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Π         Russian Faith, Honor& Courage displayed In aFaithful Narrative of the Russian Expedition by Sea In the Years 1769 & 1770 by Rear Admiral John Elphinston, Late Commander in Chief of aSquadron of Her Imperial Majesty Ships and Captain in His Majestys Royal Navy, Compiled from Original Letters, Papers & Journals with an Account of the Treatment, the Author Received from the Court of St. Petersbourg, with Everything that Has Happened to Him since He Left that Court, in order to Obtain Justice from the Empress for His Acknowledged Service (堖).

      ,                 2003. (   2010.)[3 -          : Russian Faith, Honour & Courage Displayed in aFaithfull Narrative of the Russian Expedition by Sea in the Years 1769 & 1770 by Rear Admiral John Elphinston, late Commander in Chief of aSquadron of Her Imperial Majestys Ships & Capt[ain] in His M[ajestys] R[oyal] Navy, Compiled from Original Letters, Papers, & Journals, with an Acct. of the Treatment of the Author from the Court of St. Petersbourg with Every Thing that Has Happened to Him Since he Left that Court in Order to Obtain Justice from the Empress of His Acknowledged Service, 1773; John Elphinston Papers Relating to the Russo-Turkish War, C0951, Box3, vols.14; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.  .   http://pudl.princeton.edu/objects/rf55zb337 .    Box4 (     ,  -  ).       .:  .   https://findingaids.princeton.edu/collections/C0951#arrangement .].  ,       [4 - .    : MacDougall Ph. Islamic Seapower during the Age of Fighting Sail. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2017; Idem. So Complete Was Our Victory! So Complete Their Ruin!: An analysis of the battle of ?esme, 1770// Mariners Mirror. 2017. Vol.103. No.3. P.264281; DownerM. The Queens Knight. The extraordinary life of Queen Victorias most trusted confident. London: Corgi books, 2008; .. ,     ?  -      // , :   . .5.      ...    . , 910 2017. .: . .., 2017. .513519 .  ,               .].

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 1771.      ,   1769.   ,         -   , ,   (it was out of his road),     ,  .        ,              ,    ,      [88 - NLS. MD. Acc. 12686/11 (   .). P.1671.].

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 10 1768. ..          ,     - [91 - .: ..    . : .   , 1897. .1. .544.    12 1768. (. .87. .111119).    24.].            .           .             ..   ,       ,  1769.   . ʠ     - -.                  ,     .

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      9-   (17211776),   ,    (    1745.   )    .         ,   .  1763.           .       ,          :           (      ).       ,    (),      , ,   II,  [111 -      13/24 1771. (  II,       17711774. .3/   ..// . .: . . . , 1874. .13. .188).].     ,       ,        - [112 -       .:        , 1762  1769. .         . .1/ .   . - ..// . .: . . . , 1873. .12;        , 1770  1776. .         . .2/ .  . ..// . .: . . . , 1876. .19.                    : TNA. SP 91/7990;              (NLS. MD. Acc. 12686/ 916).],     17681771.

 -         , [113 -               .      : RichardsonW. Anecdotes of the Russian Empire: In aSeries of Letters, Written, aFew Years Ago from St. Petersburg. London: W.Strahan, and T.Cadell, 1784.], ,     1768.,       .          (,    )[114 - NLS. MD. Acc. 12686/8 (   ).],            -   ,      .    ,   ,      1769.,   1771., ,   ,      .

 1771.    ,   ,     ..,       - (.   .501, 502, 526). ʠ           :           ,      ,    , 1770.       -.     ࠖ   頖1771.   .  ,              ,    :         .            .     1771.  .           1771.   [115 -    : Charles, 9th Lord Cathcart. Particulars addrest to Lady Cathcarts Friends. St. Petersburg [?]: n.p., 1771.],          - .        .      ,   ;      .

   3-   (Thomas Howard, 3rdEarl of Effingham, 17461791),   ,    ,     :      ,         . ,        [116 - FeldhakeH.E. The Lords Effingham and the American Colonies, Effingham, IL: Effingham County Bicentennial Commission. 1976 (  https://archive.org/details/lordseffinghamam00feld ); Goodchild J. Matters of Concern: The Life Story of the Third Earl of Effingham// Aspects of Rotherham: Discovering Local History. 1995. Vol.1. P.99112.   Janet Worrall,      Boston Castle and Parklands,     , , ,      .      (Peter Feek)      .],          ,      .     1770.     ,  ,    ,     .     (    -  24)        ,      ,      .

     ..,  ,    ꠫    .  1763.,  ,      , ,   ,    ,  .     19        ,         .   1768.    (, , )     .    ,   22 1769.    [117 - Salisbury and Winchester Journal. 1769. May 15; The Ipswich Journal. 1769. May 20.].      ,        [118 - . .6. .2 ( ࠖ). .532 (17651771). .15.].  1769.   ,      II[119 -       4/15 1769.TNA. SP 91/82. Fol. 26.].

    ,  , ,     ,    ,     . ,      II       .

    ,  1769.     16 1769.    [120 - . .266 . .]       ,     [121 - Newcastle Courant. 1769. November 25. ,     ,       ,      ..       .].               ,             [122 -  ,    ,             (Derby Mercury. 1769. December 22).     ,      ,       (I went by your Majestys Permission for some Years into foreign parts with aview to improve myself in the study of my profession)The Correspondence of King George the Third from 1760 to December 1783. Printed from the Original Papers in the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle: July 1773December 1777/ ed. John William Fortescue. London: Macmillan Company, 1928. Vol.3. P.108.]. ,   ,              (   ?!..),      [123 - Caledonian Mercury. 1769. November 22; Kentish Gazette. 1769. November 18.].     , -  .. ,    ( )    ,              .

        ,   ⠖   .       ,   ,    (..   ).     ,      ,     ,            , ,        ,       ,      .

19/30 1770.          ,        .        ,      ,        ,  []   [124 -       .  : I so admire her uncommon talents, that regret more than she does herself, the weak condition or want of ardour in those who are intrusted by Her. .6. .2 ( ࠖ). .532 (17651771). .15.].

           ,             ,   ..  ,   .  ,    ,                  .  ,   1770.   ,    -    ,   1770.       .   ,       .. ,    [125 - Gazette dAmsterdam. 1771. 34; Leeds Intelligencer. 1771. June 4.].

          ,  .                     : 1775.          ,      [126 -  ,  ,      ,  ,    .              ,       :   -        ,    ,      ,      (a man of such integrity and ability)The Correspondence of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, and the Rev. William Mason; Now First Published from the Original mss. Edited, with notes by the Rev. J.Mitford. London: R.Bentley, 1851. Vol 1. P.194195; Vol.2. P.281.].                .  1789.      - ; ,  , 1791.   .

            .  ,          1771., ,   ,         ,       .   1772.    ,    ,       ,  ,,       .

    , ,       -,  ,        [127 -        .       ,            .]. ,  ,    1769.  ,      .  ,    -  ,     ,        ,   -    ,   -    ,   - -      .

  ,    ,         ,       ,  ,     ,  .  -     . ,        17691775.         ,       ,   .

       ,   II    .



..




   Ƞ     


   ,      ,    .

 

       1769.,    ,    ,       [128 -              . , ,       ,       .        .: ..      II:      : . . . . ., 2005. .51105.].           XVII.  , , , , 堖   ,   ,       [129 -   , , ,      ,  ,   : .  : XVIII/ . . .   . .:  , 2005. .176241. Π .: FedosovD. Under the Saltire: Scots and the Russian Navy, 1690s1910s// Scotland and the Slavs: Cultures in Contact 15002000/ ed. M.Cornwall & M.Frame. Newtonville, MA., 2001. P.2153. . : ..   XVIII. .: , 2013. Π  .: CracraftJ. The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2004. P.4096; ..      //   , XVIII . =Noord- en Zuid-Nederlanders in Rusland/ .-. .  ();  .  ,   ; . . .. .: , 2004. .290302.].      [130 -  nautical turn   .  (Cracraft James. The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture).]      ,              .      ,   [131 - RyanW.F. Navigation and the Modernisation of Petrine Russia: Teachers, Textbooks, Terminology// Russia in the Age of the Enlightenment/ ed. Roger Bartlett and Janet Hartley. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990. P.75105; Hans N. The Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation (1701)// The Slavonic and East European Review. 1951. Vol.29, no. 73 (June 1951). P.532536.].

 1752.     ,     ,    .    ,        ,      ,    .  ,  , , , ,    [132 - ..          100. .: . . . , 1852. .121.],   .

               .    ,    ,         [133 - ..      II. .5859.].

 ,      ,        .   ,  , ,  ,                 [134 - WerrettS. Perfectly Correct: Russian Navigators and the Royal Navy// Navigational Enterprises in Europe and Its Empires, 17301850. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. P.111133.].

       ,     XVIII.,         . -  ,      ,   XVI., XVIII.        ,     [135 -  , ,  : RomanielloM.P. Enterprising Empires: Russia and Britain in Eighteenth-Century Eurasia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.].     ,    ;      knowledge brokers,      ,    .      ,      [136 - CrossA. In the Lands of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English Language Accounts of the Russian Empire (16131917). Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2014.].          :    ,  ,   ,         .            ,  1715.        ,      [137 - ..      . .297298.].

  XVIII.          (       ),   II         [138 -             ,     . ,   ..,  1772.    5%   . ..      II. .274.].

     II       - ,     .            .            ,            ,         .


    

       II               ,          [139 -  . .5962.].       1760?.    ,  .

 1763.  ,       ,        ,  [140 - Π      1763. .: Bartlett R. Human Capital: The Settlement of Foreigners in Russia, 17621804. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979. ,    1763.   ,     .  .. ,                1763.    (.. . . .62).].      -  ,       1763.,                [141 -    .:       . , 1883. .4. .321332. Π  .:  -    17291796. ., 2019. . II. .2167.  ..   .].       ,    (,    /William Gordon),          [142 -       . .325. ʠ1763.      (Nore) ,        (Thames Estuary and the River Medway).  ,        ,  , , ,   (Chatham, London, Sheerness, Harwich and Humber). .:SchombergI. Naval Chronology, Or an Historical Summary of Naval and Maritime Events From the Time of the Romans, to the Treaty of Peace 1802. London, 1802. Vol.5. P.238. ,      .,      1764.   , 1768. . Π .: . .3. .421.].     ,           [143 -  .. .: . .:. ., 1885. .48. .565;       . .327.].

,       , ,     .       -     (          1730.)[144 -   .: ..   .  -  1758. .:  , 2019. .575577; HendersonT.F. Browne, George, Count de (16981792)// Dictionary of National Biography, 18851900. London: Elder Smith & Co., 1886. Vol.7. P.45.]. ,    ,   ,             (  .. ,    ,   ,   ),    ,        [145 -   (      . .326, 330332).]. ʠ 1764.            [146 - ..      II. .64. . : CrossA.G. Samuel Greig, Catherine the Greats Scottish Admiral// Mariners Mirror. 1974. Vol.60. No.3. P.252.     , , ,    ,    ,         .].    -  II  ,       (   ,   - ). Ƞ     ,  ,              [147 -   (      . .321, 324).    ,       ,  , ,      ,           : Valin Ch. Fortunes Favorite: Sir Charles Douglas and the Breaking of the Line. Tucson, AZ: Fireship Press, 2009. P.17.]. , ,  ,   ,    ( ,   )   ,   ⠫  蠫 ,      ,  -  -      (      )[148 - II.. (      . .321).].               .

