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     蠖  .     ,  [40 - Dong X., Milholland B., Vijg J. Evidence for a limit to human lifespan // Nature. 2016 Oct; 538: 257259.],  ,           .   ,        ,        .   ,     蠖 122 ,   1997     ,       .        115 ,  .

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,       ,   -   .          .     ࠖ   Balaena mysticetus  [53 - George J. C. et al. Age and growth estimates of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) via aspartic acid racemization // Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1999; 77 (4): 571580.]  211 ,    .  ,        (  ,    ).   ,          .

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notes








1


Medvedev Z. A. An attempt at a rational classification of theories of ageing // Biological Reviews. 1990 Aug 65 (3): 375398.




2


Oldest person to give birth // www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/oldest-person-to-give-birth.




3


Searle S. D., Mitniski A., Gahbauer E. A., Gill T. M., Rockwood K. A standard procedure for creating a frailty index // BMC Geriatrics. 2008 Sep; 8.




4


Bae T. et al. Different mutational rates and mechanisms in human cells at pregastrulation and neurogenesis // Science. 2018 Feb; 359 (6375): 550555.




5


Lodato M. A. et al. Aging and neurodegeneration are associated with increased mutations in single human neurons // Science. 2018 Feb; 359 (6375): 555559.




6


Blokzijl F. et al. Tissue-specific mutation accumulation in human adult stem cells during life // Nature. 2016 Oct; 538: 260264.




7


   .   2007 .




8


   10-  (-10). Mkb-10.com




9


Bulterijs S., Hull R., Bj?rk V., Roy A. It is time to classify biological aging as a disease // Frontiers in genetics. 2015 Jun.




10


Gompertz B. On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality, and on a new mode of determining the value of life contingencies // Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society. 1825: 513528.




11


Makeham W. M. On the law of mortality // Journal of the Institue of Actuaries. 1867 Jul; 13 (6): 325358.




12


Golubev A. How could the Gompertz-Makeham law evolve // Joournal of Theoretical Biology. 2009 May; 258 (1):117.




13


Dickinson M. E. et al. High-throughput discovery of novel developmental phenotypes // Nature. 2016 Sep; 537: 508514.




14


Kinzina E. D., Podolskiy D. I., Dmitriev S. E., Gladyshev V. N. Patterns of aging biomarkers, mortality, and damaging mutations illuminate the beginning of aging and causes of early-life mortality // Cell Reports. 2019 Dec; 29 (13): 42764284.




15


Olshansky S. J. On the biodemography of aging: areview essay // Population and development review. 1998 Jun; 24 (2): 381393.




16


Barbi E., Lagona F., Marsili M., Vaupel J. W., Wachter K. W. The plateau of human mortality: Demography of longevity pioneers // Science. 2018 Jun; 360 (6396): 14591461.




17


Gavrilov L. A., Gavrilova N. S. Mortality measurement at advanced ages // North American Actuarial Journal. 2012 Dec; 15 (3): 432447.




18


Newman S. J. Errors as a primary cause of late-life mortality deceleration and plateaus // PLOS Biology. 2018 Dec 16 (12): e2006776.




19


Gavrilov L. A., Gavrilova N. S. New trend in old-age mortality: gompertzialization of mortality trajectory // Gerontology. 2019; 65 (5): 451457.




20


Yang Y., Santos A. L., Xu L. Lotton C., Taddei F., Lindner A. B. Temporal scaling of aging as an adaptive strategy of Escherichia coli // Science Advances. 2019 May; 5 (5): eaaw2069.




21


 . .           . I.   ࠖ  //  . 2009; 22 (1). . 6074.




22


Liu X. Life equations for the senescence process // Biochemistry and Biophyscis Reports. 2015 Dec; 4: 228233.




23


Anisimov V. N. Carcinogenesis and aging // Advances in Cancer Research. 1983; 40: 365424.




24


Gems D. The aging-disease false dichotomy: understanding senescence as pathology // Frontiers in Genetics. 2015 Jun.




25


M?thel S. et al. The conserved histone chaperone LIN?53 is required for normal lifespan and maintenance of muscle integrity in Caenorhabditis elegans // Aging Cell. 2019 Aug; 18 (6): e13012.




26


https://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/situation_trends/en ./




27


Roser M. Life Expectancy, 2016.   OurWorldInData.org. . : http://ourworldindata.org/data/population-growth-vital-statistics/life-expectancy /




28


https://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/situation_trends_text/en ./




29


https://www.who.int/gho/women_and_health/mortality/situation_trends_life_expectancy/en ./




30


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