,       .  
 


.   
, 1939 .                ,    ,       .       ,       ,  ,   ,  ,     ,    .

        ,         ,      . ,       컠      ,    ,        .

  a4.pdf    .





 

,       



Jeremy Dronfield

THE BOY WHO FOLLOWED HIS FATHER INTO AUSCHWITZ



  ,    , 2019

    .   , 2020


* * *


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    ,       .     ,   ,   ,      .   ,            1930-,      ,   , .  ,   ,      ,   ,    ,       ,  ,   ,  ,  , -, -,   .   ,      .            ,  ,      ,      .  ꠖ   ,       .    .   ,  .       ,     젖 ,  ,   ,   ,     ,   .

      .    .    ,  ,        ;   ,   ,    .     ,          1939   1945-,         1997 .   ,      ,   ,  ,    ,      ,      (        ,    ).     ,    - ,   ,      ;         .  ,        ,       . ,             :         :  .       .

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,              ,    .    ,     ,                ,         .

    ,     .     ,        1939-.         ,    1941-         .      ,       ,    .     .                .      ,    ,      ,      ,       ,   .

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 2018







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     .         ,    .   ࠖ    ,        ,         [1 -       http://www.timeanddate.com/moon/austria/amstetten?month=1&year=1945].  ,    .        ,   ,    .




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             [3 -   Die Stimme, 11  1938, . 1; .  G.E.R.Gedye, Fallen Bastions: The Central European Tragedy (1939), . 287189,         .]


 -  .     ,      .       ,     ,   , ,      :     ,       .

              .  ,    ,         .      ,   ,    .    ,  ,       , ,               ;   ,    .  蠖  183 ꠖ      [4 -          -.      .      . Martin Gilbert, The Routlege Atlas of the Holocaust (2002), . 22,  Norman Bentwich, The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Austria 19381942  The Jews of Austria, ed. Josef Fraenkel (1970), . 467.].

   .          ,          .    :        ,       ,     .    , 13  1938 .

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     ; ,  ,      ![5 - Die Stimme, 11  1938, . 1.]


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            ,   .   Die Stemme       :   !   ![7 - Die Stimme, 11  1938, . 1.].  Judische Presse    :           .  ,   .     ![8 - Judische Presse, 11  1938, . 1.].

     , ,     ,    ,    .  ,  ,   ,  ,      .


* * *

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    ,      ,   :        ࠖ   !   -[11 -      .]. ,      ,    .                 :   -      [12 -      Georges Gedye (Fallen Bastions, cc. 287296).   ,      -     .].           ,  ! !

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        ,        [14 - The Times, 11  1938, . 14;  News Wiener Tagblatt (Tages-Ausgabe), 11  1938, . 1.],     -     ,     ,    -  ,      ,      ,  [15 - Gedye (Fallen Bastions, . 290293),       .].   , ,   ,     .     ,   ,        ,  .      ;     .

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* * *

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      .         :    ,    ,         - (   )     .     ,        (     ). ,   ,     ,          .  ,      19.30   [16 - Gedye (Fallen Bastions, . 290; The Times, 12  1938, . 12.].

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 ,    ;     젖   ,  ,    .   -  ,    ,       ,   .            ࠖ     , ?    -   .          .

     .     .  .  -     .  ,     ,  ,    : !   .       ;     ,    ,  .   :    ,          . ,    , 蠖   ,   ,     .    ,    .    ,  ,    ,     ,   .         ,   . ,       .            ,     : ,  [17 -   Gedye, Fallen Bastions, .10, 293,  The Times, 12  1938, . 12.   The Times,       ,        ,     ,         .          .].

,     , ,      .  ,         ,    .


* * *

,   ,      ,     ,           .     ,    ,  [18 -   ,     .],    [19 -   ,    .]   .     ,  ࠖ      . -  ,       ,          ;      :   ![20 -       uberfullt ,   (Hugo Gold, Geschichte der Juden in Wien: Ein Gedenkbuch (1966), . 77; Erika Weinzierl, Christen und Juden nach der NS-Machtereifung in Osterreich in Anschluh 1938 (1981), . 197198).].

      ,         .       .     :    ,       ,      .      ,       ,       ,      .      , ;         ,      ,          .

       ,  ,   ,    . ,  ,     ,      ,  .    ,              ,    .       .  ,   ;   , ,     .

    :  !  !  !  !  ,  ,  ,  !  !   ,    ,   :    ,      [21 - Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 295.      ,  ,            ,           (David Cesarani, Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 19331949 (2016), . 114116, 136).].    ,              ,         , ,   ,  [22 -   Cesarani, Final Solution, . 148.].  ,   ,     [23 - Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 295.].

    ,      .       ,  ;         .

   ,   ,          .       ,   , ,     䠖  ,    ,      .  !  !     ,    ,  ,   -     .

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          ,           !         .      ;  ,   ,           .    ,        .      .  ,   ,   蠖  .    ,          ,    [24 - Oswald Dutch, Thus Died Austria (1938), . 231232; .  Neues Wiener Tagblatt, 12  1938, . 3; Banater Deutsche Zeitung, 13  1938, . 5; The Times, 14  1938, . 14.].     .

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  ,                .  ,  ,    ,     ,        ,   ,   [26 - Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 282.].         .     .

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* * *

        .  ,     ,  . ,          ;         ,      ,         .      ,        .      ,        :    ,  -      .      ,    .

     .  ,    ,     .     ,    , ,    .   ,         ,      ,   !         ,    :    , ,  ,      ,    .      頖    ,   ,   .  ,   ,     ,   [27 - Arbeitersturm, 13  1938, . 5; The Times, 17  1938, . 14.].     ,       .

   .       - :     [28 -  ,     .  ,  ,    ,   (Reichsamter und Reichsbehorden in der Ostmark, . 207, AFB).].       .     ,     ,  .       .

!  ![29 -     : Reinhold Gartner and Fritz Kleinmann, Doch der Hund will nicht krepieren: Tagebuchnotizen aus Auschwitz (2012);        ,  ;      .]

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 !

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* * *

       :     ,    , ,   蠖   ,     .        ,      .   ,     .   젖       ,     ,    ,   ,  ࠖ   ,      ,   .  ,   (         )            .  ,  -, ,    .   ,     .   ,     ,      ,     .

,   ,       .    1935      . 4    -    ;    .    ,         .     .     : ,    ,        ,         [31 - Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 354.].

    [32 -  ;     .]     .      - 堖       䠖           .

   ,  ,    ,   ,       .             [33 - The Times, 8  1938, . 12; 11  1938, . 11;  Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 9.].

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  ,       .           .  ,     .        ; ,     99,7%   .  ,       [34 - The Times, 11  1938, . 12.             ( )     .].           ,       .   ,   ,        ,   [35 - The Times, 12  1938, . 14.].

    .     ,   -   ,      [36 - The Times, 9  1938, . 11.].          !    ,       ,        [37 - The Times, 23  1938, . 13; 26  1938, . 11; 30  1938, . 11.].       ,               [38 - Bentwich, Destruction, . 470.].                 (    )[39 -  ; Herbert Rosenkranz, The Anschluss and the Tragedy of Austrian Jewry 19381945 in The Jews of Austria, ed. Joseph Fraenkel (1970), . 484.].

       .      -,   ,       ,    .          ,     ;    ,    ,     .        ,            .      ,        .

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		     ,
		    .

