        
  


   ,                  , , ,     .                ,             .          ,       (   ,   ,       )     .           .









,  !       ,  ,             .   , , ,          .  , :               ,   ,   . ,       2009 ,         .

      , ,    .        ,  ,        ,    ,     ,          . ,         , ,  ,  .   ,    ,    (  !),    (  !)   ,  ,  .        50%  .       ,      :    ;      ; Final Fantasy     JRPG;    ;  ; -;     ; . ,     :   ,    ,    ,          (    , , )    63        200   . ,         ,  ,          ,       ,  ,        . ,     ?

     ,     ,       (,      ).   ,          ,    .     2009 ,     ,          Sony, Microsoft  Nintendo   next-gen : PlayStation 3, Xbox 360  Wii.           ,   . ,      , ,     ,   .

  ,              .   ,           ,        .     ,     ,          .

 .              :         ,    ,        ,     .                    .

 ,  ,         !







    ,      (  )   (  ,  ,   )      .          25 . ,  ,  ,      54.6 .     .    ,       ,        .       Sony,               . Sony  ,  , MP3-  ,      PlayStation.         .    ,          ,      .      ,  ,          "- 2"  40.4 .     .     Halo 2 (     Halo)  100 . .    ,    ,       2,5 ,      .                     ,      : Mortal Kombat, Resident Evil, Silent Hill, Doom, Street Fighter, Max Payne.

      ,    .    ,       ,    Cold Play ,                   .          ,     .








      Metal Gear Solid

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Nic Fillingham;   0)








       Metal Gear Solid

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Wacko Photographer;   0)








      Super Mario

(: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/; : ??????? (   );   0)








    Super Mario

(: https://pxhere.com/ru/; : https://pxhere.com/ru/;   0)



          , ,     .         .  83% ,     ,      2-3   .      (Famitsu, EDGE,  ),  (Gameinformer, Gametrailers, Gameland, IGN)    (X-play, ),   (,   ,     1    ,   3    ),      (Tokyo Game Show, E3, Games Convention).








  EDGE,    1999 

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Ian Dick;   0)








 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3), 2011 

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : patsun;   0)








     Suikoden  Tokyo Game Show  2008 

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : SteFou!;   0)








 Games Convention, 2006 

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Sergey Galyonkin;   0)



     ,   ,      ,       ,   .             ,          (terebi gemu  bideo gemu)[1 -      (  )     ,    ,       .       .],    (pasokon gemu  kompyuta gemu)    .                    (life simulation games,  love simulation games),   (        ),    ,     .  ,     .  ,   ,  1996        Tokyo Game Show[2 -  TGS   .] (???????  tokyo gemu sho).

            .   ,   1983         ( 2000  2006        Microsoft   Xbox  Xbox 360, ,     Nintendo  Sony,  ,      -       ,      ),      ,   .

           ?  ,     Space Channel 5, :  ,           ,    (   ),   ,           .     [3 - ECTS 2002,    ( 124, , 2002), . 28.].   ,  ,    LocoRoco,     :    ,      ,  ,       .  ,       ,   [4 -    ,    ( 214, , 2006), . 130.]. ,          ,      ?

    Time      ( 2003 )         Media Lab    ,    :       -[5 -   ,    ( 151, , 2003), . 128.].   -   , -,  , , .   ,  ,        ,     :     ?   ,        .  ,     . ,   ,       ,  (). ,     .    ,      , ,    .     ,       [6 -    ,    ( 224, , 2006), . 68.].     Okami    ,         .








