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,       ,  . Ƞ  ,  , ,      ,   ,     -       , ,     ,      ,   .  ,    ,  [2 - .   ? .:  XXI, 2004. .33.]


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   : ,   ,      ,  ,    ,   [6 - FitzpatrickS. Conclusion: Late Stalinism in Historical Perspective// Late Stalinist Russia: Society between reconstruction and reinvention. Juliane F?rst (Ed.). London; New York: Routledge, 2006. P.269.].              .

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     ,  30?        . , ,    ,   20?   ,   󠖠 ,    ,   ,   ,    ,  , , ,     ,   [10 - . Blow up,    蠖2. .:, 2003. .198.].


 ,  1930?,      1920?,   ,    ,  ,        ,     .       - : 1930?     ,      .   1920?     (  , ,  );  1930?   򠖠         (,   ..)[11 - .: TimasheffN. The Great Retreat. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1946.].  ,    ,         ,  .      ,  ,   ,  -  .   ,  1930?       .

          . 頖  頖      ,       .                   ,  .          젖   ,     (1938, .  ,  )   (1941, .  ), ,         ,  ⠫ (1936, .  ),      .

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    , 30?   .      ,  -    ,     ࠖ   . Ѡ ,           .   -   [13 - . Blow up,    蠖2. .237.].


              ,        :   ,   ,  ()  蠖      ,   .    , ,   ,  .      ,   . Ƞ :  ,  ,  蠖  . , , ,   [14 - . Π . .:. , 1984. .415.].   :     ,  ,    .

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      ,     ,    ,         ,     .          .   ,     : ,     ,  , ,   :     , ,     ,       -,   ,     ,        ?[15 - ChartierR. The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution. Durham; London: Duke UP, 1991. P.5.]    ,      ,    ,          .         .

        ,    (    )     蠫- ,     ,      1917        , 1927       . Ƞ         ,     ,       -,      .      ,       .     ,     ,    ,  -  ,   ,    1[16 - .  . .:. , 1995. .370.].

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 ,              19201930? (,  , ,  .). ,    ,       ,   (,  , ,  .), ,  ,     .  ,   ,     ,   ,   ,       ,     .   ࠖ   ,   ,   蠖      .   ,    ,     ,      .   ,       ,          [18 - .: F?rstJ. Stalins Last Generation: Soviet Post-War Youth and the Emergence of Mature Socialism. Oxford: OUP, 2012.].

,    ,  ,     .             1940?  : ,  ,       [19 - .  . .:. , 2001. .146.]. 21 1945       ,   :                .  ,      ,     . Ӡ    ,       [20 - .].   . . ,         (   ,   )   ,    , 



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,     ,      :    ,     .     蠫     ( ) ,      . Ƞ  ,      ,   .         ,     . Ƞ        ,           :



,    ,      ,     ,      ,   ,   .    ,   .     ,       ,        .   ,    [22 - .  . .163.].


 1930?               .     ?          1930?,     -,     .   1930?⠖     .          [23 - .: ClarkK. Moscow, the Fourth Rome: Stalinism, Cosmopolitanism, and the Evolution of Soviet Culture, 19311941. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2011; David-FoxM. Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 19211941. New York: Oxford UP, 2011.].

 , ,      .    - ,     . 1930?,            (     ), , ,  .   -  .              .         .

         ,  



     .      ,     ;    ( , )     ;       ;      ;      ;      ,     ,   ;          [24 - WeinerA. Making Sense of War: The Second World War and the Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2001. P.7.].


    .     .     1945     [25 - . : PlainG. Literature of the 1940s: War, postwar and peace (Vol. 5of The Edinburgh History of Twentieth-Century Literature in Britain, ed. Randall Stevenson). Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2013. .1.].     . ࠖ         ,     .           : , , .      ,           ( ,      ).        ,  ,    , 蠫  .

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   ,  - ,       ,       :           .   ,    1923  II  ,    :    ,     ,   ,   ,    ,   ,    [26 - ..     () XII  () 17 1923.// .. . .:, 1947. .5. .210.].