   1764.,       -              ,    .   ,  ,     75,      1764 1774.,  [149 - ..      II. .68. .    55 (.  : XVIII. .202).         -  17681774.   ,    7 1771.  11   : [.]        17711793/ . . .//  . 1863. 10. .1116.].

  ,   .. , .. ..- ,         .     ,    ,   ,    ,  ,    ,         [150 - ..      II. .6768.].

,   , ,              :         .   .

,           ,        ,         ,  ,        ,   [151 -       . .321.].       ,         1760?.   :     ,       ,             ( ,   ,     [152 -         ,    ,    ,          (      . .326).]).            ,       ,        ,     ,     [153 -  .]. ,     1769.  ,       ...

       ,         . ,     ,    ,   ( ..,  , , ),    . ʠ    1773.      ,        ,      ,            ,  .      .

    ,      ,     :   ,           .      ,    , ,    ,     [154 -  . .322, 324, 330.].

  ,  ⠫   .., ..-, .., ..  , ,  ,      ,            .    XIX.   .            ,          ,      ,     (    ),        ,   ,  ,               ,      (.561).      ,           ,   ..  -    ,      [155 - . . . .35/6. .217.  ..  II. .91; . 220.  .. ... .23.].

              ,             ;       - .  ,     ,           600   ꠫    [156 -       . .338339.   ,     800      -;  ,    ,    180 .            ,              ( . .339340).].               ,  ,          . ,   ,        ,        17631764.

         ,            . ,        . ,     (1759.)          ,     .       ,   ,  ,   ,     ,          .    ,               .  ,        ,         ,    1/8 ,     [157 - RodgerN.A.M. Honour and duty at sea, 16601815// Historical Research. 2002. Vol.75. Issue190. P.438439.       .: KempP. Prize Money: A survey of the history and distribution of the naval prize fund. Aldershot: Wellington Press, 1946. P.1617.].     -   ,        .      ,         (. 239240).

         ,    .      ..,   1764.    ,     .    1788.  ,      [158 - CrossA. Samuel Greig, Catherine the Greats Scottish Admiral// Mariners Mirror. 1974. Vol.60. No.3. P.251265.]. ,          , ,            ..         .         .     ,                    - [159 -         ,  .  1780?.    : Admiral Elphinston first taught the Russians to fight at sea, but disagreeing with Spiridov, so that they thwarted each other in all their notions, Count Orlov perceived that it was absolutely necessary to take the command of the fleet upon himself, which he did, and then depended totally upon the counsels of Greig, who was Captain of his ship. This is aknown fact to all that were there and nobody disputes it, so that whatever naval transactions passed in that war belong to Greig. . : CrossA. Samuel Greig, Catherine the Greats Scottish Admiral. P.254255.].      ,      󠖠!       (,  ,       !). ,  ࠖ ,      1764.,           , ,     .

         (,  ),   .      .      . 1769.,       ,    1770.     ,        , 1771.   ..    .    1799.,       -[160 - . .4. .613614.].

         ,        .   ,           ,        ,   蠫 .    ⠫       [161 - ,         ,     .  ,       ,  ,     -,    ,         , ,   ,    .  ,     ,      ,   1736.      .   ,        .]   .  ,   40    .,      ,           .      ,       40,       .   ,   ,          ,        .     (, ,  .),    (.418419),     .

    ,        ,                         .      , ,  ,     ,        ?        .

 ,                 (.478).     ,   ,  ⠫      .     ,         .  ,     ,     ,     ,    .       ,     ,      ,     (.419).

 1771.        ,     II.     ()[162 - .  : XVIII. .210.      ,  ,        XVIII.].   ,      ..-,          ,  ,     .

        .      ,      .            (17521756).  1765.     ,   -  , ,      -  [163 -   .: Naval Chronicle. [London], 1799. Vol.1. P.89123.]. 1770.    ,      1771  1774.

            -.      ,      -            [164 - Naval Chronicle. 1800. Vol.2. P.265266, 269; Admiral Knowless first Memorial to Her Imperial Majety after his arrival at Petersburg (National Maritime Museum, LBK/ 80. Fol. 12); .  : XVIII. .210.].    -         .  1772.     ,           ..[165 - Naval Chronicle. 1800. Vol.2. P.275280.].

Ѡ      .      ,    ,                  [166 - Naval Chronicle. 1800. Vol.2. P.271; . : .  //  . 1849. .2. 8. .509527.].           ,       [167 - Clendenning Ph.H. Admiral Sir Charles Knowles and Russia, 17711774// Mariners Mirror. 1975. Vol.61. No.1. P.4546; .  . .517.].

 ,       , ,  ,     ,             1774.  -.        .  ,           ,      [168 - Naval Chronicle. 1800. Vol.2. P.280281; Clendenning Ph.H. Admiral Sir Charles Knowles and Russia, 17711774. P.47.].     ,        ,  ,      ,           [169 - .: .  . .513514.].         . ,      .


 Ƞ

               .  ,     ,       ,      ,    ,         [170 -    (carelessness or ignorance)      .].       ,         ,     ,     ,       .      ,   ,            .     ,        ,      .

           ,          [171 -           . ., : WerrettS. Technology on Display: Instruments and Identities on Russian Voyages of Exploration// Russian Review. 2011. Vol.70. No.3. P.380396; RyanW.F. Navigation and the Modernisation of Petrine Russia: Teachers, Textbooks, Terminology// Russia in the Age of Enlightenment: Essays in Honour of Isabel de Madariaga/ ed. Roger Bartlett and Janet M.Hartley. Basingstoke: MacMillan Press, 1990. P.75105; Idem. Peter the Great and English Maritime Technology// Peter the Great and the West: New Perspectives/ ed. Lindsey Hughes. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001. P.130158; MorrissR. Science, Utility and Maritime Power: Samuel Bentham in Russia, 177991. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2015; ..      (    ). .; .:    , 1936; Robinson E. The Transference of British Technology to Russia, 17601820: A Preliminary Enquiry// Great Britain and Her World, 17501819: Essays in Honor of W.J.Henderson. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1975. P.126.].              .          ,         .   ,    ,      (shattered condition),   ,    ;      ,       .   ,     ,    ..,            ,         .         , ,        ,                (.125).

  , , ,     , ,      ,        ,    ,   ,    .

   ,  , ,   :    -   ,   .       ,  ,   ꠫  ,              .      ,       , ,  ,      (, ,      ,      !).

                   (.128).              backwardness (.., ),     , ,     .

    .    ,   ,      ,   ,    .

        XVIII. ide fixe ,      XVIII.򠖠        .   ,   ,    ,  ,    XVIII.     ,        [172 - ClarkG. Naval Blockmaking in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries// Mariners Mirror. 1976. Vol.62. No.2. P.137144; HaasJ.M. The Royal Dockyards: The Earliest Visitations and Reform 17491778// The Historical Journal. 1970. Vol.13. No.2. P.191215; Idem. A Management Odyssey: The Royal Dockyards, 17141914. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1994.].

      ,          .   ,           .  , ,    ,           .     ,  ,     , , ,          ,       ,      .      ,         , technical drama,      [173 - WerrettS. Technology on Display: Instruments and Identities on Russian Voyages of Exploration. P.381.];      .

              ,        (wooden rigging blocks)        (.133)[174 -      .: DickinsonH.W. The Taylors of Southampton: Their Ships Blocks, Circular Saw and Ships Pumps// Transactions of the Newcomen Society. 1958. Vol.XXIX. P.169178.].

Ѡ        .     ,    -,     ,      (  ) ,      .       , ,               [175 - ,     ,  1768. , ,    , ,  ,      43,5   4,          .          1770.,        ,           XIX. (Oertling Th.J. Ships Bilge Pumps: A History of Their Development, 15001900. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1996. P.5661).].        (.212)       .          ,       ,      , ,     (.93).

     , ,              ,   - .    . ,       -   .              ,      ,            ,          .               . ,         ,    ,       [176 - WerrettS. Perfectly Correct: Russian Navigators and the Royal Navy. P.111133. .   : MorrissR. Science, Utility and Maritime Power: Samuel Bentham in Russia, 177991; Clendenning Ph.H. Admiral Sir Charles Knowles and Russia, 17711774. P.3949.].


  

                ,       .  -             ,           [177 - ..   II. .210214.]. ..,      , ,   12 200,    ,   4516,   ,       [178 - ..       17691774// :  12 . .:- .  , 1959. .10. .89.].

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        XVIII.  .  1740?.   ,            [181 -     ,  ,      -,      .         ,     .   ,      1955,      145. Π  .: WilliamsG. The Prize of All the Oceans: the triumph and tragedy of Ansons voyage round the world. London: Harper Collins, 1999. Π .: McBrideW. British Treatment of Scurvy// Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 1991. Vol.46. Issue2. P.159; LincolnM. Representing the Royal Navy: British Sea Power, 17501815. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002. P.162163.].

 XVIIXVIII.  scurvy (,  )     ,        :  ,  蠫,     [182 - ChartersE. The Western Squadron, Medical Trials, and the Sick and Hurt Board during the Seven Years War// Health and Medicine at Sea, 17001900/ ed. by David Boyd Haycock and Sally Archer. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2009. . 22.].

  XVIII.            ,    ,  ,         .    ,  ,     ,       ;   ,       .      ?        .    ,        ,       ,    [183 - ZuckermanA. Scurvy and the Ventilation of Ships in the Royal Navy: Samuel Suttons Contribution// Eighteenth-Century Studies. 1976/1977. Vol.10. No.2. P.222234. ,   ,  -   1769.,        ,      .].

          ,       ,   ,   ,    .  -    ,   ,      ,      .     refreshments (      )        ,  ; ,    refreshments     ,    [184 - ChartersE. The Western Squadron, Medical Trials, and the Sick and Hurt Board during the Seven Years War. P.23.].

  XVIII.         .   ,            ,  ?       ,    810       (c.148).            ,        (c.148).

             ,         XVIII.  .         [185 - McBrideW.M. Normal Medical Science and British Treatment of the Sea Scurvy, 175375// Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 1991. Vol.46. No.2. P.158177.   ,         ,      ,      . .: Bartlett R. Britain, Russia, and Scurvy in the Eighteenth Century// Oxford Slavonic Papers. 1996. Vol.29. P.2530.],          [186 - McBrideW.M. Normal Medical Science and British Treatment of the Sea Scurvy.].             .   ,      ,    蠫    ,         (,  ).

               ,  ,  ,  ,   [187 - Π  .: ChartersE. The Western Squadron, Medical Trials, and the Sick and Hurt Board during the Seven Years War.],    .

   , ,           ,   ,            [188 - LincolnM. Representing the Royal Navy: British Sea Power, 17501815. P.163.].