     Okami

(: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/; : Raffaele Torre;   0)



           ,     ,           .   2005    ,  ,      ,       .    2005     (???  bunkacho)         Dragon Quest VIII     (??  kokuho).    2007           Nintendo DS (    Nintendo),        .       :   ,   ,  ,  ,          .     (      Versus  Godzilla: the final war)      Metal Gear Solid: the Twin Snakes.               -[7 -    (costume play  cosplay (kosuprei))       ,   ;    .].             (Famitsu, Nintendo dream, Dengeki Playstation, Dengeki PSP, Dengeki Adventures, Monthly Arcadia, Megami Magazine  ..),      (Weekly Famitsu),       :     ,     (     ), ,           ,       (   ,   ),         ,   .    ,    ,            ,     [8 -    (  Dragon Quest in Concert)   1987      ,    .        Dragon Quest I  Dragon Quest II.       Dragon Quest  .   (         )   1991    .      1992, 1993, 1994  1996         Dragon Quest, Final Fantasy, Mario, The Legend of Zelda   Chrono Trigger.  :  ,    ,      2003   , .].     ,                  .








     Final Fantasy VII    

(: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/; : SteFou!;   0)








    Dragon Quest VIII   Vjump

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Ian Jones;   0)








  Ultimania   Square Enix     Final Fantasy.    ,     ,     :   ,   ,       ,     ..

(: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/; : BrokenSphere;   0)



 ,             .  ,          ,      ,        ,    .

      ,             ,       ,        .

      ,    ,       ,             , , ,     .                 ;           .

                    ,   ,         ,        ,   ,     .

               ,         ,   ,    ,    -   ,         .      :

-             - ;

-            ;

- ,   ,     ,     ;

-                   .

       :

-          ,    ,   :  Metal Gear Solid, Silent Hill, Dragon Quest, Final Fantasy, Onimusha,  Okami  Folklore;

-        ,   (    ,     ),         - ,      ;

-         -,    ,   : www.famitsu.com/, http://www.gameland.ru/, www.ign.com/, www.gamespot.com/, www.kotaku.com/.




 1.      





1.1.       



       ,         .       ,   1972    Atari Corporation   1976         Atari 2600,   .            : Atari 400, Atari 800, Atari 600 XL, Atari 1200 XL, Atari 800 XL, Atari XE, Atari 5200.        Time Warner,   Atari Corporation    1976 ,            .    1983     ,  ,    .  1986 ,    , Atari Corporation     Atari 2600    Atari 7800,            Nintendo  SEGA (SErvice GAmes of Japan),     . Atari Corporation    ,       .








 Atari 2600

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Evan-Amos;   0)



 Nintendo     1889    .    Marufuku Company (??  marufuku   )      (??  hanafuda   , . .    ).        .  1907       Nintendo Koppai (???  nintendo     ,  ?? (tendo)   ,  , ; ??  koppai    )         .








    Nintendo

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Japanexperterna.se;   0)



 1956       (  ). ,       ,  ,     United States Playing Card Company,   Nintendo.   : ,      ,   ,    ,      .        .

,            Nintendo  ,       :  ,    (rabu hoteru,   rabuho,    love hotel),  ,      Nintendo,   .         ,        ,         .

 1963      Nintendo Company, Limited (???????  nintendo kabushikigaisha    Nintendo).

 1977   Nintendo,     Atari Corporation,     Color TV-Game (kara terebi gemu)   .     ,     .      : Color TV-Game 6, Color TV-Game 15, Color TV-Game Racing 112, Color TV-Game Block Breaker, Computer TV-Game         .     Color TV-Game     1980 .








 Color TV-Game 15

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Staffan Vilcans;   0)



     ,      .     ,          .   80- Nintendo  Atari Corporation       ,     .  1983 ,    ,        -    Atari Corporation  Time Warner,         Nintendo    Famicom (famikomu   famiri kompyuta  family computer   ).        Color TV Game,   ,    .        : Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda  Donkey Kong.      .








 Famicom

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Evan-Amos;   0)








   Super Mario Bros.

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Bryan Ochalla;   0)








   The Legend of Zelda

(: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Ali Mohammed;   0)








 -  Donkey Kong

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Bryan Ochalla;   0)



 1985   Nintendo   -:       Atari Corporation     Famicom       NES (nintendo entertainment system; 1991            Dendy/).     ,   Super Mario Bros.   500  .  Nintendo   :        1983 ,   ,        ,       ,            .