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     ,    ,    .       :       ,    ,    .  - :   蠖   ,    .     ;     -  ,     .       : . Konzentrationslager  ,         ,   [40 - ,   1933    ,      .   1938         (  ): , ,   ,    ,    ,    1938  (. Nikolaus Wachsmann, KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps (2015); Cesarani, Final Solution; Laurence Rees, The Holocaust: A New History (2017)).].

     .     .     ,   ,      ,            [41 - Reich Ministry of the Interior regulations, 17  1938 ,   Yitzhak Arad, Israel Gutman and Abraham Margaliot, Documents on the Holocaust, 8- ,  Lea Ben Dor (1999), . 9899.].      J,   Juden-Kennkarte  J-Karte,   .     :          ,      ,   .   ,     .

   ,    ,          .       ,    ;   ,    ,    [42 -   B.306, AWK.].           .      ,    ,      .

        , ,    ,      [43 -   B.95, AWK.].        ,     ,    .

     ,     .      ,   ,   . 26        Der Angriff              .          ,  , ,      ;       [44 -       The Times (27  1938, . 13).    Chicago Tribune (27  1938, . 15)    ,              ,       .].       ,               ,   .        ,           ,     ,     ,  ,      .  ,  ,  ,   ,      ,   -       ,      [45 - Neues Wiener Tagblatt, 26  1938, . 1.].   Volkischer Beobachter  ,              ,     ,       [46 - Volkischer Beobachter, 26  1938, . 1,   Peter Loewenberg, The Kristallnacht      The Origins of Holocaust, ed. Michael Marrus (1989), c. 585.].

  ,   .

          .     :     ,    ,   ,  ,  ,            , ,     .

      [47 - Neues Wiener Tagblatt, 8  1938, . 1.].    .

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       [49 -        , 10  1938 ,  Arad et al., Documents, . 102104.].       :            [50 -     , , 11  1938 ,     ( ), Papers Concerning the Treatment of German Nationals in Germany 19381939 (1939), c. 16.].  ,   ,        ,    ,  ,  ;     ,      ,   ,        .

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            [53 -        Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 188;  :   .24 (), .62 ( ), .143 ( ), AWK;     ( 166 (156)),   ( 93 (205))  Uta Gerhardt and Tomas Karlauf (eds), The Night of Broken Glass: Eyewitness Accounts of Kristallnacht, . Robert Simmons and Nick Somers (2012); Wallner, By Order of the Gestapo.].       .   ,    ,   ,       ,    [54 -     , , 11  1938 ,    ( ), Papers Concerning the Treatment of German Nationals in Germany, 19381939 (1939), . 16.]; -    .    : Jude oder Nichtjude?[55 -   ?]      Jude, ,             .     ,     .    Volksstimme,  ,      ,      ,     .

    ⠖         [56 -     6,547 (Melissa Jane Taylor, Experts in Misery? American Consuls in Austria, Jewish Refugees and Restrictionist Immigration Policy, 19381941 (2006), . 48).],       .   ,       ,       ;    ,      .

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     . ,   Zur?k (),        .  Entlassung ()    , ,   ,   .     Tauglich ():     ,   ,    ,  ,   ,  [57 - .62 ( ), AWK.       ;      ,     ,     (.: The Scotsman, 14  1938;  Kim Wunschmann, Before Auschwitz: Jewish Prisoners in the Prewar Concentration Camps (2015), c. 183).].

       ,     .      ,   :   ,    ,         .   ,  ,  ;  , ,  ,         ,     .       . ,     ,     :   !   !

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* * *

    ,  .    ,    .      砖      ,     ,         .     .

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     , ,    ,      -       .    ,     ,       [62 - Westdeutscher Beobachter (), 11  1938.].  -     ,       ,   -      [63 - Westdeutscher Beobachter (), 11  1938.].   ,         ,   [64 -    ,      , 11  1938,    , Papers, . 15.].

, , ,      ,      . ,      , -   . ,   .      . .

, , ,   . ,    ,     .  ,    .         ,      ,        .          ,   [65 - Cesarani, Final Solution, . 199.].       ,       .   .

     .      [66 -     ,   ,   .]    ,  -,       ,       ,  .     :     .     .    ,   .        .


* * *

       蠖 , ,     .     :      .     .

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  :  ,         ,     [67 - The Spectator, 18  1938, . 836.].   ,    ,        .       - .        ,         .


* * *

     .      ,    .                  .       ,       ,     ,          .

        젖     .       ,          [68 - David Cesarani, Eichmann: His Life and Crimes (2005), cc. 6off.].         ,     ,       .       (IKG), ,        ,       .         ,    .

     ,      .     ,     ,        30%      20% (   )[69 - Heydrich,   Cesarani, Final Solution, . 207.],         .  ,        ,       .            .     IKG ,             [70 - Doron Rabinovici, Eichmanns Jews: The Jewish Administration of Holocaust Vienna, 19381945, . Nick Somers (2011), cc. 5off.; Cesarani, Final Solution, . 147ff.]. ,         .

    ,  .            ,     .      ,   ,   ,        .       ,       ,       . The Spectator  ,   ,                [71 - The Spectator, 29  1938, . 189.].

     ,   ,



 ,           ,     , ,          ,    ,         ,   ,      ,      [72 - The Spectator, 19  1938, . 294.].


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 ,   ,           ,     ,     ,   [73 -  ,   , 30  1939,   The Times, 31  1939, . 14;   Arad et al., Documents, . 132.].        ;    ,     ,             ,        [74 - Daily Telegraph, 22  1938;  House of Commons Hansard, 21  1938, . 341, . 428483.].    ,          ,     젖      ,           ,   [75 - Daily Telegraph, 22  1938;  House of Commons Hansard, 21  1938, . 341, . 428483.].

         ,         ,   ,    .             .             , ,    [76 -  .226, AWK.].

        ,    ,    .              .     ,        ,  .     ,    .   ,   ,       . 蠖  .      :          .       ,     .

  1938                ,     ,   -       [77 - The Times, 321,  1938 .].      Kindertransport     .       ,    .          .             [78 -  , 1997, .];    ,  ,   ,     .       .  ,      ,                 .      [79 - Manchester Guardian, 15  1938, . 11; 18  1939, . 18.].

      ,    ,   .  ,       , ,   ,      ,  .        .

  ,     ,   ,     ,         .   ,    1938      ,     [80 -          ,   , , 7  1940, LJL.].    ,       : ,   .       ,       .   ,   ,  ,        .

    蠖   ,     ,     ,  ,    .   The Times   [81 - The Times, , 19381939,   .].    :  , ,     , ,  , ,   ,   .  ,        .    :  ,  ,    ,   ,   .       :  ,  ,   10  (      ),    ,      ,    - .

          [82 - Louise London, Whitehall and the Jews, 19331948; British Immigration Policy, Jewish Refugees and the Holocaust (2000), c. 79.].   ,  ,    ,       :



,      (),    ,   ,  .  ,  2,   11/19[83 - The Times, 8  1938, . 4.].


,   ,          .   ,      .   ? ,    .       ,   ,  ,           .     ,  ,   ,   , ,     .         ,             .

   .         [84 -          ; ,   ,   ,  ,    ,     19381939 ,   (Cesarani, Final Solution, . 158).          ,       400   ( , . 214).].     ,    .        ,   ,   ,      .    ,   ,       -  .        ,       ;     ,  ,    [85 -      , 11  1938,    , Papers, . 15.].           -ø,     [86 -     , 8,     .].    .    . ,    1939    .