 򠖠ࠖ     ,        ,  -,     ,  ,   ,    .     ,      ,  1947               ,   ,  ࠖ      ,      .   廠34 ,  , 3040  100150 -[27 - .. Π    // .. . .5. .71.].              .

 1920        :      ,               . .    ,       ,    [28 - ..    I     15 1920.// .. . .4. .366.].     ,         .         ,    .      ,    ,    ,     .

  ,  ,  ,   ,          ( ,  )  ( ),   ,    . Ƞ       ,        .        1946.     1946    ,    ,    ,   ,       , , ,  ,   ,      .

       :       ,   ,   [29 - TuckerR. The Soviet Political Mind: Stalinism and Post-Stalin Change. New York: Norton, 1971. P.91.].     ,      ,    ,         蠖  , , ,       ,    [30 - FitzpatrickS. Conclusion: Late Stalinism in Historical Perspective. P.274.].           (      ).  ,  ,      1945  .       .     ,  ,    , ,  ,  .

        .      ,    -    ,      .       ꠖ          / .      .     ,  ,   ,        .

     ,           .     ,          ,      ,     ,  (     )  [31 - .  :  . .:, 2002. .98.].    ,       蠖  , , , ,  ,    ..

  XIX X   ,    .     (, ,  )     1917ࠖ ,      ,   , .       .        .       󠖠18401850?,    , , , .         ,     .    (),  .    .            ,        ,   蠫 ,  蠫 ,   蠫[32 - .: Frolova-WalkerM. Russian Music and Nationalism: From Glinka to Stalin. London: Yale UP, 2008.].    :  -  -.         ,  ,  .

  X          .            . Ѡ1917   1930?    .      1930?,    :      ,        .    .     .    ,         .    --          .

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     ,   (,  ,    ,   ).                . ,        ,          ,       ,      蠖   .       ,     .  ,  ,  ,      ,  ,  .    ,  ,  .       ࠖ     [33 - .  . .98.].

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   40?            .  ,       ,             ,  [34 - .., ..  . .185.].


     1930?,         .     , ,           ,           頖 ,  .         .         , , , 젖 ,         .

         .      ,       堖   1930? (         1941).     .    ,  ,     .        :     ,   ,     .     :      ,       ,      .

         : 19201930?, 堖.      ,          .    /   ,     ,      .           ,    .




   


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 2001 . .             ,    ,     1920?   1930?,  ,  , ,    



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ʠ               , 



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  蠖,  ,    .    ,   ,    ,  頖        (       ,    ) ,      [56 - Ibid. P.14.].


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,     ,    ,   ,       .          (  ).     ,          ,        : , ,  ,  .       ,  ,  .

    ,      :  ,       ,   ; ,      ,       (,        ,  ;  ,           ,      ).           : ,     ,      ,        .   ,  ,        蠫,      ,  .

        (     ),    1917        (),         ,    ࠖ   ,             蠫 .      .   ࠖ  :       ,    ,  ( ,  )   ,           . 蠖,          (  !) ,     ,   .           ,   Pax Sovietica  ,   ,        ,  蠖     .

       ?    ?   .     .               蠫     ,   蠫,    ,        ࠖ     .         ,    ,    .      , ,    ,,   .       蠖  .         ,    ,      ,    .   .

      1991 ,      :



          ,     ,  ,    ,  ,        .    ;       .    ,   ࠖ      , 䠖  ,    (     )[58 - . . .:Ad Marginem, 1992. .140141.].


     ,   :     ⠫.      :      ,      [59 - .   . .:Ad Marginem, 1997. .71.].    ,    .     .

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        , , ,  ,    ,       ,      ,     ,  ,     ,   ,      .      ,  ,         ,  .    , ,   ,  堖   ,         .       ,      .

      ,       .         . ,        ,   .      .    ,     .    ,    .     堖  .

          .     , , , ,          ,          . Ӡ ,   ࠖ     ꠫ ,     .     , 堖  .         .

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       .   ,  ,      .         .      .  ,    ,   .  堖     .   ,       ,  [62 - .   . .: , 2015. .7.].