 ,   ,    ,     ,        . ,     ,         ,             ,     [189 - Π  .: CookH.J. Practical Medicine and the British Armed Forces after the Glorious Revolution// Medical History. 1990. Vol.34. No.1. P.126; RodgerN.A.M. Medicine and Science in the British Navy of the Eighteenth Century// LHome, La Sant et La Mer: Actes Du Colloque International Tenu ?lInstitut Catholique de Paris Les 5 et 6 Dcembre 1995/ ed. by Christian Buchet. Paris: Honor Champion diteur, 1997. P.333344;    .: LincolnM. Representing the Royal Navy: British Sea Power, 17501815. P.164167.]. ,               ,  sago.       ,    ,   (Jesuits bark),       ,     (Apothecary Hall),       .

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    ,     ,     ,     ,   .        (17261806)  ,   ,   .              ,      1780.,      .  1783.  ,                    [194 -    ,     ,    ,        ,/     ;          . .: [. . ], 1783.   .: BartlettR. Britain, Russia, and Scurvy in the Eighteenth Century. P.3034.].

     ,       , ,  .              ,  :             ,   [],       .             ,    ,    100       (c.244). ,       ,      [195 -  . .579.].


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   ,     ,               ,   .  ,        ,   ,      ,         [213 -   1720. .IV. . 8:            :  8-;    12.  :   40     ,  40     ,    ,     ,      . :    10,    15.  ,      ,       󻠖-1. ., 1830. .6. .58.].

  , ,    ,       ,    [214 - 砖    .    ,     17681774.        1720. (. IV, IV Π; .V Π  (젖   - 10-       ⠖ 10-); .V, .VI Π    ).   XVIII.     .              ⠖.: Burchett J. A Complete History of the Most Remarkable Transactions at Sea. London, 1720. Preface; . : BaughD.A. British Naval Administration in the Age of Walpole. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965. P.112113, n.72; McLeodA.B. British Naval Captains of the Seven Years War: The View from the Quarterdeck. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2012. P.145. Π     .: LeikinJ. Prize law, maritime neutrality, and the law of nations in imperial Russia, 17681856. Ph.D. diss. University College London, 2016. P.135178.].        ,  ,     ,   ,     ,  .

,      .       [215 -   (Earl of Rochford, William Henry Nassau de Zuylestein, 4thEarl of Rochford, 17171781),   . Ѡ1768  1775.      .]              .    []   ,    , ,  ,   :            ,   , ,   ,   .         , ,      ,    ,            [216 -   (Stephens Philip, baronet, 17231809)     17631795.]:          ,    [217 -   (Hawke Edward, 1st Baron Hawke, 17051781),    1766  1771.   . Π .: MackayR.F. Admiral Hawke. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.]  [218 - Board of Admiralty   ,      ;     1628  1964.        - .     ,     .     .: BaughD.A. British Naval Administration in the Age of Walpole. P.2992.]          (Flag Officer)  . -      ,        ,          .    -        12.  17.

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ߠ          .            ,   ,    , , 22,          .     ,     (taste)[270 - ., ,        1785. ( XVIII.  / . , .  . ... .: , 1989. .361363);   (An English Lady at the Court of Catherine the Great: The Journal of Baroness Elizabeth Dimsdale, 1781/ed., with an introduction and notes, by A.G.Cross. Cambridge: Crest, 1989) .].

 -   ,    ,   , ,       .  ,     ,    ,     .      ,   ,  .  ,    ,   ,      ,      ,    ,  .       ,   , ,    - ,  ,        ,      .     ,     ,      .        .

        ,   ,    ,   ,    ,         . Ѡ   - .  ,    , ,   ,    . ߠ, ,     ,       ,   ,    [271 -  ,   II    22/1.]   .  , ,    ,  : ,       . ߠ, ,   ,  ,       ,           .     ,     .

   .  ,    ,     ;    ,            (  ,  ,     ,     ).       ,     ,       ,       ,      .  ,   ,        .

  ,     []  ,   ,        . ߠ   20,  ,      .    , , ,       ,       ;  ,   .

ߠ     -   ,     ,      , ,      .   ,      [272 - Π  ..  .     I  ,    : ..         ,     .   ... 1760./ . ..//  , 1882. .35. 11. .313320; .. ,             [. , ., . ., .,  . .., ..]. .: , 2015.].

    ,   ,  ,      ,    ,    . ߠ    :       ,      ,       . ,    ,   ,       ,  ,       20[273 -        -  (., :  . .212. .4. .57. .203205 ).  ,    ,   - ., ,     ,   : Ӡ  ,         <>    ,         ,   ,      (. .11. .765). Π       ,   17711774.,        (., : ClendenningPh.H. Admiral Sir Charles Knowles and Russia, 17711774// Mariners Mirror. 1975. Vol.61. No.1. P.3949).].

    ,         .         ,    ,        . ߠ      .

        -   ,    . ߠ  ,          ,  ,        ,           ,  .    ,      ,         .        :



Monseigneur,

   ,    ,          ,    .          ,        .   ,            ,  ,     .  ,        [274 -   -  24/4 1769.:   -   <> ,  ,   ,      -     ! (. .11. .391).    . :  . .212. .4. .57. .215218, 229231, 325 .]. ߠ                ;    ,      ,    84-,        .    ,          ,  ,     ;              ,         .

  (master)          ,    ,      ,      ,             *[275 - Ѡ        : . .11. .391392.].

ߠ      ,   , ,         ,     ,          .   ,  ,    ,     .    260- [276 - , ,   .],    ,  ,   ,     .           ,       4000,    ,    10 000   ,   *[277 -   : ʠ ,   ,        (. .11. .391).].

[ :] *  ,    ,    ,          ,       ,        3    *.

   ,    .      ,  ? -       .

    .   ,     ,  ,      .. ߠ  ,       .       - [278 -  :      1       (. .11. C. 392;  ).].          ,          .

   ,          ,         ;      ,       ,   ,     :    젖    ?[279 -  () ,     ,    XVIII.     ,    .       ,   II (. ).           ,  ,  -    ,          (TNA. SP 97/46. Fol. 127131o; .: AndersonM.S. Great Britain and the Russian Fleet, 176970// Slavonic and East European Review. 1952. Vol.31. No.76 (Dec.). P.162).] ߠ        ,   .

,  ,       ,  12?    []      ,    [280 -     :     ( )   (. .11. .392).]    .

,       , ,   ,     ,     .

         

..

   

. 3/14 1769.


     Providence & Nancy,     ,   :



Monseigneur,

          ,    .        .     ,          -  ,  ,  ,  ,  [281 - ..   .]    .

   ,        ,    ,   ,   ,            .

    

..

   ,  4/15 1769. [282 -  : . .11. .392.]


-      [   .]     ,    . ߠ     ,   ,     [.. ]   ,   , ,        ,      .  [ ,   ..[283 -    (17411812),     ,     (1762  1766   1769.),  -   .        ; ,     ; 1772.          (. .11. .450451; . .12. .49). Π         . .. 1797.   - (. : . .2. .391393).]]      . -           ,       .

        Providence and Nancy;   , ,  ,    ,  []  [284 -  ,     ,    ( )       ,         , -    -     ,   (.  :  . .189. .1. .3).]    ,  ,   ,      .

    ,   .  ,    ,   ., ,     ,   .      ,         -,,     ,     ,       .      -,  ,       ,    .    ,    ,           [ .],     ,     [285 -      (masters)   ,      (    ),    ,       (    1733  1741.   ).],   ,       ,     .

         (     )           ,       .

 ? ,    .     , ,       ,  ,    [286 -    : . .11. .393394.]:



Monseigneur,

    ,           ,          .,    ,   ,  ,   ,      ,     .     ,      ,    ,    ,   ,    ,        ,      .        ,            . ߠ - [287 -  ,   (.11. .393),      (17371777) ,  ,    . Π.. .: . .2. .209210; . .91. ,   ,  1769. ,   .,         .]               ,   ,     .

  ,  ,    ,    ,    .

 蠫       ,     ; ,        ,         .

ߠ   ,         ,     ,            ,    ,       .   -    .

   ,       ,  , ,     .         ,     ,                ,   ,         [ : ][288 -    ( 4, 3, Π   )     28 45  ( 655   ,     400,9 ). .    1750?. (   ),     (Victualling Board):     7  7  (450  4,5 ), 4 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 12  (RodgerN.A.M. The Wooden World. P.8283).].        ,      ,           ,     .

ߠ        -     ,   ?      ,    .

          

..

    [9/20 1769.[289 -   : . .11. .393.]]


    ,       ,  ,     -     [290 -    (17221784), , 1762. -, 1763  1773. -, 1773  1774.   .    .     ,  ,   Zacarich.].    ,     ,   24  -   ,    [-]    [291 -    (  , 17401817), ,       17601761. (..  -    . .: . ., 1884. .87). Ѡ13 1769.   - 3?   ⠫  .     .   31 1773.        (  .:   . 17621801/ .  . .. .:   . , 1904. .2. .8384; ,  ,        ..).]    ,    ,      .

   ,              .     500 100,    ,      ,             [292 -       ., : ..  -    . .8397.   ( 21)  -    1 1770. .:  . .189. .1. .3. .1.]. ,  ,   648.



- 5/16 1769.

,   ,   3? 4?  .       ,  , ,  . ߠ           ,    ,         .

  , ,     ,       ,      ,   ,    [ ].

     , ,    

 

  - .


   ,   ,  , ,   -   ,      ,    , ,         ,      ,        . ߠ          ,     .

ߠ   500[293 - 500頖  :        II  600,   ࠖ480 (.: ..  . .111).]     [294 -    (. . 1732 1783),        ,  1746.  , 1751., 1764. -;   ࠖ5 1769.,        1 1770.  17691770.   ;     .    29 1776.    (. .2. .330332; . .135).] [295 -    (. . 1731.  1775),    (1746),  (1762), 30 1769.   , 17701771.   ; 17731774.   .   1775.       (. .2. .178179; . .80).]   ,     ,   ?       ,      .

    ,      ,  .       ,             ,    .    ,            ,    .          .      ,         ,    .   ?       ,    810      . ߠ       ,       ,       ,        ,   ,      [296 -   -  31 1769.  :                     ,     , ;              ,     ( . .212. .4. .57. .219.), 1 -           ( . .222, 223, 226).].          (under-officers)[297 -   :  .].

    , ,    ,     :



Monseigneur,

ʠ          ,      (,   ,     -),     ,   ,     ,     .            ,      .    ,      ,     ,     ,    .         .     -  ,   ,   ,      .         (cabin windows),  ,  ,       ,       [298 -  -           ( . .212. .4. .57. .297).].

       ,       ;      ,        ,   .

  [!]-   ,     ,  ,   . ,  ,      ,        ,       .

    ,   [ ] 40[299 - Ѡ     : -  ,   ,   ,     ( . .189. .1. .3. .81; .   -: . . 846. .16. .1860, 1948).]   [300 -            -  ,     ,   ,       ( . .189. .1. .3. .35).]  ,          80  ,    [301 -           :       <>     ,   , ,             ,  ,      ,        <>,       .      ࠖ3 ;  -ࠖ2 ; , , 젖 1 ( . .189. .1. .3. .79).].