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* * *

          . ,        1939 , ,     ,  :           ,     ;  ,       [87 - M.Mitzmann, A Visit To Germany, Austria and Poland in 1939,  0.2/151, YVP.].

  ,             ,    : ,   ,     .   ,   ,    ,     .        .         ,      ,            .           .

        ,     .       ,        -  .      ,     .     J-Karte      ,             .

        ,   .   ,    .    ,     ,    .        .

   ,     : 1    .     ,        .

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* * *

     .               [88 - Harry Stein (), Buchenwald Concentration Camp 19371945, ed. Gedenkstatte Buchenwald (2004), cc. 115116; Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, cc. 8081.]. ,      ,  ,   .  ,      ,   ,         .  1918     , ,    ,  ,  ,   , ,  .

  ,  ,      ,   .     ,       .

      .       ,  .    ;        .   ,  ⠖      ,      .      ,    , [89 -   ( 1997),     ,        ,    , 11,  .   (    )     .].  ,       .               .

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* * *

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,     ,          .     ,       : ,       .

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 ,     .       ;    ,     ,     ,      ,     ,    ,     .

ࠖ ,    ,  .        -,       .        ,         [95 - Stein, Buchenwald, cc. 2728.].         ,   ;      ,        .

   ,     ,                .        젖   ,   ,  -  .       ,  ,       ,  . 䠖   -   ,   ,     :     ,         . ,   ,           .     ,  䠖  [96 - .   .203, AWK.].

        .      .     :



RECHT ODER UNRECHT MEIN VATERLAND


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JEDEM DAS SEINE


 . ,     ,   ,  .

,    ,    .    ;   ,      ,       [97 - Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 15n.].

    :           ,      ;     ,         380 .    ,     ,    ࠖ  ,   ,   [98 - Stein, Buchenwald, c. 35.].

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        .     ,   ,  .    ,    ,   .

,  , ,  ,  .  ,   ,    . 堖     .

         :   7290,   7291[99 -     1.1.5.3/6283376, 1.1.5.3/6283389, ITS.    ;        1941 ,        (Wachsmann, KL, c. 284).].    ,   ,     ,  ,    .         ,       (,    ,     ).      [100 - Werber and Helmreich, Saving Children, c. 36.]. ,    ,    , ,       ,      .

   : , , ,            .    -.           [101 -  .192, AWK.],         .      ࠖ  .

  ,  ,    ,    ,    ;            .     ,         ,   .       ,       ,   .   ,  ,    ,    ,   .      ,     .     ,       ,  ,       (     )[102 -      ,     :   ,   ,      .        , , ,   ;          ,    .].

       ,   ,  ࠖ    ,  .     ,     :

  ,         [103 - Emil Carlebach, in David A. Hackett (., ), The Buchenwald Report (1995), . 162163.].

     ,      ,     .             [104 -    ,   ,   1943      (Stein, Buchenwald, cc. 149151).        19391940.,  : Felix Raush, Hackett, Buchenwald Report, cc. 271276.].           ,         [105 - Hackett, Buchenwald Report, . 113114.       10098 .   9000   ,    ( 2000   19381939.,   ,        ,  , . 109).     19381939. ,       1939- (8707   -).],     .

            .      .   ,      . ,    ,   ,  ,    .

       :  ,      ;    .       :  -  ,             .          .   ,       ,    -,        .

     ,     .      ,         .     ,    .    :  ,     ,     .    ;    ,    .     .

    .   ,  렖    , ,        .    .   ?[106 -   :  ,       .       ,        .          :     ?      ? (Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 1213).   ,     ,     ,   ,      . ( ,  1997 ).]


* * *

 :    ,       .                ,     젖  ,   [107 -           ,       ( .. Hackett, Buchenwald Report; Stein, Buchenwald;  .192, AWK).].

 ,     ,       .        ,   .   ,           ,      .     ,       .

           ,         .    ,      ;       .            .   ,    ,        ,    .   ,        , ,        .      ,    .

               .         ,          Ѡ   ,     ,      ,   .      ,     ,   ,   .

         .       ,      .       ;       ,  堖 . ,    ,   .      ,       .   ,          ,         ⻠      .

  頖         .   ,      ,     ,      .     렖   .   , , ;      ,     , ,  - ,      .    ,        ,    ,     [108 -   ,    ,       ,         .  ,          (  Rees, Holocaust, . 79).].

        ,      ,     ;     ,       .     ;                 [109 -         = 1554/


.            .]   ,    ,      .     ,          .       ,        ,      ,     ,      .   ,    ,  .     ,    ,           .

    ;    ,       軠 ,    [110 -     Todes-Holzbarake ( ), ,    ,      ,         ( 2,  -  ,   )   1939  (. Emily Carlebach in Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c. 162).].         [111 - Stein, Buchenwald, c. 96.].       ,    ,  .          .

      ,       .   ,     .

   . , 25 ,       .    ,       ; ,     .  3500      ,        ,    ,  .   ,  .

     .     ,           ,      .         :     ,       .   ,    .

 , ,          ,      , ,    .   .  ,     ,   ,  .          .            ,  ,   .   ,         .    (                   )      ,     .              .      ,    ,    [112 - Stefan Heymann in Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c. 253.].

 ,   ,       蠖  .

    .


* * *

  8  1939      ,            1923 ,           .         .     ,        ,       ,       ,  .      ࠖ       堖    ,     ; ,     ,   ,     [113 - Nigel Jones, Countdown to Valkyrie: The July Plot to Assassinate Hitler (2008), cc. 103105.].

   .        ,      ,        .         蠖       .       ,          [114 - Wachsmann, KL, c. 220.].       ,    .

  9    ,      ,      ,   .      , , ,    ,        .

   .       ,       ,      ,      [115 - Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c. 51; Stein, Buchenwald, c. 119.].    ,            ,          ,     ,        .     ,       ,         ,         .           .

        ,   ,    .      .     ,   ,     .   [116 - Hackett, Buchenwald Report, cc. 231, 252253; Wachsmann, KL, c. 220.].

  ,  ,   .          .   ,        .

    .             .      ,         .    , ,     ,       .        : , ,    ,   , ,         .

    ,   [117 -  ,   Monika Horsky, Man mus Daruber reden. Schuler fragen KZ-Haftlinge (1988), c. 4849,   Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 16n.].

        .  ,     ,   ꠖ  .      㠖      [118 - Stein, Buchenwald, c. 52, 108109;  .192, AWK.].   ,    ,         .       .

    ,   ,   .      ,     .        ,          .

    ,       ;   ,    : ,    .              .       .

         .

!  .

        ,    .

,  .

     .

,  .

  ;     ,             .   , , ,    ,   .   ,       ,  ,   .

     ;       .      ,   ,  ,   ,      .

    :  ,   .     ,    .       .


* * *

      ,  ,    . ,   ,      ,       .      ,            .    :      ,     堖    .

        ,    ,  ,       ,     :    .    ;      ,  , ,  .   , ,  .      ;    .        :    .

 , ,     .       ,    ,   ,   ,  ,    .      ,  .

,  ,    . -  .   .     .  - .  ,  ? ,     .     - ,  ,   ,     .   .

      - 젖   ,    .    , ,   ,    ,   .

    . ,   ,  ,    ,   .    젖   ,     .     ,  ,    ,   [119 -      .       .     .    - ,  ,     - (, Chicago Tribune, 29  2001).].         38,8,   ,    .