      .




   


            , 򠖠    ,     .      젖     .      蠖      ,     .  ࠖ    .    ,     ,    ,            ,    [63 - The New Cultural History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. P.21.].

      ,        .    ,     (, , , , , ,   ,   ..),       . ߠ    ,               .

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       ,      .  ,        ,       ,   ,        ,,   ,   ;      [64 - QuintD. Epic and Empire: Politics and Generic Form from Virgil to Milton. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1993. P.14.].


      ,  ,     ,     :



       (,   ) ,      ,         . ,  蠖 蠖   .          ; ,        ,    , ,               (  )   . ,             . ,     [65 - Ibid.].


         ,      ,   ,    .   ,        ,    ,    .       .         ,  , ,   (    ),    ( )    .       , .                - -.

     ,       .           ,      .  .    ,           ,    ,     .  ,       .   ⠫   :



    ,   ,    ,   ,   ;                [66 - JamesonF. The Political Unconscious: Narrative and Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1981. .35.].


   .      . Ѡ ,         :      .  ,          ,   .          ,     .     ,       ,      .    ,      ,            ,   .       ,    .     .   ,  ,    ,        蠖 .

     ,     :   ,  .      ,     . ,  ,      .    :             ,    .

      ,        ,    ;     ,        ;  ,       ;       - ,   ;       [67 - EagletonT. Ideology. New York: Verso, 1990. P.56.].         ,       ,  ,      ,       [68 - BrandenbergerD. Propaganda State in Crisis: Soviet Ideology, Indoctrination, and Terror under Stalin, 19271941. New Haven: Yale UP, 2011. P.6.].      ,  (          )     .      .            .     ,      .      ,       ,  堖.

, ,    .  ,    [69 - .      .   ,  ,  ,    : Aesthetics and Politics. London: Verso, 2007.]       [70 - .: Ranci?reJ. The Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013.]?      , ,       ,  , ,  ..   ,     ,     ,   . ,            .

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    ( ⠫ )  [72 - .  .       . .:  , 2014.         .],      : ,      ,  ;         (67).   ,  , ,     ,  ,         .    .     , 



        ,    ;       ,     .     ,     -  ;     ,      .         (68).


       .  ,     .       ,  .  ,    ,  . ,    :



      ,     (),      ( ). ,      .  蠖    .   ,       ,        (64).


      :    .   ,  ,   ,     .            ()  ,         ,    (69).

  ,      .                XVII. ,         ,     ,        (75). Ƞ     .

,      .    ,  ,    ,          , . Ƞ,   ,         :



    ,           ,       .      , , ;    ,   .        ,         ,     .     ,    ,      (76).


              : ,     , 堖,     ,     .   ,        ,  ,    .  ,               :     ,   .        . Ƞ     . ,     .

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, ,          ,  ,   ,       ,      , , ,    - .      ,         ,           (   , , , ,  ,  ,    ..)   ( ࠖ,      ,    ..).  ,     ,     .       ,         .        .      ,     ,        ,        .

          ,     ,      ,    ,       . ,     ,    ,      .      ,    .   ,         .

   (    )    ,    .         .   -   .         .      1930?,             ,     1930?     ,       - .          .      ,  ,  , .

 ,       ,     ,    , .        - ࠖ      ,    X,      . ,        X,                  .

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        :          ,    ,          ,     ,          ,        [74 -     :  . .:, 1934. .4, 5.].

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     .      .                .       . 젖  ,      .         :  ,  ,    ,  ࠖ ,  .      ,           .   1930?   .         .     .    ,   .    .      ,    蠖   ,   () .    ,        1946       ;       .  , ,    800- ,       . Ƞ,      (    ),  ,     .

            .     ,       1946   ()      ,  ,     . .  .     .             ;           ;         (),    ()   ().       XIX  .       (           ,   ,     ),  ,       :    ,     ,   ,         1946.   -      .        ,  ,  ,    ,         ,   -     ,  ,    .   ,  1946 ,  .         ,     ,   ,   ,    ,     ,        .       .