      ,    ,   ,    ,         . ߠ    ,    ,   ,  ,       []     .    ,   ,   ,  [302 -    (. . 17291797?),   , 1743.   , 1745.         , 1766.  .  17701771.   , 1772. ;  -    1773.       .  4- .    1782.    .  .   .  1766.    160  (. .2. .6668; . .23; .   . .1. .:-. - .. ʰ, 1914).] [303 -    (. . 1731),    1766.   , , ,   50 (. .2. .148150; . .66).] ,    ,    ,      .

 ,      -   ,    ,          .      ,   -  ;       ,       .

               ,        ,       . ,  ,            ,           .

          

..

   

, 15/26 1769.


     ,   ,   ,      ,         ,        ,  ,     ,    .      ,             ,       -      ,    .      ,   ,    ,     24.

ߠ      ,       ,      :



   - ,    ,   

                 ,     ,            ,     ,      , -,       ,   [304 -  ,  ,         ,    ,   ,         .],        ,      ,           ,   ,      ,             ,        ,      , []               ,   ,       ,  ,      ,               .       ,          ,         .

    ,          ,           , ,         ,      9-         ,      ,     ,        ,                 ,       ,            ; [     ]      ,       ,       .

Ƞ      -   ,              ,   ,    ,    ,      .         ,    ,       .        8,   .

  15/26 1769.

..

  ,    [305 - .       .:  . .189. .1. .9. .8.9.].


,           ,        ,   .     . Ӡ      ,      ,  .

     , ,   ,   ,        [306 - 1315/2426 1769.  ,    蠫    ; 19/30       .    -. 20/1 -        .      (. .11. .443444).].           ,   ,      ,      [307 - 19/30 1769.     ..:            ,   ,            -,       ,   ,     ( . .189. .1. .9. .11).]. ߠ  -,    .

     ,     ,     .   ,   ,     ,    .

  [ ]   ,  [308 -  -  1769.     ,        ࠖ51 ,   110,          ( 1769. .197).].   ,  [309 -  : 20/1     ; 1769.   15;        .    29/10.]  ,          1500 ,   ,   ,         1500    200  .  [310 -   ,    ,  .      4  .    , 5 53    ,   .     1419  ,  ,  .     2-    (頖 ,   ),      , ,  (., .  , . XVIII.. 1917.: -/  . . ..; . -  . .: , 1994. C. 53). . : .., ..  컻  //  .    . .1. ., 2000.]       [],      []  ,       :     .    ,      .       ,       ()        ,      ,        ,   []    (stage box)[311 -    ,     (.   ). ,    state box,  kings box,   -,  .],    ,    ࠖ    ,    .

ߠ      ,        .        [312 - 22 (. .) 1769.    - Armide et Renauld ( )   ..  . (.: .. , ,    XVIII XIX. .:  , 2004. .245).].      ,  ,     ,  ,    , ,  ,           [313 -    (. 11 1758.)   1 1769.     (. .11. .605).           5 1770. (. .5. .401402).    .  .25.] ,      [314 - ,   ,  14? , 1769.      .].

 ,    ,       ,        ,  .     []   ,   ,    (dulcimer),   ,   . ߠ: . , , ,      .      ,    ,   ,    ,       .  10   ,      [315 -  -   23 1769. :                  ,      ,           -         ( 1769. .199).].

   ,    .  ,       ,    ,       ,    .



  - 

       3000 (600 )[316 -           24 1769. (. .1. .362).]     400  (80 ),        ,          ,      .  ,        ,    ,        ,      .

: .

 - 22 1769. (. .)


           ,       ,     . ߠ   ,     ,           ,        [] .         .  [317 -    (17391798) 1756.     ; 17631768.  ,   ,   - . ,       , .. ..    .  17691775.     (1775.   ).    -  (1789)      (1797),   (. .2. .184187; . .121; . .82).]          ,  40 000     .

     -   ,  ,    .      ,    ,           .   [318 - ,  -   25 1769., .   II:  . .179. .1. .147. .216.;  . .148. .280310 (      ), . 367380     .      .: . .11. .402405.        ,  ,    . ʠ     ,     ,     ..,     ,   , ,  II    ( . .179. .1. .147. .178;   ).]:



        , , .

 - 

     ,      ,                ,    ,         ;                 ,                .

            ,         ,        ,                .

       ,        -     ,              ,    .

          ,              ,              ,                ,      ,           ,   ,      , ,  ,  .

       ,                 ,         ,     ,  ,  ,            .                   ,        .       ,      ,      ,     ,            ,       .

          .

    .          ,         ,    ,        ,       , ,      .

      ,  .

Ѡ     , ,              ,         ;   , ,   ,    .

     ,          ,                ;         ,           . , ,       ,         ,           ,         ,       ,     ,    ,          ,          .      ,                 .                  ,       ,      ,    , ,    .  ,    ,                  ,        .       ,               .

          .        [319 -    (17271811) 17671773/1774.      .],     [320 - Ӡ: Plenipotentiary Minister.     1766  1771.    . Π .:    16672017/ . . ... .: , 2016. .6676.],  .          , , ,   ,        , ,  ,   [321 -     ., : ..    .  -  XVIII. 17001775. .:, 1995; ..  - , 17681774.//   . 1996. 1. .5076.],         ,       ,   ,        .

           ,     ,  ,    ,  ,    ,  ,        .

      ,                   ,      ,       .

   ,      ,           ,      ,    ,      [!]       ,     ,  ,         .

    ,   ,      .     ,          , , -,   ,        ,      ,         ,             ,        .  ,                 .

       ,              ,      ,        ,     .

             , : ,  ,        .

,     ,       ,          .        .      .

Ѡ      ,        ,  ,        ,    ,   ,             ,        .

      .      ,   ,    ,        .  ,              ,  , ,     ,          .           ,   ,   ,           [322 -  ()  (1730?10.07.1801  1799), .  - 10 1768.                . Π :  . .5662, 227273 .; ..    XVIII    (17301799),     .  // 1000 :     . .:- , 2018. .130149.],            .

Π ,       ,  ,         [323 - .: ..        . .:  ( ʰ), 1865.]. ,             ,       ;    ,           ,     , ,                  ,          ,      ,  ,  ,    ,        .

       (privateers),   ,   ,      ,  ,   ,     ,         ,             ,  ,   ,    ,        ,       ,         .

 ,       [324 -    ,  1769.         .      ,   .   .: TalbotM. Ottoman Seas and British Privateers// Well-Connected Domains: Towards an Entangled Ottoman History/ ed. Pascal W.Firges et al. Leiden: Brill, 2014. P.5470.]  -            ,          ,   ,   ,   ,          .

        ,        .      , ,      .

      ,                   ,            ,                ,               .

 ,                 , : ,  ,  ,    ,   ,           .

 ,                , ;    ,        ,                ,         ,                ,                     [325 -      : ,  ,  , :     ,  ,    ,           ,         ,   ( . .179. .1. .147. .12; . .11. .404).  ,      ,         ...].

  ,                  (. : -)  ,                 ,    ,  ,   ,      ,      ,     ,            ,    .

  ,           .

      ,      ,                 .

     [326 -   XVIII.        .             ,  ⠫  (      ).  ,  ,         ( )  ,        ,    .       ,      ,     ,       . .: Kulsrud CarlJ. Maritime Neutrality to 1780: A History of the Main Principles Governing Neutrality and Belligerency to 1780. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co., 1936. P.156202.  ,  ,      ,    .        ( ),          ,,         . Π    .: TalbotM. Ottoman Seas and British Privateers P.5470. Π  .: LeikinJ. Prize law, maritime neutrality, and the law of nations in imperial Russia, 17681856. P.112113.],       ,   ,     ,           ,    ,       [327 -     1766. ,    ;   II      .],         ,   ,          ,     ,            ,   ,       ,     ,         , ,     ,       ,       ,           ,   ,    ,        ,    ,       [328 - .. ,     . ,          17691774.;         ,       .    ..    6 1769.: ,             ;   ,   ,   ,    (  . II    ..-/ . ...// . .: . , 1867. . I. .19).]   ,  ,        .

            .

       ,       .

    ,           ,  ,  ,                      , ,        ,   , ,       : ,   ,      .

       ,               , ,         ,        ,                  ,    ,       , ,             ,    , , ,      ,         .                               ,      ,    ,       ,    ,            ,        ,                .

      ,          ,       ,         ,                .


    ,  ,       ,      ,    ,        ,     ,         .



    ,             []     ,          ,     ,           .

        (40  ),              ,     2  65[329 - .:  ..     20.  [ ], 18.  22 137  .    (..  . .210).].

                  ,  ,  ,      ,       .

              ,        ,  ,         ,           .

         ,           [330 - Π .:  . .7678.]. ,                ,       .     25 1769.



: 

Redim[331 - ,   redessin  rediss廠, .]  

Collationn avec lOriginal [332 - .:  .]Andre Nabocov [333 -   ,     .]


  ,      ,             ,     ,                  ,      .

  ,   [334 - : . .11. .374.]:



      []        - .                       .                      , ,   ,           ,            ,                  .


    -,             ,       . ߠ   ,       ,        ,          .         ,     ,   ,    . ߠ       48- ,   -  ,   .

10/21[335 -       9/20.]    .        :

 ,     ,  頖66-頖512 .

⻠ , 66-, 512.

 , 66-, 512.

໠ , 32-, 220.

໠ , 32-, 220.

⻠14-, 60.

., ,    , 6-, 25.[336 -  .   12 (  ,  9).          ,        .  1770.      . (      St.Paul);   . .  .   1772.   .]

The Providence and Nancy,  .

  ,  ,  ,          ,    . ߠ     ,  ,  []   ,    ,  ,         ,      20  ,     .    .

             .  ,    ,        ,      ,      .  10     -,    .    ,              (e  ,      ).  12      ,      蠫  ,     ,       ,      .   ,     ,    ,     .    ,   ,  .

-  ,        ,   ,       ,     ,     ,     ,      10    ,    ,     ,     .

13/24 []      []     .    [337 -     ,    1   - ..,        堖11/22 (. .11. .444).],  . ߠ    ,     ,  ,     ,     ,      .        ,    (freshwater sailors) - ,      .       ,  ,   ,    ,         ,      ,         .

     [..]       ,   - 堖  ,     (   ),   ,       4[338 -  48, ..  120!] . ߠ  [339 -   ( ) ( , , MacKenzie, Thomas .  1740.,   10/21 1786.),  (        -).    (1765.),   - (1783.). Π .: ..   . : -, 2001.]   ,  ,  ,   ,  -  (  ,  [340 -  , ,  ...]) ,   , [341 -    .]  .    ,     65 ;     ,     ,     54 .         ,  ,   , ,       ,           [342 -        18 1769.   : . .11. .410411.].   ,    ,  ,        ,           ,      ,  ,  ,   ,    ,      ,     ,    ,    . ߠ      ,   .   ,     ,  : ! , ,   ,     -,     -,  ,   .         ,   ,     .          ,    ,    ,   ,     .

