  ,    .

 150  , ,      17;                   .    . ,   ,  蠖 ,   , ,  ,  ,  ,     .  -    .              ,   ;   ,         .

Ӡ   , 104,       50,   17.     ,           .

       ,       ,  ,      .         ,   .  ,   ,         ,                 ,    .            ,          .






    .  . 

  Duane Overholser ofSheridan, OR. 

     Storybook Island -,  .     .      . ,     ,    .



 104  1910.      , ,   ,  , . H K Porter Company ,           35 50% (Light Locomotives byH.K.Porter, 1900).






   27  ,  .  . 

  RailroadPix.Com.   .



  ,   . Ӡ       70  ,   ,           .          .          .   ,          , ,        ; ,    ,   ,     ,  .






  . 1928.

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

      .   1928.   1961.   1A.   ,    4


,  70.  12,2,  7,  1,6,  2,1.       .



  .         -,       .    140.       Street Railway Journal  1897.:



      ,    Air Power Company      -.                   -.   42 ;   13  20 ,     175. . , ,        -    20- .      9,   , 14 20 6.   9.        .

   2000 .    200   10%  5% .                200300.       .      ,   ,  ,       .   ,   ,   .     ,       .     ,      .  ,      .      47000.     -,100.







   .  -  0?2?0    New Orleans Sewerage & Water Board 1915.  ,    .   The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

       .   ,   ,    ,   .      .






   .  . 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

     ,  .    ,     ,     . ,  ,   ,     ,   [10 -      ,    ,   .        . Ƞ ,    .   ,     (),      80.].






  98. 

   . 

   (Cyclopedia ofEngineering), . 4,   , , 1910.






    H. C.Frick Coke Co.  . 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

     .      .           ...      Baldwin.






   B-P-O. 1914. 

      ,  PEBLOW, PEBMUX, PEBNAZ PEBREC,     .         .       50 80.       17;       ,    .    .    ,      ,     .[11 -  1914. H K Porter Company  2-    Modern Compressed Air Locomotives,        .        .     䠖  () .]






   B-PP-O. 1914.

     ,  PECRAB, PECSEC, PECTED PECVOF.      50 80   ,  .       ,   .       , -,     .






   C-PP. 1914.

     B-PP-O.     ,   .    5080.      17.






 B-PPP B-PP. 1914.

      ;   New Orleans Sewerage & Water Board 1915.      ,     ;  ,        .        .          ,   ,    .    50 80,  堖 17.






  B-P-T. 1914.

-             (    )  ,    .      , .       -  1875.






   B-PP-T. 1914.

Ӡ     ;       .






   C-5Ps-O. 1914.

    ,    .          ,    .      120155.    ,  ,      . Ӡ   ,     .   ,    ,    ,   ,    .






  . 1897.

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

,    ,   ,     .    ,  ,         .     . ,   ,  RectorSt.



  .  1899.      42,   10,5.   4,8


,  16.

       ,        .  42    ,     ,     17.     ,   ,    .     .






    .

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

,      . ,     .  ,           ,    .



   Baldwin.  Baldwin      ,    .  1897...,   ,      0?2?0  Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Company,         ,  ,    ,  .   ,       .






  ,   Railway and Locomotive Engineering, . 10, 5,  1897,  ,       1,1. 

,  ,  ,      .    .



  Baldwin        ,   .   ,  Baldwin     , , ,        .

   ,   Baldwin.   11.      42,    7.     1,5 1,8     9- .     , , ,      .






   . 

  Street Railway Journal,  1897.

Ѡ      , . ,  ,    ,  ,     .      .    RectorSt.



 41     . ,         95,   152   254.    610.    ,      .    .    178570600.    .






    .   , 

   ,    

     . 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.






  0?3?0.    

     

, , . 1899. 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.






 ,   Baldwin  P&RCI.  .

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

,   ,   ,   Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Company.        ,          .       .      ,      ,      .






 ,   Baldwin  P&RCI.  .

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

    ,   Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Company.       ,  .    蠖     .



  American Engineer and Railroad Journal      ,   Baldwin.     .   .       ,   ,  .  ,     ,     ,    .        ,      ,     .            . ,             .     ,    ,       ,  ,      .    ,  .






 ,    Ashland Coal & Iron Railway Co.   Baldwin 

.  . 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

      .   ;       .      ,        . ,          .






 ,   Baldwin 

  H. C.Frick Coke Co.  . 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.











    . 1899.  American Engineer and Railroad Journal,

 1899, .58.



    [12 -  Nature, 1901, 2- .].  1901.  Saint-Leonard[13 -  13 1836. - -  . .    1840.    1932.   1465.]    (6001 6004)    .






    . 1901. 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.



 ,   ,           ,     .     ,      650  .       . ,     ,      ,         .   ,   .

    .     .   33  (  )   .      20.      :   20    ,   10,      .

        .      ,      ,      ,     .     ,  .

 , -, ,  1910.    .  ,      ,        .