         .    .                    .         .         . ,     ,     . ,   ,       , ,      .        ,      ,   .

     ,     ,     .

  ,   ,  .

   ,    .

       ,          ,    .            [120 - Hackett, Buchenwald Report, cc. 6064.].  ,    ,     ,  [121 -   ,   Marco Pukrop, Die SS-Karrieren von Dr. Wilhelm Berndt und Dr. Walter Dohrn. Ein Beitrag zu den unbekannten KZ-Artzen der Vorkriegszeit, Werkstatt Geschichte 62 (2012), . 79.].

,  .     .          .

            . ,    ,  - ,   ,  :

    ! ,  - ![122 -       (Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 48)    ,         (weindener und verzweifelter) .]

    ;      ,      ,       .             ꠖ     .

    .           .          .  : ,       .    :

  .

          .   ,                     .

 ,  ,     ,     . !

      ꠖ       .         , ,   .     ,            .

        .     ,    ,    ,         .      ,   ,     .    ,  .

  ,    ,       . ,      .   ,   ,   ;     ,     .    ,       .

  ,      ,   ,     .             [123 -      : (Am) nachsten Tag kriege (ich) einen Posten als Reiniger im Klosett, habe 4 Ofen zu heizen Klosett            ,      -   (Stein, Buchenwald, c. 86).   Ofen (  ),  ;  ,        .          ;      1942 ( , . 141).];       .

    .       .    ; ,   ,       .  ,       ,        .     :          .  ,  ,  ,  .

     ,          .    ,      .    .    ,  蠖  ࠖ   ,       .      .  ,      .







               ,       .       ,        .

      ,      , ,  ,    .       .    ,     ,   ,   .    -   .   .     .    ,      ,  .

         .                 ,                .  , ,  ,     .          [124 -   ,  , LJL;    , 1911;      , SS Carinthia, 2  1936, PNY;   ,   1939 ,  ; .        (  )  1878       1911.  1939     : 373, -.].

     :             ;        ,         .     , ,    ,   ,            .

     ,     ,    ,    ,      .    ,   ⠖  ,     ,   ,       ,         ,       .                .       ,     .        ,  ,   , , ,  [125 -   46/010634, HOI.         ,  , ,     .].  ,    ?

          頖 -,   ,    ,   .

     (  ,    )           ,  .        ;          .         .

        .   1938            ,              , , , , ,    .        :   ,    ,         [126 - Wachsmann, KL, . 147151; Cesarani, Final Solution, cc. 164165; Wunschmann, Before Auschwitz, c. 186.].    ,    [127 -     24  1938      16865 (  , PGD).     23  1938 ,   9520       16,     14 (  , PGB).],     ,   ,       ,           [128 - Wachsmann, KL, pp. 181184.].      ,     , ,   ,    .   ,    ,     .    , ,  ,    .     .   1939 ,               [129 - Wachsmann, KL, p. . 186.].      .

     ,    .        ,    .         ,        [130 - .. ,    , 25  1939, LJW;   , GRO;  ,    , 26  1949, LJL; Nicholas Mark Burkitt, British Society and the Jews (2011), c. 198.  Rakusen Ltd.,    .      : 9, -.].

      ,    ,      .     250               [131 -  , LJW; Anthony Grenville, Anglo-Jewry and the Jewish Refugees from Nazism, Association of Jewish Refugees Journal ( 2012).       ,      .        ,           .].

     .       ,  ,   ,        ,    .   ,        ,             ,      .       ,            .

ࠖ           ,    ,   , ,   .      ,   ,  .     .

          .    ,  ,  ,           ,        ,    .  ,     ,          ,   ,    [132 - . ,    , 16  1940;  ,    , 20  1940 , LJL.].

  ,   17  1940            -,           ,     .

       ,   .            .    .  ,     .


* * *

ࠖ ! ࠖ !

  ,       .

ࠖ ! ࠖ !

       ,    ,       .   , ,     .  堖       ,      .

   ,          .

, ! ࠖ ! , !  , ?

,   ,     .    ,      ,        .

 ! ,     ![133 -          (.     ).]

    ,         ;     .

, ! ࠖ !

 ,  ,  ,        . , ,   ,   ,    .

       ;    ,         [134 -   1939     1235 ,      (Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c.114).],   , ,      ,          .            .         :   ,  ,  ,      .     ;       ,    .        .                .    .

,     . 24  1940   .     :    ,    ,    3 (    ,       )[135 -      (    )        .     .].

     ,    蠖      .         ;               .     ,            ,     [136 -        1944   .       .]. ,    ,  :    ,          .          .              ,   ,     .              ,     .

   ,      ,           [137 -  ,  1997 .              ;        ,   ,      ,       .].   , , ,      ,          .       ,           1933 .                .

ࠖ ! ࠖ !

   ,   ,       .     ,   ,   ,    ,     .

   ,   ,      .            ,  .  ,      .

       ,     ,     頖     .          .    ,     .  ,       ,     ,       .

   ,  .  ,    .     ,      ,     .             ,     , ,  .

		-,  ,
		-,   .
		-,   ,
		   [138 -      .       .Klick-klack Hammerschlag,Klick-klack Jammertag.Sklavensleen, Elendsknochen,Dalli und den Stein gebrochen.].

        ,      .

		-,  .
		-,   .
		-,  ,
		, ,  [139 -  :Klick-klack Hammerschlag,Klick-klack Jammertag.Sien nur diesen JammerlappenWinselnd um die Steine tappen.].

 ,   ,       .

 ! ,   ? ,  -?

 ,    ,       ; ,   ,  .

 , ,  !    ,   !

       .

?  , ,  ?   ,  !  ,    . , !

   ,   ,      :

ࠖ ! ࠖ !

   ,  .   ,    ,          ,   .

   , ?  .   .

     ,      .     ,  ,    , ,     ,    ,     .     ,          .   ;        ,    .

                   .

,  !  ,  ,  . , , !

    ,    .

   ,  .    蠖 !      .      ,      -  :      .          ,   ,           ,       [140 -     ,    , ,    (Stein, Buchenwald, . 299),    .          . Hackett, Buchenwald Report, . 159, 174175, 234.   ,      ,       .].         ,        .

     ,         .          .  , :

		,      ,
		  ,  , - ![141 -  :Klatsch er liegt auf allen Vieren,doch der Hund will nicht krepieren!]

   ,         .   ,    ,  .         ,    ,    .     ,  -           .      .     ,    .        ,    ,  ,    ,  ,            ,  ,   .

		 ,    .
		 ,   .
		  ,    .
		   .
		 ,    ,
		 ,     .
		  ,    [142 -    ,  :Es ratter der Brecher tagaus und tagein,Er ratter und ratter und bricht das Gestein,Zermalt es zu Schotter und Stunde auf StundFrist Schaufel um Schaufel sein grieriger Mund.Und die, die ihn futtern mit Muh und mit Fleis,Sie wissen er frist nur doch satt wird er nie.Erst frist er die Steine und dann frist er sie.].

   ,      ,  ,      ,      ,     .   ,  ,   .         :     ,       ,      .     .  ,      :   ,     ,     ,   - . ,  ,   ,  ;      ,  , ,    .

 :    ,  ,  ,    . ,   -     .     ,       .     ,     ,     ,      .    ,   ,      .

          .  ,   .   , ,    ,     .