   .  ,      ,    .      ().    ,  modus operandi,       ,    .   ,    ,     .         , ,  .     -  .      ,   (: ),  堖  ,,  .      .              ,     .               ,  ,             .         ,  젖,       .  ,     -, 򠖠 -     .    ,        ,   .        -       ,    .            1947   ,     .

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      :          . O         .     ,           .       .        (),            ( ⠫   ,     ,    ..)       ,    ,                   젖 . ,    ,  :  蠫     ,   ,       .              ,  .            , -   . Ƞ      ,    ,    -     ,        ,          .    ,     ,   .         ,    ,      .      , , .           .          .                 ,               (19461948)    黠   ,       (1953).     ,     ,        ( ,  ,   . )   ,            ,  ,     .

Ƞ       .   ,  ,    .    ,      ,        ,   𻠖 .     par excellence.     :      ,     status quo (        ,  ( )    ),     ,       堖  status quo.  ,      .      status quo,     ,  ,   .    ,    ,     ,    .    ,    ,   ,  -:  ,  ,        .             ,           .        .       .          ,  ,  ,  , ,            ,      ,  ,  ,     . Ƞ      .                   (, ,  ..)     .

 ,  ,           ,    ,    ,   ,    ,    .  ,  .

 ࠖ   - ,                      .                 (, ,   ..),     ,  . ,            .   (    )      [77 - ClarkK. Petersburg: Crucible of Cultural Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1995. (.: Introduction: The Ecology of Revolution. P.128.)].     .

 ,     ,              ⠖   ,    ,    ,   ,  ,    ,        , ,, .   ,                .

    ,   堖    ,  ,   ⠖  ,           蠫,       ,    ,    ,   , , , . Ѡ       .      ,   ,    .  ,    ,      蠫       ,         1991[78 - FitzpatrickS. Conclusion: Late Stalinism in Historical Perspective. P.278.].

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       ,   ,      .         , ,  ,     堖        ,     ,    ,    /  ,       ,       ,     .




 

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         -   (, ,  ),       ,     .    16961725 ,   17751783,    17891794,  19201924  ,  1949  .

       ,    [79 - .: CorneyF. Telling October: Memory and the Making of the Bolshevik Revolution. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2004.].          , ,  ,      , ,  ,  ,     ,    ,   ,          ,      .

     ()       ,     ,     ,  1929.      ,     1930?[80 - .: BrandenbergerD. National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 19311956. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2002.].      1930?  ,                  .

     , ,  [81 - Π     .: WeinerA. Making Sense of War: The Second World War and the Fate of the Bolshevik Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2001; WeinerA. Robust Revolution to Retiring Revolution: The Life Cycle of the Soviet Revolution, 19451968// The Slavonic and East European Review. 2008. Vol.86. No. 2 (Apr.). Pp. 208231; Weiner Amir. The making of adominant myth// Russian review. 55. 1996. No. 4. P.638660.].      - -   1917,          , ,     . ,   ,     󠖠         ࠖ .  ,      ,      ,        ,   .     , ,   ,     ,         .

             ,   Ground Zero 1945.       .        ,   .    ,       ,  .       ,     .        ,       .   -. Ƞ                 .     ,     ,   ,    ,  ,   ,   ,  .  ,    ,  ,   (. ..)   ( )   ,    ,  ,   ,   [82 - .     //   60 . .:  , 2005. .88.].            ,    .

 ,        :     ,      ࠖ  9      :   1947      ,   9       (,      ).           :        ,         ,        ,             [83 - OveryR. Russias War. New York: Penguin, 2010. P.298.    .: TumarkinN. The Living and the Dead: The Rise and Fall of the Cult of World War II in Russia. New York: Basic Books, 1994.].

            ,      ,   -       .         .      .   頖   .          ,   .       ,    (, , ,  )      (     1943)  ,      . ,      ,           .       .   ,       ,    .           頖 .

                      . 9 1946.  :   ,  ,      ,             [84 - .. C. .16. .:, 1997. .7.         .].     ,    ,     :  ,        ,        ,            (7). ,        , , , ,     ,    .