ߠ  ,   ,    ,    ,     ,      .    ,   ,   ,    ,       [ ],   ,     .     , ,  -     ?  ,    ,     ,   ,  ,         ,   .         , ,     ,      - -, , ,        , ,           ,   ,     ,    , ,           . ߠ ,   ,   ,   , ,     ,    ,       . ߠ    , ,   ,     ,        ,   .    ,      ,   ,           .       , ,        ,   .

     .

  ?   ,   ?       [] ,    ,  ,    .

18 []   Providence & Nancy    , 20?       . ߠ       - [343 -    (17321811),    ,      .. ; 1766.    .  1768.   .    -  ,     1770.  . Ѡ1774  1796. ,  .   1796. I  ..         .],  Ee    .      ,     ,   [344 -    ,  21/1 1769.,  (. . . .54/1. .214. 2.).],       :



 . , 19/30 1769.

   [345 -  ,    (. .11. .413414).    ,  ⠫ ..]

Monseigneur,

ߠ  ,            ,   ,       ,   .  蠫   11?          .  ,    ,  蠫 ,        .

,   ,       ,    ,     . ߠ       1           ,   ,    .                 .    , ,    .      WSW,  ,   ,    ,  ,  2  ,         30.        ,   ,   ,       ,  .,  ,      ,       .

ߠ        ,      ,        ,  ? ,       ,  ,   ,     ,           .     ,   ,     ,          .       ,    .

ߠ       ,  ?  ,     ,        .             36[346 -      :        60 .].

ߠ           ,     ,    . ߠ        ,    ,    ,    ,     . ߠ       [347 -   .    .: . .11. .410411.], ,  ,     : 젖 ,  .

-         ,       * ([  :] *       ,            ,      ,    ,    ,      *).        ,      ,     ,        [].          ,   .

ߠ      ,         ,   [348 -        :  ,      蠄,      , ࠄ  ,      ,         , ,      ,    ,   , ,         (. .11. .417).].

  

..


      , -        ;   [349 -            . Π    .: ..  . .216219.].    ,       ,       ,              2     ,     .

   ,     ,    ,         .

26[350 -      27.]        .,       .            .           .       ,     ,   ,  ,      ,     [351 - ..,    ,     ,    24/4 1769.    ,        :      .             ,    ,         , ,     ,   <>    ...  , , ,    ,        ,          ,      ,     .     ,      ,        .   ,  ,    ,          ,   ,   ,    .  ,       ,      ,     ,       , , ,       . ,            ,       ,        ,    ,     ,    ,           ,     ,      ,        ,      . ʠ     -   ,  ,    ...     ,   ..   -         <>,   ,        ,       ,     ,        .          ,       ,       ,     (. . . .54/1. .152. .179179.).]. ߠ    ,  ,    :



   [352 - : . .11. .414415.]

 .  26 1769.

Monseigneur,

Ѡ      19?   ,      ,          ,     ,       ..           ,     .

         ,    ,   ,     ,           ,     - ,     ,     ,   .

  , ,         -,          ,    ,    ,           ,        .

 ,           6,      ,      ,   ,  50,      ,   512.             [353 - , ,      ,       (.:  ).].

 9,    ,       ,       ,   .      ,     .  ,      ,     .

ߠ   ,            ,  ,   ,    ,    ,        ,    ,   .

   .

..


       ,          [354 -        2058.38? Dannish current Rix dollars ().    .:  . .189. .1. .1. .2525.]. ߠ    [],       , ,  ,       ,    ,      [355 - 31/11 1769. ..  :           [],          (. . . .54/1. .152. .181).       ,                   ,  ,      ,       ,           ,,     ( . .91.).      c 11 1769.     ,     (Admiral Elphinston being obliged to wait for the remaining part of his squadron, came here afew days ago from Elseneur. He was yesterday presented at Court, and has received the highest Marks of attention from every body hereTNA. SP. 75/122. Fol. 236).]. ߠ  [356 - VII (. Christian VII; 17491808),    14 1766.,    1808.     ,    .  1770.         ,   1770  1772.      .OakleyS.P. Christian VII// Dictionary of Scandinavian History/ ed. Byron J.Nordstrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986. P.6970, 562564.],       .     .           ,    , ,   [357 -     - (17001770),  VI,  VII. , ,   ,   V     . ,   VII        ,  1808.,    ,    VI.]   ,    ,   30.  ,    ,        ,    (carver)  ,    , ,          ,   ,   ,    60   , 50 .     ,     (Public Days)[358 -       ,         Public Days (ConsettM. A Tour Through Sweden, Swedish-Lapland, Finland and Denmark In aSeries of Letters. London: J.Johnson, 1789. P.141).].

        ,       [359 -    (. Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, . Caroline Mathilde; 22 1751, 10 1775, ),    III,    VII   VI. ,       ,      .] (    ),            8 .           ,        ;    10 15.

  ,   ,                 .        [360 -   -  28 1700.       28 1769. : This being the Birth Day of the Queen Mother who enters into her 70th Year, it is to be observed as usual at Court (TNA. SP 75/122. Fol. 246).],        .    ,     ,           ,     .

  ,   ,     ,     ,     .      ,        ,     .        ,       ,      ,   .   . ߠ ,   [.. ]    -    ,    .    :



. 9/20 1769.[361 - .    ( . .179. .1. .148. .421428  21 1769.; . .11. .419421).]

Monseigneur,

ߠ   ,          蠫,  ,       .          ,    700         ;   ,  ,      ,        ,   ,     ,  ,          ,        ,  ,     [362 -  : round house abin;     .  堖 1769.     -  ;                   ( . .212. .4. .57. .276277);                ,        , - 5/16 1769. ,       ( . .212. .4. .57. .276277 .). ,     ,     ,     .],       ,      [] ,         ,    ,    ,        [363 -        -. 21/2 1769.        1  (. 254); 25 -     ,  ,      ,       ,  , -    ,   ,    - ; 28   :    ,      ,      -,    - ; ,   ,        ( . .212. .4. .57. .254, 261, 276277, 282). , ,  ,     !].    ,   ; ,   ,  ,   ;         ,     ,        .  ,       :  ,         ,     ,       ,    .      23    [364 - ..         23. Π     .. 14/25:  ,    23 ,                  ;    ,         ,       (. . . .54/1. .152. .182).],      .     ,     - ,     ,        .

[]     2,   ,    .       *. [ :] *     ,     ,       *. ߠ        .     -  ,   ,      ,    ,  ,    , ,      ,   ,        ,   .

          ,     . Ѡ            ,       ,        *,         ,      . [ :] *   ,     ,     ,    ,  ,       *.

ߠ  ?    ,   -     .    , ,    ,     ,     ,   .      ,          ,           ,   ,        ,         .    300 ,       ,            ,  ,    .   [..         ],         .

    

..


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Ӡ  300   ,       ;    ,     .

  ,      ,   ,    14    ,         .  ,        [ ]     . Ӡ     ,         .

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  ,         ,,   ,      ,       ,      ,      . ,      ,      [ ], ,      ,      ,   [    ]    . ߠ      ,  , ,         ,     .    ,    ,     ,      ,     [365 -    ..      : 16?   NW    ,    5 <>    ,    ,        ,  ,    ,    ,   9    ( . .575).],         11,    ,            ,  ,      .    ,     ,     , ,    ,      ?   ,    [366 -       1763., ..     .        ,  1775.       .]. ߠ  ,        ,   ,      .      ,  (master)      [  ]. ߠ,    ,     -  ,    .  ,   ,    .  ,     ,     ,  ,    ,    ,     .      ,         ,     .

   .    ,   ,  ,    ,    蠫,   . ߠ,     ,      ,    ,          .       (drams) ,    .       ,   .     , , ,   ,   ,     . Ѡ ,    ,  ,     ,   ,   ,  ,     [].

    ,      ,    ,      .      ,     ,      .          , ,        ,   ,    [367 -     26 1769. , :                 ,     ,    ,         ,      ,   ,  (  ),          ,  ,      ,      ,        ,    .      ,   , ,       ( . .189. .1. .9. .1919.).].

Ӡ   ,    ,    .  ,      ,     ,        , ,   ,        .         ,     - ,          ,   -,         ,     ,   []      .      ,   ,   ;             ,        ,        .



[,    ][368 -   :  . .189. .1. .9. .20.]:

 -      [ ]

      ,   ,      ,        ,          ,     ,       ,      ;    ,      ,                    .

   1/[12]  1770.

        

..

  [] .


   .     [369 -      .   24/5.],        ,     21.        .

     ,      .    ,      ,    ,       .

   [370 -   :  . .189. .1. .9. .1717.]:



   - 

        -      ,    ,     ,          ,      [371 - C-,       .]  ,         ;  ,      ,    ,   ,            ,   ,   ,    ,          ,            ;            ,         ,      ; ,      ,     ,          -     ,   ,  ,     ,    ,         ,     ,      ,   ,       .

      

26 1769.

..

    .

       .



 .  25/5 1769.

   .

Ѡ ,     ,      ,     ,  ,   -[372 - -蠖     .],     .   ,        .     ,   90- .       [sic!] [373 - ,      ., -,    , .],  ,    . ߠ          .    .

..



   

 . , 26/6 1769.[374 -  : . .11. .421.]

Monseigneur,

    ,      ,       . ߠ   ,      ,    .     300 [ : 370]        .

ߠ  ,      . Ѡ          ,        ,            25.

    ,      ,     ,   ,    , 14  ,    ,    ,     ,       , ,     ,  .

ߠ    ,    -. ,   蠫,     ,     17. ࠫ       ,  ,      [375 -      ... .:  . .575.].

  

..



  - 

  1/12 1769.

        ,    ,       ,        ,      .      ,      174 [] ,   ,       ,    200.   ,           ,         ,      ,      .

  . ߠ   ,  , ,  ,      ,   ,    [376 -  ,  .      ,    ,         .      ,      (. . . .36/1. .308. .55.).  17701771.         (  .  .476477).],  ,      .    ,    ,    , ,   . ߠ -       ,   .

,     , , ,    .  ,   , ,     ,         , ,         ,     ,    ,    , , .   



..



   

 .  1/12 1769. [ : 1770.]

 ,  ,  ,     ,   [] ,     ,   ,       . ߠ    [] ,   . ߠ    ,     . ߠ,        .

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        , ,     ,   ,   .    ,            ,               .

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..

PS ߠ    ,       ,       .


     ,    , ,      .       ,      ,    ,          .    , ,   ,    . ߠ -   , ,       ,        9- ,      ,      .    ,  ,     ,    .         ,    ,     .  5          ,    ,   ,     .     ,       ,          -  ,      ,       ,    .  ,        ,   .



 ,   , 1/12 1769.

   .

Ӡ   ,     ,      ,   ,      . ߠ  [378 - Westley William () 2 1769.   -        ; 26 1770.    ; 1771.          (.:  . .189. .1. .4. .3, 4; .190. .1. .5. .55.).    Authentic Narrative,  ,        (.    /  ..//  . 1914. .382. 5. .153).],   ,      ,  []  . ,  ,      . Ѡ     .