    .    ,  .   ,       ,   .  ,  ,  .

 , ,  !  .  ,  ? , , ?

,  .  .

  .

 ?  .       .

   ,   .

 ,   -,   . -,   ,  .       .

,    ,            ,   .     ,   ,   .        . ,    ,        .       ,  ,  .

        .   ,   ,    ,       ,   ,    ,     ,  .




  


 ,   ,      .   ,  .           ,    ,    ,         .      .

   .   ,     ,   .  ,    ,    .      ,       .        (      ,       ,   ,             ,   ).        ,     .   ,   ,     .   ,        .    ,   ,    . ,  .   .      ?

,   .             [143 - Edith Kurzweil, Nazi Laws and Jewish Lives (2004), c. 153.].  ,   ,      ,     ,   .     ,   .

   ,        ,        ,    ; ,   ,      [144 -   Arad et al., Documents, cc. 143144.].    ,        .            [145 - Rabinovici, Eichmanns Jews, .87ff.].

    ,     ,    .      ,       .      ,    ,            .     ,   .          ,   ,  ,          .     ,          -  -[146 -  , SS Veendam, 24  1940, PNY;   , 1940, NARA;  ,     , 1919, NARA.          .  , ,   , ,   ,   , ,   ( ,   , 20  1899 ,     , IKA).],      ,    ,    [147 -   , 1949, NARA.].   ,          .

      ⠖        .      ,     ,       .     ,    ,          .   1940            :    ,  ,                      [148 -     , 26  1940,   David S. Wyman, America and the Holocaust (1990),  4, . 1;  , p.v.].

      ,   ,    ,  ,    ,  , ,   ,     ,    .      ,  ,      , , ,         ,   -,      .

   -  .   ,      .      :    ,     .  ,   -  -           .

,     ,           .     㠖    ,    ,   . ,     , 蠖  ,    [149 -      ,    ,      .       (   , 1941, DKK),        .].


* * *

   .     ,      .     蠖 -,   ,    .      , ,        .

    ,    ,   .             .       :  ,   -       .   ,       ,     .

 ,      ,      . - ,   ,       ,  ,    .

       ,      .        ,     , ,  ,  .      -   ,    ,   ,    ,   .        . ,   ,  . ,             ,  ,        .  ,      ,      .  ,     .     ,  , ,     .    .  -      .     ,      .

   ,         .

   ,         ,    .     ,      ,    ,   .        ,  - ,    .        .      :  ,     ,   .   頖    .      ,      ,      ,     .

     , ,    .    ,   [150 - Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 69;     1.1.5.3/6283376, ITS;     , 13  1890,     , IKA.].     ;         .   ,     :    ,    -.     ,     :    .           ,   ;         ,    ,  ,      .

              ,     Mischlinge 蠖   .     ,  ,              .      ,    ,     . ,   ,     .

  !  ,        .         ?

    , ,      ,   ,    .

 .     .

        -    .  ,     , ,     ,  ,   .    .      -,  ,   ĸ,  .          ,  .             . ,       ,        ,       ,       .             ,  ,      .

  ,        ,      .      ,   ,      , ,    ,    .     .           .

    ,       .       .    ,      :    ,    - .  ,      ,  ,         .   ,    .

, !    .

   .

 !  .

  ,    .



,   ,  -  !

    .  ,     .   .     .

       .  -  .  ,   ,     ,    ?      ?


* * *

 ,  ,  .          ,          ,     ,        .         ,      :         .

     .  ,    . ,   ,      .

       :  ,        ,     .  ,             .        ,     ,        .      ,         .

      ;    ,   堖     ,  -     [151 -      5  1940  (   1.1.5.3/6283377, ITS).].         -   ,     .

       ,  ,     :  7290,   , !

  ,  -    .    ,       :      ,  ,    .

 7290!  !   , !

       .    ,       .     ,    ,      ,      [152 - Stein, Buchenwald, . 4445, 307; Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c. 34.       ,   .       .].    ,      ,     .

 ,  .   .

 .       ,    ,     . ,   ,   ,   ,   .

  .

     ,     .           ,     .

 ,   .  .

  .

 .

    ,   .   ,    ,    ,           .         .  ,       ,       ,      .

  ,           .   ,   ,  -      .    ,   ,         .

     , ,    . ,  ,   ,       ,   ,         .

  ,     , ,    ,    ,     .      ,   ,    .  ,    ,           .            .

    :         .      .    :            .     ,     ,   - .    :   .

  ,    .            ,    .      .

          ,     .


* * *

      , ,   .        ,        ,    .

   ,   ,   ,    .

    , ,  ,              ,     .       .      ,    ,        .   :    ,      ,        .

 ,    ,            .       ,    .       .

,  ,   .

   ,             ,    .       ,       ,     .        .   ,          ,      蠖   ,        .        堖       ,      .    ,         .

       -.      :   ,      ,   .     . ,   蠖         ,     [153 - Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 47, 49.       , 145.     1938 ,    ,         ,      157. DPP).          , ,  ,  1939    152).]. ,   ,    ,   .        , ,       .           [154 -     , 12  1908  (   , 68485, AMP).].    ,    ,       .          ,  [155 -     , , 14  1896 (   , 68488, ).].     :  ,  ,      .         ,             1933-    .

,   ,    ,      .       ,  ,      .            .  ,       ,       ,        :



         .       ,          ,   ,         .        ,           ,      [156 -  ,  ,  2,  1.].


   ,      ,        ; ,    ,  ,        .

        . -           ,       ,      ,  ,    .

    ,       ,    ,    .      ;          ,          .  ,   ,   ,   .    ,     .         ,     ,  .      :        [157 -    Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 54.].

   ,       .

  ,            ,      ,     ,   .  ,    ,    ,           .

      .        ,      ,   ,     .  , ,  ,         ,   .   ,       [158 - Hackett, Buchenwald Report, cc. 42, 336; Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 55.].

  Scheissetragen [159 - Stein, Buchenwald ( ), . 78.].                  ,   .  ,   ,    ,        .  ,     ,  4711     ;        ⠖   蠖     .      ,     [160 - Stein, Buchenwald, cc. 7879.].

,   ,   ,  ,    .       ,      頖                  ,  ,   ,   .

     ;       ,     .   ,      ,         ,     .    ,      ,      .

         .


* * *

ࠖ ! ࠖ !

,   , .  ,  ꠖ ,  , ,  ,    .           ,     , -   .    ,    ,  ,  ,  ,   ,   ,  ,    .

  ,           ,       .     ,  .   -    ,      :       ,         ,    .      ,       ,     ;     ,    .      ,     ࠖ        ,    .     ,       ,       ,    .

             .        :   ,   ,   .      ,      singende Pferde  [161 - Stein, Buchenwald, c. 90.].

ࠖ ! ࠖ ! , !

        :

 , , ?! , !

     ,  .

 ,  ,       ꠖ        .    ,   .

 , -    ,   ,   .


* * *

  ,   ,    ,    .

,  !

   ,  ,  ,     ,    .           :     ,      .

! , , ! , , !

     ,      . ,   ,     蠖   ,   ,         , Strafsport.

  ,         :             .           [162 - Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 57.        ,   Hackett, Buchenwald Report.].

 !   ,  !  !

        - ,      .

!

   ,   ,     ;      .    ,    ,       .

,       :   .       .

     ,         .

    ,  . , ,        Strafsport.    ,    ,      .