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,     (, ),     ,   .  .     (, ),    .      ,     (, ):   ,    (, ). ߠ,             .       (, ).       ,    , .       ( ) (1415).


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,    ,         ,    .    ,        ,      蠖   ꠫ ),     (,    ),    ,    (,   ,   ,   ..).

  ,                   ,        . Ƞ      ,    :  ,       ,      .  26 1965       ,   9          .        .            堖      (    1967    ,    :            - ! ).

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 ,         X,   ,     .     .           ,   ,       post factum   ,   ,     .    , ,  ,     [86 - .  . .:, 2003. .8.         .].

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         .      ,  렖   ,    ,    ,    ,    .       ࠖ ,    ,    ..    ,     ,        :          ,       ,   19411945   ,         堖       ,       . ,         .    ,/    ./ Ƞ -  /    .//    /   ./    ,/    //     /    .

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,          ,    .     :     ,              .         砖 ,  .          ,  ,   1930?,   ,       .

,    ,/  , , ./ Ӡ,   ,/    !     .         :   //   /  ./  㠖,/    .// Ƞ   ,/  ./ ߠ   ,/     .// ߠ  ,/    ,/    /    .//  ,   /    ,/   ,  /   .            (.   1945   ,/    ).

  堖      , , ,   ,    ,     :  ,   ,/    :/ ,     ,/       ?!/ ߠ ,  ,/ ,    /   ,   .         . ,       , ,  ,  ,  ,  ,      ,     .     ,    , ,       ,/        .       蠫 廠 ,      .

       .       ![88 - Nazdar (.) .]   :  .  ./      腠/    /!    /𠖠   ,  ,    ./ ,    ,/    .        ,   .       ,       ,   ,  ,   :   ,/  ,  /   ,/   .

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       ,     蠖, 1946       ,   :    ,/     ./  -    / Ƞ,    .           ,    ,     :     / Ƞ  !    -,    .       ,    :  -   ,/    셻      :        ,  ,      ,     ,   !,         ,  ,  /    ,/    ,/     .//  .  ./    酠/ ,   !/ ,  ,   ,/ , !..

     ,  ,    ,        .  񠖠   ,     . ,      ( ), ,  ,   , ,  ,   .          .      ,         . ,     .   ,    ,     .      ,      ,   :      :  ,  /    ./    / :  .//     ./    /  ,  / : , , ܻ.

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      .      ,      .     ,     ,      .       ,        ,  .       ,    셻   ,  :    ,  ./    ,   Ⅰ/   .   ?/   ,   ,    .        ,       .     ,   1953   ,   :    !  ./    !   ./ Ѡ  !    ./ Ѡ  !    .                : ,  ,  ,     ,    ?[89 -  . 1947. 8.]

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,       ,               .          .         ,   1941 1942    : ,   / (  )/ ʠ  /  ,    /   ,/   ,/   ,    /   ,/    ,/    !,    /    /    ,/   ,  (. . ,   셻, 1941). ,  ,   ,      [90 - .: .   : Ԡ//  /  . . ., . .:  , 2000. .225241.].

    :  ,   /    !  , !    ,/      /     !/     ! (. .   , 1941).    ,  .     .       :   ./   , ,/     ./   ./   蠖./   .  , ./ , ,   /    .// Ƞ! . Ƞ /    ,  ./ Ƞ,  ,  / Ha    ./ .  ,  ,  ,/ Ƞ  ,   ,/     ./   : ! (. . , 1942).

,        ,     .  1942 .        (1942). , ,    :    , ,/ Ƞ ,   ,/  ,  ,/ Ƞ, , !//   ,     ,/   , /  ,  -/   !  ,  ,     (       ).         頖            :   頖 ./    ,/ Ƞ    // , ./ , !/  , 頖  ./  ,  ,/    !//   ,   ,/     , ,/      /   .     .      , !,     ⠫  .   ,    ,/ ,   ,/  ,  /  ,   !//      /    ./ Ƞ  /  : !// ,      / Ƞ    ,/    ,/     !      :    ,  ,    ,   ,     ,/ ,   ! Ƞ,    ,/ !