 : Famicom,  NES   NES

(: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/; : Bololabich;   0)








  Famicom/NES     Dendy

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Nzeemin;   0)



   Nintendo   SEGA    Sega Master System,   1985   ,  1986     1987  .








 Sega Master System

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Valentin Kozin;   0)




1.2.    



 Nintendo  SEGA      ,      Atari Corporation,          ,     .  ,  ,             ,    Atari Corporation,   ,          ,    .       ,    ,         ,       .         , Nintendo,     SEGA      .  ,      ,     : Nintendo Seal of Quality  SEGA Seal of Quality.          ,         .

  Nintendo  SEGA    2009     [9 -      .         ,   2020   9   ( Nintendo Switch    9 ).        ,          ,        .]    (kateiyo gemuki    ).      Color TV-Game (1977-1980);    Famicom/NES (1983)  Sega Master System (1985).       :      Sega Mega Drive (   ; Sega Genesis   ) (1988)  Super Famicom ( ; SNES  Super Nintendo Entertaiment System     ) (1990);   PC Engine ( ; TurboGrafx-16   )  Neo-Geo (     NEC 1987  ;      SNK    1990 ).








 Sega Mega Drive

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Evan-Amos;   0)








 Super Famicom

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Pippi;   0)








 PC Engine

(: https://ko.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Muband;   0)








 Neo-Geo

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Frdric BISSON;   0)



             Nintendo  SEGA   Sony. Sony  SEGA   , PlayStation  Saturn,  1994 ,   1996     Nintendo   Nintendo 64.








 PlayStation

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Evan-Amos;   0)








 Sega Saturn

(: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/; : Evan-Amos;   0)








 Nintendo 64

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Larry D. Moore;   0)



      1998, 2000  2001 .   SEGA     Dreamcast  1998 ,    PlayStation 2  Sony  2000 ,   2001    GameCube  Nintendo.








 Playstation 2

(: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/; : Evan-Amos;   0)








  Sega  Dreamcast

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Joe Haupt;   0)








 GameCube

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Evan-Amos;   0)



2006      .  Sony  Nintendo      : Sony  PlayStation 3,  Nintendo  Wii.








 PlayStation 3    (Fat  Slim)

(: https://uz.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Evan-Amos;   0)








 Wii    Wii Remote

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : Evan-Amos;   0)



 ,   Nintendo             . ,   ,       ,      .   ,         .   Sony       (      SEGA),        2006 .       :   PlayStation 3  Sony    ,   Nintendo   Wii    .   , Wii     GameCube,       Wii Remote ( Wiimote)  ,      ,              .        ,    Nintendo    Wii    ,     (   ).      Wii   ,    PlayStation 3.      Nintendo,   Wii,        ,       .       Nintendo         Famicom/NES.

 SEGA      2001 , ,   Dreamcast            Nintendo  Sony.  2000   SEGA    ,    PlayStation 2          .   Dreamcast     2002        50$.             SEGA.          .  ,   Sammy,   -  ,  SEGA,   2004            SEGASammy.         : SEGA   ,  Sammy       SEGA    (,   ,    SEGA),       -.




1.3.    





1.3.1.     


 Famicom/NES  Nintendo  1983       .         .   Nintendo         (Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda, Donkey Kong),   -  .         ,       ,                  : Capcom, Squaresoft, Enix, Tecmo.     Namco, Konami, SNK  ,        . Namco    ,  Konami  SNK      .                       (      Sony  Nintendo,       ).

2001       : -,       ( ,    ); -,                .  ,              . Namco  Capcom, Squaresoft  Enix, SNK  Capcom         ,             .       ,  ,    .    2002   ,     :  SNK    .              .         ,   ,       ,  SNK,         ,    .   SNK    :      ,     .  , Squaresoft  Enix   Square Enix  2003 ,  Namco      Bandai (     ),    Bandai Namco games  2006 ,   Tecmo       Microsoft,        Koei,   Koei Tecmo  2009 .