  ,     ? -        .     ,   .

  ꠖ      .     ,      ,    .

 ,   .        젖    ,     ,     .

 ,     ,     ,     ,    ,      .  ,     , ,    .




 


     .  ,   ,     ,      .

  1940       ,  ,   ,   .        ,            .  -    ,        , ,   .   -    ,      .

    :            ,    .    ; ࠖ   Daily Mail      [163 -   ,      ,               Daily Mail (Peter Gillman and Lenni Gillman, Collar the Lot! How Britain Interned and Expelled Its Wartime Refugees (1980), cc. 7879).           (19361939),      ,            .].    ,      55000     , ,   ,          [164 - Roger Kershaw, Collar the lot! Britains policy of internment during the Second World War,     (2015).        (  ),  6700     ( ),  569     .        ,      ,       ,   .].    ,  Mail      ,      ,    ,   .

      -,           ,  ,      .  ,  ,  :  ![165 - Gillman, Collar the Lot!, . 153; Kershaw, Collar the lot!.].      ,      .      ⠖ ,   ,  ,      .  頖    ,    ,   頖  .

     :  ,            .    ,         ,    [166 -  ,    , 4  1940 , Hansard, . 364, . 794.].     24 [167 - Gillman, Collar the Lot!, .167ff, 173ff; Kershaw, Collar the lot!.].

     ,       :    ,    ,    ,  ,  ,  [168 - Bernard Wasserstein, Britain and the Jews of Europe, 19391945 (1999), c. 108.].    , -      .  Jewish Chronicle       ,  ,    ;      ,            [169 - Bernard Wasserstein, Britain and the Jews of Europe, 19391945 (1999), c. 83.].

        .             [170 -   15, - ( , LJL).       4 (  , GRO).    -   1980-.].                ,  .    ,                [171 - , JRC,     , 18  1940, LJL.     : 57, - .].     .        ,      .            .         ,   .   ,      ,        -      ,     .

,        ,           .       ,  ,    ,   .        : ,  .            .       [172 -   , JRC, , 7  13 , 1940, LJL.]. , ,            .   ,        ,   ,          .

    ,    ;         ,      .

       .       ,      [173 - Gillman, Collar the Lot!, cc. 113, 133.     ,   (24  1940, LJL), , ,  ,      .].

,     ,       ;       .                   ,      .

           .   ;   ,              [174 - , , . 171.].     ,    ,       ,   .     ,      ,       ,  ,   ꠖ ,  .          [175 -      .                (discovery.national-archives.gov.uk/details/r/C9246:,    30  2017).]. ,   , ,       ꠖ      .

 ,  ;         .         ,          :  ,          ,          .     ,                    [176 -  ,   , 30  1940, LJL.].

     堖    .

           .   ,  ,  -.    ,   ,     .      .      ,            .      ,  , ,   ,   .

  ,    ,        .   :   ,       [177 -  ,   , 4  1940, LJL.].   .            ,          [178 -   ,   JRC, , 16  1940, LJL.].

      .       -,   ,   , 18 ,     .     .        .

      ,       ,              .      ⠖     ,    .        ,         ,    .   .        ; -     : ,   ,    ,  ,          [179 -  ,    , 22  1940, Hansard,  364, . 1534.].    :    ,    ,     ,      .   ,    ,          [180 -  ,    , 22  1940 , Hansard,  364, . 1529.].

     ,       [181 -   ,   JRC, , 23  1940, LJL.     16  (  270/00271, HOI).].


* * *

      .    1940-    ,    .   ,  ,   ,   ,    .      .

,     .        и      .  ,   ,     ,   ,      ,      ,   ,  .

и,   , ,    ,    ,      .    ,   ,    .

!  и  ,              .     ,   :  !  , ,   ?    , ,  !          ,   , ,   ,  .        ,    .

   . ,  и    ,    ,      .    ,  ,    . -,           ,      .

     .      ,      ˸-ࠖ    ,      ,       . и   :      .     [182 -   Jerry Silverman, The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust (2002), c. 15.].       (    ) ,   ,    .   ,      :

		 ,    ,
		   .
		 ,   , 
		  !
		 ,   , ,
		      ,
		  頖 ,
		  ,    !

и   ,    .   ,  ,    ,    [183 -   , . 15.].  и          ,        ,     .             [184 -    Hackett, Buchenwald Report, . 169170.].

       .      ,      . и    ,  ,        ,      [185 -   Silverman, Undying Flame, . 15.   ,  ˸-      1942.].          ,         .      .

    ,     .  .


* * *

    .  ,   ,      ,       .

           .        ,  ,   ,       .       ,       ;     ,             .     ,           ,        .    ,         ,     [186 - Hackett, Buchenwald Report, . 42.].

        ,   ,     ,     ,    .

 ,  ,         ,       .   ,  ,    ,     ,    [187 -   ,      20  1940 ,       (   1.1.5.3/6283377, ITS).].

   I,    ,   ,   .    ,         .      ,  ,        .  ,  1920-     .        ,      ;   ,          .




  .


   .

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1


      http://www.timeanddate.com/moon/austria/amstetten?month=1&year=1945




2


      .




3


  Die Stimme, 11  1938, . 1; .  G.E.R.Gedye, Fallen Bastions: The Central European Tragedy (1939), . 287189,         .




4


         -.      .      . Martin Gilbert, The Routlege Atlas of the Holocaust (2002), . 22,  Norman Bentwich, The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Austria 19381942  The Jews of Austria, ed. Josef Fraenkel (1970), . 467.




5


Die Stimme, 11  1938, . 1.




6


       ;  , , :     ,          .        ;      (Peter Wallner, By Order of the Gestapo: A Record of Life in Dachau and Buchenwald Concentration Camps (1941), . 718).    1935  ,    ,  ,          ,   .




7


Die Stimme, 11  1938, . 1.




8


Judische Presse, 11  1938, . 1.




9


             .




10


  -  .




11


     .




12


     Georges Gedye (Fallen Bastions, cc. 287296).   ,      -     .




13


         堖 24 ;    .




14


The Times, 11  1938, . 14;  News Wiener Tagblatt (Tages-Ausgabe), 11  1938, . 1.




15


Gedye (Fallen Bastions, . 290293),       .




16


Gedye (Fallen Bastions, . 290; The Times, 12  1938, . 12.




17


  Gedye, Fallen Bastions, .10, 293,  The Times, 12  1938, . 12.   The Times,       ,        ,     ,         .          .




18


  ,     .




19


  ,    .




20


      uberfullt ,   (Hugo Gold, Geschichte der Juden in Wien: Ein Gedenkbuch (1966), . 77; Erika Weinzierl, Christen und Juden nach der NS-Machtereifung in Osterreich in Anschluh 1938 (1981), . 197198).




21


Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 295.      ,  ,            ,           (David Cesarani, Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 19331949 (2016), . 114116, 136).




22


  Cesarani, Final Solution, . 148.




23


Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 295.




24


Oswald Dutch, Thus Died Austria (1938), . 231232; .  Neues Wiener Tagblatt, 12  1938, . 3; Banater Deutsche Zeitung, 13  1938, . 5; The Times, 14  1938, . 14.




25


Neues Wiener Tagblatt, 12  1938, . 3.




26


Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 282.




27


Arbeitersturm, 13  1938, . 5; The Times, 17  1938, . 14.




28


 ,     .  ,  ,    ,   (Reichsamter und Reichsbehorden in der Ostmark, . 207, AFB).