   ,     ,     .      ,     ,    5000,         200..   100/.      6,   Compagnie Parisienne,             ,    100.

   ,     2000  .        20,    ,           .        ()  .






 . 1902. 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.

               .   ࠖ     .    ,      ,   ,    ,    .    .



  .    .     .   .   1898.,    1906. ,       ,         ,     ,    ,    ,      .  ,    ,   Compressed Air Magazine.






   . 

  10 15,  70 80,    ,    (140).     .       ,   .  Compressed Air Magazine,  1902, 5, p1906 Vol7.






 . 1902.

    ,   .  Compressed Air Magazine,  1902, 5, p1906 Vol7.



 ˸.  ˸  14,6   ˸,        .   1907.  1913.     ,   ,      ,    ,   1906.        .  , The Engineer 8 1911. ,   ˸   Thebault, , , ,   .

          7.5


    .       . ,  ,         .     3


.      120.

         duplex 400.. ,   .        120  0,3


/.    ,    .






 . 1902.

 :    ,     ; :    ;  :    ;   ,   .  Compressed Air Magazine,  1902, 5, p1906 Vol7.






˸ . 1907.   

,   1911.,    . 

 .   , . 1, .109.






˸ . 1907.   .  . 

  , . 1, . 109. 

          ,    .   ,   (-,   ).






 .

  Scientific American, 25 1916.






    Hudson. 1930- . 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives. 

   .   Hudson   ,    Delaware and Hudson Railroad Company.  ,   ,  ,   1940.



   . ,   Scientific American,        ⠖   ,   19111916 . ,        .      .  1926.    ,    . 16 1963.      ,      15. Ѡ     .

     ,  ,   ,     ,     .  ,      .     .

  .            ,   .    ,      . Ӡ     .     ,  English Universities Press1951.






  .  1950- . 

 Coal-MiningbyIC F Statham, Professor ofMining, University ofSheffield.  1951. English Universities Press.



  ,     . -,    1951.,  , ,   1900.         ,    617(1919.) 1223(1940.).

          28,550,8.    125210.      4? 9,5.    ,    ,    1? 2. ,  ,  6   14.., ,  ,  10    40..    9,5? 11/,    45010600   , 240770   .

     .  ,    -      ,   ,        .     ,   .       . ,    ,  , - ,       ,         .    , , ,      ,     ,      .   , ,  ,  .

  .  1955. Ӡ        .    .   200,   20..,   5,6.  ,         .






   PZ 20,  1955. 

  The Self Site: Unusual Steam Locomotives.




1.3.  


      -            ,  .   XIX ,      ,           -     .

 1861.       ,     .     ,  .          ...         . ,     ,  蠖      .         .     ,  .     150   300.  ,    1862.,     ,    . ,        .  ,    ,  34  ()  150  2100 .        .     , ,   .     .       .

 ,      , ..    .  ,            ,     2 3     ,       . ,  ,  ,     .  1860...     .






 () . 1860. 

  .   䓻,  , 2003,6.



                  1862.      - .        ,  ,     .          ().






 () .   . 1862. 

  .   䓻,  , 2003,6.



     . Π    . ,       ..頖  ,      ,     .. ..,  ⠫ :



   ,  .          .        ,    ,    ,     ,       .

27 3       ,     .       -  ,   ,        . ʠ    , , ,     ,   .    !  셻


      ,   ,         1862.     ,      ,     .

      ,     .  ,  1862.    ,         .









II



Ѡ 





2.1.        


       ,         ,      XIX .

, 1894.   ..     ,   ,     ,  .  ,            ,     1897.

..,     ,   ,   ,    .             ,   蠖 .      ,   .        蠖 ,       .     ,   ,  . Ѡ       ,           .  ,       .

            .

    [14 - Ѡ1917.     (),   . .], ,         .   ,           .     ,        , ,   .

 -        .

     .  1904.  ..    ,      .         .         , 頖   ,       .        35   ,   .       ,   ,   .            .

 19061913.      ,          .

  [15 - -     .] ,          ,    ,    .              ,        .






     

 .

)       ,     ,              ;)       ,      .



              ;               .        ,        ,        ,   ,       .          , ,      .

          ?        .     ,    ,       .      ,         ,        V-       4 6.       ,   .        W-     ,     .

      ,     ,         ,   , ,         .

             .      .     ,  ,     ,         ,         .

,          3 4%,  ,      (    ),        ,     .

 1909.    ....          ..  .         㠖 1910.     ,          .     ..    .

       ,    ,   .        ,     ,  .              ,   . ..,                   .         030   .    ,          5 7.






 .

  1,   , 6,   ,  7,     1 8   .  , 1, 67   . 910  11,     .     45   7,    .    23 .






  .

V-        .



       ,     1912.   .           ,    .




  .


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 1914. H K Porter Company  2-    Modern Compressed Air Locomotives,        .        .     䠖  () .




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 13 1836. - -  . .    1840.    1932.   1465.




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