   ,   

 ..


   ,              (navigators),       ,     , 6/17      堖 , , , , ,  .,  Providence & Nancy.   .  3   ,     ,     ,      ,    . ߠ       [ ],  .  ,   ,     ,    , ,       .             .        ,            5   ( 24!). Ѡ7?  12/23 []         ,      ,  ,                 2/3    ,    ,      ,    . ߠ     -     ,            .

13/24      ,        .       ,  -     ,    ,    ,    ,      -.  2  []       . ߠ    ,  ?    ,    ,       .    ,      ,        .   .     ,          ,    .    ?   ? ,       . ߠ  ,    ,  . ߠ    젖     ,   .        ,    ,   -     ,      ,       .  ,      (  ,    ,       )    ;   7       .     ,      .      ,    ;   ,    .

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 ,        .      ,     ,     ,       .      ,      -     .    3,   .

15/26    SbW,     ,     , e      .       ,     , ,     ,   .

     ,     ,     ,    ,   . ,  ,    [] .     ,  ?        [, ].     18/29[].       [379 -     (Yarmouth).      : Leostoff, Lestoff, Lowestoff;    .     Leostoff Church.],       ,        .         ,   ,   ,     .  10          , ,       . ߠ   ,    .  ,     ,    ,  50,    ,  []     .

ߠ     ,      ,       ,    ,      ,  ,     ,    . ߠ       ,    ,     ,     .  ,   , ,       [380 - ,  ..      ,          ,  17 (. .)  -          ,   -    (. .11. .445).   22           .  ,           (.:  . .580).].

      [381 - 18      . 21      -,     1770. (. .11. .445).].  3       ,     ,     .  -[382 - -   (17301817). Ѡ  1765.   1768. ( ) ,     (17681769)         ,          ,   1769.    - -   ,   -,     ,        (  12/23 1769.;    5/16 1779.).   ..-  .: .. Ӡ .   XVIII. .:  , 1996. .3435 .; ..     XVIII. : .   , 1897. .2. .4142, 387390 .],      ,          ,         .

            -[383 - Beachy Head,     .],     .    . ߠ  ,     -,       ,        WSW.    ,      .  8   [384 - Dunnose     .]     5.  6       .

21/1 1770.          ,         ,   ,      ,     ,    ,           ,    ,    ,   . ߠ,              [],    .   ,        2 . ߠ  :    ,   : ,    . Ѡ      *, ([  :] *      *),    ,   ,       .    ,    .

      ,       (N. seas)      .

ߠ     (nsign) . ߠ , ,      ,  -  13,   ,    11.

    ,      -:



 , , 22/2 1770.

,

,      ,    ,     ,      [  ]  , ,      ,    .      ,        ,    , ,  -     ,   .  ,   ,      ,      .  ,   ,            ,      . ߠ   ,   ,         ,    ,        . ߠ,       [385 -  堖Royal Hospital Haslar ().]  ,   ,      ,       150 ,    ,       ,    .

  

..

[386 -   ..-      ..,         : ,     ,    ,     ,      ,  ,    ,  , ,   ,             .    ,    ,   .   , , []        ,   ,       .   ,        . ,      ,         .   ,     ,    ,  ,         .   ,     , ,    ,              . , ,                 ,            (. . . .35/6. .231.  - ..   1770. .33.).].


       ,   ,   .            :



-. 20/1 1769. [387 -    :  . .179. .1. .148. .314317.]

ߠ, ,  ,         19 26  . ߠ    ,  ,       ,      .

  ,   ,    ,                 ,    ,          ,     .               ,    ,    ,  8  10           ,      -  ,        .

   ,        ,  蠫        ,  ,         ,           .  , ,     .   ,    ,  ,     ,   ,     . [] ,      , ?    ,  ,               [388 -  -      .:  . .179. .1. .145. .8284.].            ,      .

ߠ        ,  , ,     ,   ,  ,   ,  ,    ,  , ,    ,   ,   , ,    ,      .   ,        ,      ,      ,        ,  ,    .

 ,      ,       . ߠ ,    ,  ,  .        ,       .      .

ߠ , , ,     ,      ,     ,              .         ,     ,        ,           ,      .

ߠ          ,  

 . 


      -    ,  ,           ,    .       .



 . . 23/3 1770.[389 -      : . .11. .531.]

   .

Monseigneur,

ߠ    ,     ,         ,   ,      ,        , ,  .    ,    ,     The Providence & Nancy,  ,    .          ,  ?        -     .      ,        ,    -, ,     , ,       .      ø, ,            ,  ,      ?     (anchoring ground).        ,    .

  12/23,     ,    . , ,             ,   蠫       ,      ,   ,    11     ,        ,    -    .       ,  ,    ,     .    ,        ,    .          , .         .         ,     ,      ,     .       ,   (       )       ,       .





  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=51828735)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


AndersonM.S. Great Britain and the Russo-Turkish War of 176874// English Historical Review. 1954. Vol.69 (270). P.44.




2


..⠖..-. . . . .36/1. .262. .2627.




3


         : Russian Faith, Honour & Courage Displayed in aFaithfull Narrative of the Russian Expedition by Sea in the Years 1769 & 1770 by Rear Admiral John Elphinston, late Commander in Chief of aSquadron of Her Imperial Majestys Ships & Capt[ain] in His M[ajestys] R[oyal] Navy, Compiled from Original Letters, Papers, & Journals, with an Acct. of the Treatment of the Author from the Court of St. Petersbourg with Every Thing that Has Happened to Him Since he Left that Court in Order to Obtain Justice from the Empress of His Acknowledged Service, 1773; John Elphinston Papers Relating to the Russo-Turkish War, C0951, Box3, vols.14; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.  .   http://pudl.princeton.edu/objects/rf55zb337 .    Box4 (     ,  -  ).       .:  .   https://findingaids.princeton.edu/collections/C0951#arrangement .




4


.    : MacDougall Ph. Islamic Seapower during the Age of Fighting Sail. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2017; Idem. So Complete Was Our Victory! So Complete Their Ruin!: An analysis of the battle of ?esme, 1770// Mariners Mirror. 2017. Vol.103. No.3. P.264281; DownerM. The Queens Knight. The extraordinary life of Queen Victorias most trusted confident. London: Corgi books, 2008; .. ,     ?  -      // , :   . .5.      ...    . , 910 2017. .: . .., 2017. .513519 .  ,               .




5


      ()    ,       ,  ,          .




6


 XVIII.       11.




7


        XIX.




8


     -;    .  .




9


Π   .: The Elphinstone family book of the Lords Elphinstone, Balmerino and Coupar/ ed. W.Fraser. Edinburgh: [Printed by T. and A.Constable at the Edinburgh University Press], 1897. Vol.12.          . Π : BlackG.F. The Surnames of Scotland. Edinburgh, 1996. P.244.




10


      ,     ,   (DownerM. The Queens Knight. The extraordinary life of Queen Victorias most trusted confident. London: Corgi books, 2008. P.36).




11


CharnockJ. Biographia navalis; or, Impartial memoirs of the lives and characters of officers of the navy of Great Britain, from the year 1660 to the present time; drawn from the most authentic sources, and disposed in achronological arrangement. London: R.Faulder, 17941798. Vol.6. P.358361. .        ,  .




12


 - ,        ,     .




13


         .        ..       .;              ;   ..-    . ..   9/20 1769.:                      ,   ,  ,     <>.    .  ,         (. . . .35/6. .217. .91).     , ,     ,       ,       (. .220. .23).




14


  , ,         .   ,       (15811585)     :           ,   ,  , ,   ,           ,   -  .       ,   ;     Gabriell Elphingsten,    ( .  , XVI. XVII. [. ., . 546, . . . ..]. .:- , 1990. .106107).        ,      I.  1694.   - ()      (. . 16901695. .:, 2014. .245).  ,         .  ..   .




15


                 ,   .




16


NLS MD. Acc. 12686/10 (  ). Fol. 782 (  3/14 1769.).




17


       . ,        ,         ,  ,         . ߠ,       ,     ,            ,    (NLS.MD. Acc. 12686/5 (  ).   ).




18


.: . .11. .: .  -, 1886. .380382.




19


     ,    1769.       .




20


. .11. .527529.




21


     .., ... .: . .11. .550; .., .., ..  .    . .:, 2011 (堖 ). .580.




22


. .1. .236.




23


.: Russia under Western Eyes, 15171825/ ed. Anthony Cross. New York: St.Martins Press, 1971; A People Passing Rude: British Responses to Russian Culture/ ed. Anthony Cross. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2012; MaliaM. Russia under Western Eyes: from the Bronze Horseman to the Lenin Mausoleum. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2000; .   :     . .:  , 2003 .




24


      ,    .




25


      ,     ,   ,  (JEP. Box1. P.5664).




26


   II:  7- ( 1772  1773)/ .  . ..-// . .: . ., 1904. .118. .511 ( ).  ..   .




27


 ,   -           (. .157167).               28/10 1773. (. .1. .236). . : . . . .35/6. .585. .4141.




28


    ,       ,         (DownerM. Op. cit. P.29).     17871788.   : , , , ,    (National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, MSS/84/191).




29


        ,   .            Authentic Memoirs of the late Sir Samuel Elphinstone,      ,     (.: Walkers Hibernian Magazine, or, Compendium of Entertaining Knowledge. Dublin: R.Gibson, 1790. Part 2. P.307309).            . ,     -   (Knight Commander of the British Empire, KBE):        .




30


 ,    1788   1789. ; ⠫      1790. (. .5. .402).




31


DownerM. Op. it. P.30.




32


. .5. .400402.   15 1769.  (Plymouth& West Devon Record Office Collection. F.166/6/a. P.77). . ,    -  1788.   ,    ,   ,    1?  1805. (CrossA. The Elphinstones in Catherine the Greats Navy// Mariners Mirror. 1998. Vol.84. No.3. P.277). ,   .,   -,  1769.      .       ,  .




33


. .5. .401402; CrossA. The Elphinstones in Catherine the Greats Navy. P.277.




34


Cornwall Family History Society. FP63 1/24. 1243.




35


           ,           ( ),        [ ]       ,   ,   ,     -,    ,  6   -,    35,     (JEP. Box4.  ).




36


OByrneW. A Naval Biographical Dictionary Comprising the Life and Services of Every Living Officer in Her Majestys Navy, from the rank of Admiral of the Fleet to that of Lieutenant, inclusive. London: Murray, 1849. P.337.




37


          ..,        (  / . . ... .: . .., 1903. .7. .192194.     .  .. . , . 500502).




38


Translation of the copy of an office from the Minister of Finances to the Chief of His Majestys Naval Staff, dated 18 July 1824. JEP. ox 2.   .




39


    .: JEP. Box2.   .




40


     1836.        I,      -     .




41


 ,    ., ,  -    ,       (DownerM. Op. cit. P.3537).




42


..  //  . 1820. .3. 5. .3381, 184216.; .   176974//     . .:  ., 1849. .VII. .230401; ..     . Ѡ17691774. .: . ., 1866. .1; ..    // . .:, 1994. . XIV. .28; ..   .  . 1897 (); .    . .: .  1885; ..         1769.//  . 1900. 1. .5588; 2. .3168 (.  1944.) .