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    ,    ,         1942      (1941)    :  19201930?,    ,   , /   . Ƞ   ,/   ,/    ,/  ,  .     ,/ ,  ,/    / Ƞ  . ,  ,    .       ,        ,   .   1941,    ,   ,        .  ,      ,     .        蠖        .         ,   / ʠ,/ ʠ ,/ ,    ,/   .    :  !/   /   ./     /    ,/    ,/    . Ƞ ,    ,   ,  ࠖ/    .

 ,     ,             .           :      .        (     ).       ,    [91 -  ⠫ 6, 8, 12, 15 20 1942,      (.    ( ). .:, 1942).].   1942       .       .    . Ƞ   ,        .

   .         .     .     ,         ,      ,   .             :  ,     ?   :   ?            ߅,  :   ,    ,   ,  Ƞ    .     ,   ,            . ,    . Ƞ  ,     ,          :     .           .    ,  :         , ,    !

     ,    :    ,     ,     .     .       .          .    ,        . , . ,      ,     ,      ,    .     󠖠,   ,    :  ,   , , .   ,            ,   ,      .    ,      ,        -,      .     ,   , ,     :   .   .

    - .        .    ,   .  , , .   .     ,     .     .   ,   ,          .     . Ƞ     ,  ,        . Ƞ  : ߠ,   . ߠ-  ,  :    , ,  .   . ߠ,      ,   ,    ,  . ߠ.   ,  .     .  .

           .   ,    :        .        ,      .       ,   ,      ,   :  ,    .       ,  ,    ࠖ       ,   , ,      : ,  .   .   .  ,  ,    򠖠,  .         蠖/ࠖ, /, 蠖.   ,  ,  .

  񠖠.       ,      ,   ,      .   , , ,  : , !     . Ƞ          : ߠ    .

       ⠫   ,      .           ,          .   , ,   ,    ,    󠖠  ,    .      ,  .    ,    .    ,   , , . ?      , , , !   ?  .       ,    ,      ,     , , ! Ƞ       ,    .      ,    .

Π,      ,         (1944).        - ,       .        ? ,        : Ӡ    .   .        .    - ?   - ,    ? !      .   ,  ,     ,    !   ,    ,   .    :   ,   , ,        ,  ,  ,      , ,    .

 ,     .    ,     :   ,       ,  ,     . Ƞ    .  ,  .            .   ,     : ߠ 兓     ,  ࠖ , 㠖      ,    렖     ,  .     ? Ƞ ,      ,   ,      ?    :       ,      ,    . Ƞ   :    .  ,   



,   ,   ,   ,    ,    : ,  !     ! ,  ,       -  -  ? Ƞ       ,  ?  , ! , ,    !..  ,     ,    ?   , ?     !  ,  ,   ?    ,     ,  ,  ,  ,   ,   ,   ,     ,  !


   : ,   ,  ,   .    , 砖.   ,     ,     .       .

   (    1930?)     ,    ,   .  ,       .         ,  .           ,   .

      ,         ⠖,      , ,   :   ,    ,   , ⠖    蠖     [92 - .   . : -  -, 1987. .101.].         .       .       .  ,   ,            ,      ,      [93 - ..   . .:. , 1963. .79.].    ( )        ,         ()   [94 - . . . .125.],         ,   .

    .      ,   ,   .         :            ,     [95 - .. Π. .:. , 1961. .287.].  ,      ,          ,  ,   ,     ,   ,          [96 -  .]. ,



           ,  , .          ,      , , ,    ,  ,   ,   ,   [97 - . .291.].


   . ,  ,  :



        - ,      ,       ,          ,       [98 - . .387.].


   -    .        . , ,        ,     .      .    蠖. .      ,  :        .

         .   1943    ,     .       .          .            ,     ,   1943,     .   raison d?tre.    ,     .     ,  ,    1943, .

8 1943   :



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The New Cultural History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. P.21.




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.  .       . .:  , 2014.         .




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., .  :    // . 1994. 11. .219.




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