29


    : Reinhold Gartner and Fritz Kleinmann, Doch der Hund will nicht krepieren: Tagebuchnotizen aus Auschwitz (2012);        ,  ;      .




30


  ,  1,  17, TAE; George E. Berkley, Vienna and Its Jews: The Tragedy of Success, 1880s1980s (1988), . 259; Marvin Lowenthal, The Jews of Germany (1939), . 430. .  The Times, 31  1938, . 13; 7 1938, . 13.




31


Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 354.




32


 ;     .




33


The Times, 8  1938, . 12; 11  1938, . 11;  Gedye, Fallen Bastions, . 9.




34


The Times, 11  1938, . 12.             ( )     .




35


The Times, 12  1938, . 14.




36


The Times, 9  1938, . 11.




37


The Times, 23  1938, . 13; 26  1938, . 11; 30  1938, . 11.




38


Bentwich, Destruction, . 470.




39


 ; Herbert Rosenkranz, The Anschluss and the Tragedy of Austrian Jewry 19381945 in The Jews of Austria, ed. Joseph Fraenkel (1970), . 484.




40


,   1933    ,      .   1938         (  ): , ,   ,    ,    ,    1938  (. Nikolaus Wachsmann, KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps (2015); Cesarani, Final Solution; Laurence Rees, The Holocaust: A New History (2017)).




41


Reich Ministry of the Interior regulations, 17  1938 ,   Yitzhak Arad, Israel Gutman and Abraham Margaliot, Documents on the Holocaust, 8- ,  Lea Ben Dor (1999), . 9899.




42


  B.306, AWK.




43


  B.95, AWK.




44


      The Times (27  1938, . 13).    Chicago Tribune (27  1938, . 15)    ,              ,       .




45


Neues Wiener Tagblatt, 26  1938, . 1.




46


Volkischer Beobachter, 26  1938, . 1,   Peter Loewenberg, The Kristallnacht      The Origins of Holocaust, ed. Michael Marrus (1989), c. 585.




47


Neues Wiener Tagblatt, 8  1938, . 1.




48


    ,    .




49


       , 10  1938 ,  Arad et al., Documents, . 102104.




50


    , , 11  1938 ,     ( ), Papers Concerning the Treatment of German Nationals in Germany 19381939 (1939), c. 16.




51


Polizeiamt Leopoldstadt,    ,   : Austellungstrasse 171 (Reichsamter und Reichsbehorden in der Ostmark, c. 204, AFB).




52


 ,      Du,     Sie.




53


       Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 188;  :   .24 (), .62 ( ), .143 ( ), AWK;     ( 166 (156)),   ( 93 (205))  Uta Gerhardt and Tomas Karlauf (eds), The Night of Broken Glass: Eyewitness Accounts of Kristallnacht, . Robert Simmons and Nick Somers (2012); Wallner, By Order of the Gestapo.




54


    , , 11  1938 ,    ( ), Papers Concerning the Treatment of German Nationals in Germany, 19381939 (1939), . 16.




55


  ?




56


    6,547 (Melissa Jane Taylor, Experts in Misery? American Consuls in Austria, Jewish Refugees and Restrictionist Immigration Policy, 19381941 (2006), . 48).




57


.62 ( ), AWK.       ;      ,     ,     (.: The Scotsman, 14  1938;  Kim Wunschmann, Before Auschwitz: Jewish Prisoners in the Prewar Concentration Camps (2015), c. 183).




58


.143 ( ), AWK.




59


New York Times, 15, 26  1938, . 1.




60


    National Zeitung, 16  1938.




61


The Spectator, 18  1938, . 836.




62


Westdeutscher Beobachter (), 11  1938.




63


Westdeutscher Beobachter (), 11  1938.




64


   ,      , 11  1938,    , Papers, . 15.




65


Cesarani, Final Solution, . 199.




66


    ,   ,   .




67


The Spectator, 18  1938, . 836.




68


David Cesarani, Eichmann: His Life and Crimes (2005), cc. 6off.




69


Heydrich,   Cesarani, Final Solution, . 207.




70


Doron Rabinovici, Eichmanns Jews: The Jewish Administration of Holocaust Vienna, 19381945, . Nick Somers (2011), cc. 5off.; Cesarani, Final Solution, . 147ff.




71


The Spectator, 29  1938, . 189.




72


The Spectator, 19  1938, . 294.




73


 ,   , 30  1939,   The Times, 31  1939, . 14;   Arad et al., Documents, . 132.




74


Daily Telegraph, 22  1938;  House of Commons Hansard, 21  1938, . 341, . 428483.




75


Daily Telegraph, 22  1938;  House of Commons Hansard, 21  1938, . 341, . 428483.




76


 .226, AWK.




77


The Times, 321,  1938 .




78


 , 1997, .




79


Manchester Guardian, 15  1938, . 11; 18  1939, . 18.




80


         ,   , , 7  1940, LJL.




81


The Times, , 19381939,   .




82


Louise London, Whitehall and the Jews, 19331948; British Immigration Policy, Jewish Refugees and the Holocaust (2000), c. 79.




83


The Times, 8  1938, . 4.




84


         ; ,   ,   ,  ,    ,     19381939 ,   (Cesarani, Final Solution, . 158).          ,       400   ( , . 214).




85


     , 11  1938,    , Papers, . 15.




86


    , 8,     .




87


M.Mitzmann, A Visit To Germany, Austria and Poland in 1939,  0.2/151, YVP.




88


Harry Stein (), Buchenwald Concentration Camp 19371945, ed. Gedenkstatte Buchenwald (2004), cc. 115116; Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, cc. 8081.




89


  ( 1997),     ,        ,    , 11,  .   (    )     .




90


   ,     .       .




91


-     , , , .




92


    1.1.5.3/6283389, ITS.




93


        ,       (., Jack Werber and William B. Helmreich, Saving Children (1996), . 13, 3236; Stein, Buchenwald, . 115116;  .82, .192, .203, AWK).




94


  ( Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 12)   1048     ,    (Stein, Buchenwald, . 116)  1035.




95


Stein, Buchenwald, cc. 2728.




96


.   .203, AWK.




97


Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 15n.




98


Stein, Buchenwald, c. 35.




99


    1.1.5.3/6283376, 1.1.5.3/6283389, ITS.    ;        1941 ,        (Wachsmann, KL, c. 284).




100


Werber and Helmreich, Saving Children, c. 36.




101


 .192, AWK.




102


     ,     :   ,   ,      .        , , ,   ;          ,    .




103


Emil Carlebach, in David A. Hackett (., ), The Buchenwald Report (1995), . 162163.




104


   ,   ,   1943      (Stein, Buchenwald, cc. 149151).        19391940.,  : Felix Raush, Hackett, Buchenwald Report, cc. 271276.




105


Hackett, Buchenwald Report, . 113114.       10098 .   9000   ,    ( 2000   19381939.,   ,        ,  , . 109).     19381939. ,       1939- (8707   -).




106


  :  ,       .       ,        .          :     ?      ? (Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 1213).   ,     ,     ,   ,      . ( ,  1997 ).




107


          ,       ( .. Hackett, Buchenwald Report; Stein, Buchenwald;  .192, AWK).




108


  ,    ,       ,         .  ,          (  Rees, Holocaust, . 79).




109


        = 1554/


.            .