43


.., .., ..  .    . .:, 2011 (堖 ); ..   II.     . .:, 2015; ..     II. , , . .: , 2007; ..  :    : , , . .: , 2015; ..     // . 2014. 80 .




44


[..]   - ( ) ..//  . 1849. .II. 1012. .645660, 715730, 785827; //    : , , . .: . 1994. .88124 (    ).

..     . 17401830/ . .//  . 1889. .63. 9. .481517.

          .:  . .561700.

[..].            17691770//  . ., 1772. 1. C. 1921.

..                  - ,       1772. .: [. . . ], 1773.

..    ,   , , , ,   ;  , ,      ,  . .: .      , 1786 (.  . : ..   II. .327368).




45


.-. .     ( 1770  1772).    .;  . ..//  ..  II. .267326.




46


,         젖  .315 (:     ). .2. .43.




47


. .846 ( - ). .16. .1860; .1948.




48


Scots Magazine. 1770. September 1; Weekly Magazine. 1770. October 18.




49


 : An Authentic Narrative of the Russian Expedition against the Turks by Sea and Land. London: [?], 1772.           ,       (.    /  ..//  . 1914. .382. 5. .153); . ,       (.  : XVIII/ . . .   . .:  , 2005. .207).     , ,   , Authentic Narrative      ,     ,,   .




50


       2 1771. ,         ,        ,    (       II. (. 3: 17691772)// . .: . .., 1913. .143. .320).




51


Un diplomate fran?ais ?la cour de Catherine II, 17751780. Journal intime du chevalier de Corberon, charg daffaires de France en Russie, publi dapr?s le manuscript original, avec une introduction et des notes par L.-H. Labande. Paris: Librairie Plon, 1904. T.1. P.204205;  : .-.  // .  . .:  , 2003. .115.




52


.: Rulhie?reC.C.de. Rvolutions de Pologne. 4d., revue sur le texte et complte par Christien Ostrowski. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Fr?res, Fils et C-ie., 1862. T.3. P.140, 148, 200, 221.




53


Authentic Narrative. P.160.




54


 1783.       .. .   9/[20]  1783.  :   . ,     <>,     (II ...  . 17691791. . . ... ., 1997. .181).     - :     ,  [,     ,   ...]    (. .182).




55


 :    ,    ,  ,         ;                 廠II .., 29 1773. (   II// . .118. .511;    .: ..    . .:, 1994. .XIV. .28. .368).




56


., ,  ..,        1771.: . .1. .368369.




57


     ..,           1770.  ,                 .




58


ʠ, ..          ,        ..       (17691774). .; ., 1945.




59


..  .     (19701977)   ..: 24 (5) 1770. ,   ()  .., [],    .      .    26 (7)   1770.    . [] ..  []      .  177173  []  .   ,        , 1774   ( .   http://bse.uaio.ru/BSE/2402.htm ).




60


., : ..  :    : , , . .: , 2015; .., .., ..  .    . .:, 2011. .479.




61


Un diplomate fran?ais ?la cour de Catherine II, 17751780. Journal intime du chevalier de Corberon. P.204;  ..,     ,  .: .-.  // .  . .:  , 2003. .115.




62


Rulhie?reC.C. de. Rvolutions de Pologne. 4d., revue sur le texte et complte par Christien Ostrowski. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Fr?res, Fils et C-ie., 1862. T.3.




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         . ., : AksanV.H. Ottoman Wars 17001870: An Empire Besieged. Harlow: Pearson/Longman, 2007; SoucekS. Ottoman Maritime Wars 17001914. Istanbul: The Isis Press, 2013. P.3545; AktepeM.M. ?esme Vakasi// T?rkiye Diyanet Vakfi Islam Ansiklopedisi. 1991. Vol.8. P.288289.




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,   ..,       , ,     ,    27, ,   <>      7090 .    ,  ,     蠖2427 . ,    ,        (..     // . 2014. 80. .27).           .     ,      16 , 6    ,     1300 (SoucekS. Ottoman Maritime Wars 17001914. P.40).   ,      15kapak (   ), 6   (ZorluT. Innovation and Empire in Turkey: Sultan Selim III and the Modernisation of the Ottoman Navy. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 2008. P.10),    ,     10  (I?ipekA.R. 1770 C?es?me Deniz Savas?i: 17681774 Osmanli Rus savas?lari. Beyog?lu, I?stanbul: Denizler Kitabevi, 2006. P.268). . : YenerE. Ottoman Seapower and Naval Technology during Catherine IIs Turkish Wars 17681792// International Naval Journal. 2016. Vol.9. No.1. P.415.




66


..  :        ,        (. .XI. .550). ,        ..,   .. ,  ,  ,          ... . .; .: .-. -, 1944. .33; ..  . .196.  ( )        XIX.: .   176974//     . .VII. ., 1849. .230401.




67


Π  .: WillisS. Fighting at Sea in the Eighteenth Century: The Art of Sailing Warfare. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2008.




68


..     . .28;  .      XVIII XIX// . 2014. 82. .79.




69


..     . .499.




70


Annual Register. 1770. P.36.




71


         ,   1770      //  . 1853. .9 (4). .272277.




72


.  ..: ., .    . :    , 2012. .103.




73


         28 1770. ( . .189. .1. .3. .149149.).          ,  29,      (General Evening Post. 1770. September 25; Scots Magazine. 1770. September 1).




74


   :       ,   20,    (a broad round head)     ,    . , ,   -,           ,     (at pleasure).     ,     , ,   ,  ,      (.500501).




75


   .  . : . ., 1886. .54.




76


.  . . .: [. . ], 1772. .19.




77


..   .  . 1897 (); ..  .




78


  .     ,   1770?.: TthF. La guerre Russo-Turque (17681774) et la dfense des Dardanelles. Lextraordinaire mission du baron de Tott. Paris: Economica, 2008. P.7590.     ,     ?    : Bruce of KinnairdJ. Travels to discover the source of the Nile in the years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, and 1773. Edinburgh; London: Printed by J.Ruthven, for G.G.J. and J.Robinson, 1790. Vol.1. P.2829.




79


      ..:  ,    ,     :      ,   ,      ,  ,       ,    ;   ,      ,          ,            ([..]  . .124).




80


  1773.     ,    ,       20 (!),  ,        .       (. .1. .385386).




81


 ,     []  40 60   200,  ..  :      ,  :   ,   ,   ,     ;         (.417).




82


Π,  ..   , .:  . .283330, 445476.




83


. . . .36/1. .262.  .. ..-. .19.20.




84


.  :       XVIIIXIX. .:, 2014.




85


     12 1771. (  II,       17711774. .3/   ..// . .: . . . , 1874. .13. .144).




86


                  ,      ,            (.136).




87


.. ,      ..,      . .: ..       17691774/ .:  12. .:- .  , 1959. .10. .16, 51 .




88


NLS. MD. Acc. 12686/11 (   .). P.1671.




89


. : ..  ..     XVIII.  ̠//  . .745758.




90


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       ( ;  17001787),  ,     1737. Π .: . ., 1913. .25. .129.




263


.   - ,  19/30   ,          ; 21/1     ,   ,           ( . .212. .4. .57. .194200). 24/4 1769.              (  II,      // . .: . . . , 1872. .10. .356357), 3/14    ..    (     ,    ;   , ,     ,    .  . .361).




264


    11/22  , 19/30  ,   ,  ,   . .. ,         ,      (..  . .213215).




265


 -        22/3 1769. ,             ,  ,   ( . .212. .4. .57. .281282). Π      (. )     .




266


 -  1769.  6/17 ,    -      ,     43 ( 1769. .179180).




267


   (17101774),   , , -, -  .




268


    , ;     ,    .    1777.   -, ,  ,         (17281788), 1763.     .




269


       ,       1759.       -  (    ).   1760.,       .   1763.       . .: StaceyC.P. Quebec, 1759: The siege and the battle. Toronto: Macmillan, 1959; BaughD.A. The Global Seven Years War 17541763. London: Routledge, 2014.        . .  1760.   Richmond.




270


., ,        1785. ( XVIII.  / . , .  . ... .: , 1989. .361363);   (An English Lady at the Court of Catherine the Great: The Journal of Baroness Elizabeth Dimsdale, 1781/ed., with an introduction and notes, by A.G.Cross. Cambridge: Crest, 1989) .




271


 ,   II    22/1.




272


Π  ..  .     I  ,    : ..         ,     .   ... 1760./ . ..//  , 1882. .35. 11. .313320; .. ,             [. , ., . ., .,  . .., ..]. .: , 2015.




273


       -  (., :  . .212. .4. .57. .203205 ).  ,    ,   - ., ,     ,   : Ӡ  ,         <>    ,         ,   ,      (. .11. .765). Π       ,   17711774.,        (., : ClendenningPh.H. Admiral Sir Charles Knowles and Russia, 17711774// Mariners Mirror. 1975. Vol.61. No.1. P.3949).




274


  -  24/4 1769.:   -   <> ,  ,   ,      -     ! (. .11. .391).    . :  . .212. .4. .57. .215218, 229231, 325 .




275


Ѡ        : . .11. .391392.




276


, ,   .




277


  : ʠ ,   ,        (. .11. .391).




278


 :      1       (. .11. C. 392;  ).




279


 () ,     ,    XVIII.     ,    .       ,   II (. ).           ,  ,  -    ,          (TNA. SP 97/46. Fol. 127131o; .: AndersonM.S. Great Britain and the Russian Fleet, 176970// Slavonic and East European Review. 1952. Vol.31. No.76 (Dec.). P.162).




280


    :     ( )   (. .11. .392).




281


..   .




282


 : . .11. .392.




283


   (17411812),     ,     (1762  1766   1769.),  -   .        ; ,     ; 1772.          (. .11. .450451; . .12. .49). Π         . .. 1797.   - (. : . .2. .391393).




284


 ,     ,    ( )       ,         , -    -     ,   (.  :  . .189. .1. .3).




285


     (masters)   ,      (    ),    ,       (    1733  1741.   ).




286


   : . .11. .393394.




287


 ,   (.11. .393),      (17371777) ,  ,    . Π.. .: . .2. .209210; . .91. ,   ,  1769. ,   .,         .




288


   ( 4, 3, Π   )     28 45  ( 655   ,     400,9 ). .    1750?. (   ),     (Victualling Board):     7  7  (450  4,5 ), 4 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 12  (RodgerN.A.M. The Wooden World. P.8283).




289


  : . .11. .393.




290


   (17221784), , 1762. -, 1763  1773. -, 1773  1774.   .    .     ,  ,   Zacarich.




291


   (  , 17401817), ,       17601761. (..  -    . .: . ., 1884. .87). Ѡ13 1769.   - 3?   ⠫  .     .   31 1773.        (  .:   . 17621801/ .  . .. .:   . , 1904. .2. .8384; ,  ,        ..).




292


      ., : ..  -    . .8397.   ( 21)  -    1 1770. .:  . .189. .1. .3. .1.




293


500頖  :        II  600,   ࠖ480 (.: ..  . .111).