110


    Todes-Holzbarake ( ), ,    ,      ,         ( 2,  -  ,   )   1939  (. Emily Carlebach in Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c. 162).




111


Stein, Buchenwald, c. 96.




112


Stefan Heymann in Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c. 253.




113


Nigel Jones, Countdown to Valkyrie: The July Plot to Assassinate Hitler (2008), cc. 103105.




114


Wachsmann, KL, c. 220.




115


Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c. 51; Stein, Buchenwald, c. 119.




116


Hackett, Buchenwald Report, cc. 231, 252253; Wachsmann, KL, c. 220.




117


 ,   Monika Horsky, Man mus Daruber reden. Schuler fragen KZ-Haftlinge (1988), c. 4849,   Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 16n.




118


Stein, Buchenwald, c. 52, 108109;  .192, AWK.




119


     .       .     .    - ,  ,     - (, Chicago Tribune, 29  2001).




120


Hackett, Buchenwald Report, cc. 6064.




121


  ,   Marco Pukrop, Die SS-Karrieren von Dr. Wilhelm Berndt und Dr. Walter Dohrn. Ein Beitrag zu den unbekannten KZ-Artzen der Vorkriegszeit, Werkstatt Geschichte 62 (2012), . 79.




122


      (Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 48)    ,         (weindener und verzweifelter) .




123


     : (Am) nachsten Tag kriege (ich) einen Posten als Reiniger im Klosett, habe 4 Ofen zu heizen Klosett            ,      -   (Stein, Buchenwald, c. 86).   Ofen (  ),  ;  ,        .          ;      1942 ( , . 141).




124


  ,  , LJL;    , 1911;      , SS Carinthia, 2  1936, PNY;   ,   1939 ,  ; .        (  )  1878       1911.  1939     : 373, -.




125


  46/010634, HOI.         ,  , ,     .




126


Wachsmann, KL, . 147151; Cesarani, Final Solution, cc. 164165; Wunschmann, Before Auschwitz, c. 186.




127


    24  1938      16865 (  , PGD).     23  1938 ,   9520       16,     14 (  , PGB).




128


Wachsmann, KL, pp. 181184.




129


Wachsmann, KL, p. . 186.




130


.. ,    , 25  1939, LJW;   , GRO;  ,    , 26  1949, LJL; Nicholas Mark Burkitt, British Society and the Jews (2011), c. 198.  Rakusen Ltd.,    .      : 9, -.




131


 , LJW; Anthony Grenville, Anglo-Jewry and the Jewish Refugees from Nazism, Association of Jewish Refugees Journal ( 2012).       ,      .        ,           .




132


. ,    , 16  1940;  ,    , 20  1940 , LJL.




133


         (.     ).




134


  1939     1235 ,      (Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c.114).




135


     (    )        .     .




136


       1944   .       .




137


 ,  1997 .              ;        ,   ,      ,       .




138


     .       .

		Klick-klack Hammerschlag,
		Klick-klack Jammertag.
		Sklavensleen, Elendsknochen,
		Dalli und den Stein gebrochen.




139


 :

		Klick-klack Hammerschlag,
		Klick-klack Jammertag.
		Sien nur diesen Jammerlappen
		Winselnd um die Steine tappen.




140


    ,    , ,    (Stein, Buchenwald, . 299),    .          . Hackett, Buchenwald Report, . 159, 174175, 234.   ,      ,       .




141


 :

		Klatsch er liegt auf allen Vieren,
		doch der Hund will nicht krepieren!




142


   ,  :

		Es ratter der Brecher tagaus und tagein,
		Er ratter und ratter und bricht das Gestein,
		Zermalt es zu Schotter und Stunde auf Stund
		Frist Schaufel um Schaufel sein grieriger Mund.
		Und die, die ihn futtern mit Muh und mit Fleis,
		Sie wissen er frist nur doch satt wird er nie.
		Erst frist er die Steine und dann frist er sie.




143


Edith Kurzweil, Nazi Laws and Jewish Lives (2004), c. 153.




144


  Arad et al., Documents, cc. 143144.




145


Rabinovici, Eichmanns Jews, .87ff.




146


 , SS Veendam, 24  1940, PNY;   , 1940, NARA;  ,     , 1919, NARA.          .  , ,   , ,   ,   , ,   ( ,   , 20  1899 ,     , IKA).




147


  , 1949, NARA.




148


    , 26  1940,   David S. Wyman, America and the Holocaust (1990),  4, . 1;  , p.v.




149


     ,    ,      .       (   , 1941, DKK),        .




150


Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 69;     1.1.5.3/6283376, ITS;     , 13  1890,     , IKA.




151


     5  1940  (   1.1.5.3/6283377, ITS).




152


Stein, Buchenwald, . 4445, 307; Hackett, Buchenwald Report, c. 34.       ,   .       .




153


Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 47, 49.       , 145.     1938 ,    ,         ,      157. DPP).          , ,  ,  1939    152).




154


    , 12  1908  (   , 68485, AMP).




155


    , , 14  1896 (   , 68488, ).




156


 ,  ,  2,  1.




157


   Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 54.




158


Hackett, Buchenwald Report, cc. 42, 336; Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, c. 55.




159


Stein, Buchenwald ( ), . 78.




160


Stein, Buchenwald, cc. 7879.




161


Stein, Buchenwald, c. 90.




162


Gartner and Kleinmann, Doch der Hund, . 57.        ,   Hackett, Buchenwald Report.




163


  ,      ,               Daily Mail (Peter Gillman and Lenni Gillman, Collar the Lot! How Britain Interned and Expelled Its Wartime Refugees (1980), cc. 7879).           (19361939),      ,            .




164


Roger Kershaw, Collar the lot! Britains policy of internment during the Second World War,     (2015).        (  ),  6700     ( ),  569     .        ,      ,       ,   .




165


Gillman, Collar the Lot!, . 153; Kershaw, Collar the lot!.




166


 ,    , 4  1940 , Hansard, . 364, . 794.




167


Gillman, Collar the Lot!, .167ff, 173ff; Kershaw, Collar the lot!.




168


Bernard Wasserstein, Britain and the Jews of Europe, 19391945 (1999), c. 108.




169


Bernard Wasserstein, Britain and the Jews of Europe, 19391945 (1999), c. 83.




170


  15, - ( , LJL).       4 (  , GRO).    -   1980-.




171


, JRC,     , 18  1940, LJL.     : 57, - .




172


  , JRC, , 7  13 , 1940, LJL.




173


Gillman, Collar the Lot!, cc. 113, 133.     ,   (24  1940, LJL), , ,  ,      .




174


, , . 171.




175


     .                (discovery.national-archives.gov.uk/details/r/C9246:,    30  2017).




176


 ,   , 30  1940, LJL.




177


 ,   , 4  1940, LJL.




178


  ,   JRC, , 16  1940, LJL.




179


 ,    , 22  1940, Hansard,  364, . 1534.




180


 ,    , 22  1940 , Hansard,  364, . 1529.




181


  ,   JRC, , 23  1940, LJL.     16  (  270/00271, HOI).




182


  Jerry Silverman, The Undying Flame: Ballads and Songs of the Holocaust (2002), c. 15.




183


  , . 15.




184


   Hackett, Buchenwald Report, . 169170.




185


  Silverman, Undying Flame, . 15.   ,  ˸-      1942.




186


Hackett, Buchenwald Report, . 42.




187


  ,      20  1940 ,       (   1.1.5.3/6283377, ITS).