294


   (. . 1732 1783),        ,  1746.  , 1751., 1764. -;   ࠖ5 1769.,        1 1770.  17691770.   ;     .    29 1776.    (. .2. .330332; . .135).




295


   (. . 1731.  1775),    (1746),  (1762), 30 1769.   , 17701771.   ; 17731774.   .   1775.       (. .2. .178179; . .80).




296


  -  31 1769.  :                     ,     , ;              ,     ( . .212. .4. .57. .219.), 1 -           ( . .222, 223, 226).




297


  :  .




298


 -           ( . .212. .4. .57. .297).




299


Ѡ     : -  ,   ,   ,     ( . .189. .1. .3. .81; .   -: . . 846. .16. .1860, 1948).




300


           -  ,     ,   ,       ( . .189. .1. .3. .35).




301


          :       <>     ,   , ,             ,  ,      ,        <>,       .      ࠖ3 ;  -ࠖ2 ; , , 젖 1 ( . .189. .1. .3. .79).




302


   (. . 17291797?),   , 1743.   , 1745.         , 1766.  .  17701771.   , 1772. ;  -    1773.       .  4- .    1782.    .  .   .  1766.    160  (. .2. .6668; . .23; .   . .1. .:-. - .. ʰ, 1914).




303


   (. . 1731),    1766.   , , ,   50 (. .2. .148150; . .66).




304


 ,  ,         ,    ,   ,         .




305


.       .:  . .189. .1. .9. .8.9.




306


1315/2426 1769.  ,    蠫    ; 19/30       .    -. 20/1 -        .      (. .11. .443444).




307


19/30 1769.     ..:            ,   ,            -,       ,   ,     ( . .189. .1. .9. .11).




308


 -  1769.     ,        ࠖ51 ,   110,          ( 1769. .197).




309


 : 20/1     ; 1769.   15;        .    29/10.




310


  ,    ,  .      4  .    , 5 53    ,   .     1419  ,  ,  .     2-    (頖 ,   ),      , ,  (., .  , . XVIII.. 1917.: -/  . . ..; . -  . .: , 1994. C. 53). . : .., ..  컻  //  .    . .1. ., 2000.




311


   ,     (.   ). ,    state box,  kings box,   -,  .




312


22 (. .) 1769.    - Armide et Renauld ( )   ..  . (.: .. , ,    XVIII XIX. .:  , 2004. .245).




313


   (. 11 1758.)   1 1769.     (. .11. .605).           5 1770. (. .5. .401402).    .  .25.




314


,   ,  14? , 1769.      .




315


 -   23 1769. :                  ,      ,           -         ( 1769. .199).




316


          24 1769. (. .1. .362).




317


   (17391798) 1756.     ; 17631768.  ,   ,   - . ,       , .. ..    .  17691775.     (1775.   ).    -  (1789)      (1797),   (. .2. .184187; . .121; . .82).




318


,  -   25 1769., .   II:  . .179. .1. .147. .216.;  . .148. .280310 (      ), . 367380     .      .: . .11. .402405.        ,  ,    . ʠ     ,     ,     ..,     ,   , ,  II    ( . .179. .1. .147. .178;   ).




319


   (17271811) 17671773/1774.      .




320


Ӡ: Plenipotentiary Minister.     1766  1771.    . Π .:    16672017/ . . ... .: , 2016. .6676.




321


    ., : ..    .  -  XVIII. 17001775. .:, 1995; ..  - , 17681774.//   . 1996. 1. .5076.




322


 ()  (1730?10.07.1801  1799), .  - 10 1768.                . Π :  . .5662, 227273 .; ..    XVIII    (17301799),     .  // 1000 :     . .:- , 2018. .130149.




323


.: ..        . .:  ( ʰ), 1865.




324


   ,  1769.         .      ,   .   .: TalbotM. Ottoman Seas and British Privateers// Well-Connected Domains: Towards an Entangled Ottoman History/ ed. Pascal W.Firges et al. Leiden: Brill, 2014. P.5470.




325


     : ,  ,  , :     ,  ,    ,           ,         ,   ( . .179. .1. .147. .12; . .11. .404).  ,      ,         ...




326


  XVIII.        .             ,  ⠫  (      ).  ,  ,         ( )  ,        ,    .       ,      ,     ,       . .: Kulsrud CarlJ. Maritime Neutrality to 1780: A History of the Main Principles Governing Neutrality and Belligerency to 1780. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co., 1936. P.156202.  ,  ,      ,    .        ( ),          ,,         . Π    .: TalbotM. Ottoman Seas and British Privateers P.5470. Π  .: LeikinJ. Prize law, maritime neutrality, and the law of nations in imperial Russia, 17681856. P.112113.




327


    1766. ,    ;   II      .




328


.. ,     . ,          17691774.;         ,       .    ..    6 1769.: ,             ;   ,   ,   ,    (  . II    ..-/ . ...// . .: . , 1867. . I. .19).




329


.:  ..     20.  [ ], 18.  22 137  .    (..  . .210).




330


Π .:  . .7678.




331


,   redessin  rediss廠, .




332


.:  .




333


  ,     .




334


: . .11. .374.




335


      9/20.




336


 .   12 (  ,  9).          ,        .  1770.      . (      St.Paul);   . .  .   1772.   .




337


    ,    1   - ..,        堖11/22 (. .11. .444).




338


 48, ..  120!




339


  ( ) ( , , MacKenzie, Thomas .  1740.,   10/21 1786.),  (        -).    (1765.),   - (1783.). Π .: ..   . : -, 2001.




340


 , ,  ...




341


   .




342


       18 1769.   : . .11. .410411.




343


   (17321811),    ,      .. ; 1766.    .  1768.   .    -  ,     1770.  . Ѡ1774  1796. ,  .   1796. I  ..         .




344


   ,  21/1 1769.,  (. . . .54/1. .214. 2.).




345


 ,    (. .11. .413414).    ,  ⠫ ..




346


     :        60 .




347


  .    .: . .11. .410411.




348


       :  ,      蠄,      , ࠄ  ,      ,         , ,      ,    ,   , ,         (. .11. .417).




349


           . Π    .: ..  . .216219.




350


     27.




351


..,    ,     ,    24/4 1769.    ,        :      .             ,    ,         , ,     ,   <>    ...  , , ,    ,        ,          ,      ,     .     ,      ,        .   ,  ,    ,          ,   ,   ,    .  ,       ,      ,     ,       , , ,       . ,            ,       ,        ,    ,     ,    ,           ,     ,      ,        ,      . ʠ     -   ,  ,    ...     ,   ..   -         <>,   ,        ,       ,     ,        .          ,       ,       ,     (. . . .54/1. .152. .179179.).




352


: . .11. .414415.




353


, ,      ,       (.:  ).




354


       2058.38? Dannish current Rix dollars ().    .:  . .189. .1. .1. .2525.




355


31/11 1769. ..  :           [],          (. . . .54/1. .152. .181).       ,                   ,  ,      ,       ,           ,,     ( . .91.).      c 11 1769.     ,     (Admiral Elphinston being obliged to wait for the remaining part of his squadron, came here afew days ago from Elseneur. He was yesterday presented at Court, and has received the highest Marks of attention from every body hereTNA. SP. 75/122. Fol. 236).




356


VII (. Christian VII; 17491808),    14 1766.,    1808.     ,    .  1770.         ,   1770  1772.      .OakleyS.P. Christian VII// Dictionary of Scandinavian History/ ed. Byron J.Nordstrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986. P.6970, 562564.




357


    - (17001770),  VI,  VII. , ,   ,   V     . ,   VII        ,  1808.,    ,    VI.




358


      ,         Public Days (ConsettM. A Tour Through Sweden, Swedish-Lapland, Finland and Denmark In aSeries of Letters. London: J.Johnson, 1789. P.141).




359


   (. Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, . Caroline Mathilde; 22 1751, 10 1775, ),    III,    VII   VI. ,       ,      .




360


  -  28 1700.       28 1769. : This being the Birth Day of the Queen Mother who enters into her 70th Year, it is to be observed as usual at Court (TNA. SP 75/122. Fol. 246).




361


.    ( . .179. .1. .148. .421428  21 1769.; . .11. .419421).




362


 : round house abin;     .  堖 1769.     -  ;                   ( . .212. .4. .57. .276277);                ,        , - 5/16 1769. ,       ( . .212. .4. .57. .276277 .). ,     ,     ,     .




363


       -. 21/2 1769.        1  (. 254); 25 -     ,  ,      ,       ,  , -    ,   ,    - ; 28   :    ,      ,      -,    - ; ,   ,        ( . .212. .4. .57. .254, 261, 276277, 282). , ,  ,     !




364


..         23. Π     .. 14/25:  ,    23 ,                  ;    ,         ,       (. . . .54/1. .152. .182).




365


   ..      : 16?   NW    ,    5 <>    ,    ,        ,  ,    ,    ,   9    ( . .575).




366


      1763., ..     .        ,  1775.       .




367


    26 1769. , :                 ,     ,    ,         ,      ,   ,  (  ),          ,  ,      ,      ,        ,    .      ,   , ,       ( . .189. .1. .9. .1919.).




368


  :  . .189. .1. .9. .20.




369


     .   24/5.




370


  :  . .189. .1. .9. .1717.




371


C-,       .




372


-蠖     .




373


,      ., -,    , .




374


 : . .11. .421.




375


     ... .:  . .575.




376


 ,  .      ,    ,         .      ,      (. . . .36/1. .308. .55.).  17701771.         (  .  .476477).




377


1/12 ..  :               [-],        ,     ,       ,   [],  ,  ,    (. . . .54/1. .152. .185185.).




378


Westley William () 2 1769.   -        ; 26 1770.    ; 1771.          (.:  . .189. .1. .4. .3, 4; .190. .1. .5. .55.).    Authentic Narrative,  ,        (.    /  ..//  . 1914. .382. 5. .153).




379


    (Yarmouth).      : Leostoff, Lestoff, Lowestoff;    .     Leostoff Church.




380


,  ..      ,          ,  17 (. .)  -          ,   -    (. .11. .445).   22           .  ,           (.:  . .580).




381


18      . 21      -,     1770. (. .11. .445).




382


-   (17301817). Ѡ  1765.   1768. ( ) ,     (17681769)         ,          ,   1769.    - -   ,   -,     ,        (  12/23 1769.;    5/16 1779.).   ..-  .: .. Ӡ .   XVIII. .:  , 1996. .3435 .; ..     XVIII. : .   , 1897. .2. .4142, 387390 .




383


Beachy Head,     .




384


Dunnose     .




385


 堖Royal Hospital Haslar ().




386


  ..-      ..,         : ,     ,    ,     ,      ,  ,    ,  , ,   ,             .    ,    ,   .

   , , []        ,   ,       .   ,        . ,      ,         .

   ,     ,    ,  ,         .

   ,     , ,    ,              .

 , ,                 ,            (. . . .35/6. .231.  - ..   1770. .33.).




387


   :  . .179. .1. .148. .314317.




388


 -      .:  . .179. .1. .145. .8284.




389


     : . .11. .531.