      ,           ,      .         ,         ,        .




1.3.2.      


            .          (Game Arts, Tri-Ace, Atlus, Koei),        (Level 5, Nippon Ichi, Game Republic, SNK playmore, Q Entertainment, Mistwalker).      ,        ,    .       ,                     .         (   )       . , ,    , : Atlus    2003  SNK,      SNK playmore.              ()   ().  ,  ,   .




1.4.      



 ()  (poketto gemuki,  keitaigata gemuki)    .     1989       Game Boy  Nintendo.       ,     ,      .  2006  2009         ,    .    ,    Nintendo DS  Nintendo  PlayStation Portable  Sony          ( , Wii  PlayStation 3). ,  2007   ( 2007   2008)[10 - http://www.gameland.ru/post/41068/default.asp]    : Nintendo DS   6 343547   Wii   3 741 946; PlayStation Portable  3 427971  1 197418  PlayStation 3.                    .




1.4.1.      


      .       Nintendo  1966 .          Ultra Hand,      Nintendo  .           (R&D  research and development),   1980            Game & Watch (     , !  ).     ,              .  Game & Watch      .     Ball, Flagman  Vermin,      Popeye, Mickey Mouse, Mickey & Donald  ..      47 /,        Mario The Juggler,   1991 .      Color TV Game        ,    Game & Watch       .








 Game & Watch   Ball

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : masatsu;   0)








  Game & Watch     -

 Game & Watch   Donkey King   Nintendo DS,   ?

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Francis Bijl;   0)








 Game & Watch     , !

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : perepelin30;   0)



 1989                Game Boy.  Game Boy    Game & Watch        ,      .         ,     Game Boy    ,      .    1989  1998    Game Boy      64  .                .     Game Boy     Famicom/NES,      62  .  Nintendo      : 1996   Game Boy Pocket;   Game Boy Color  1998;    Game Boy Advance  2001;  2004    Nintendo DS (DS  dual screen   :     ,                 ).








 Game Boy     

(: https://www.wallpaperflare.com/; : salom?o da rocha;   0)








Nintendo DS

(: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/; : ASHTONZANECKI;   0)



      Game Boy.  1996     Nintendo,        WonderSwan   Bandai.         ,        4  1997 .  1999   WonderSwan     Gunpey ( 2006-2007      Nintendo DS  Playstation Portable)       ,                .      , Ultra Hand,         WarioWare  Nintendo  Intelligent Systems.

 Nintendo,         Game Boy,      Famicom/NES,     .          ,      ,             .      , GameGear  SEGA  WonderSwan  Bandai,    .   :  GameGear   1990 ,       ;  WonderSwan         1999 .








  WonderSwan      WonderSwan Color

(: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/; : Solomon203;   0)








GameGear  SEGA

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : James Case;   0)



 2001  2003  Nintendo              .  2003    E3  Sony ,        . Nintendo DS ( Nintendo)  PlayStation Portable ( Sony)     2004 .     ,     Nintendo DS       ,   PlayStation Portable (154   82 , ),               Nintendo -   ,           .








PlayStation Portable

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Tim Dorr;   0)




1.4.2.      


        ,       . -,         (     ),  ,               .       Pokemon.           Nintendo,         Pokemon.    ,     Nintendo       ,      ( poketto monsta   pocket monster)   (     )   .       Nintendo   Nintendogs  Nintendo DS    .  PlayStation Portable      LocoRoco,     ,     ,        .         ,       .  LocoRoco, ,     ,       .








     Pokemon    Game Boy

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Adam Purves (S3ISOR);   0)








    LocoRoco

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Charlie;   0) 








    Nintendogs  Nintendo DS

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Ian Jones;   0)



       ,             .    ,             (           karoshi    ),    1969      ,        .  ,  2016      ,    80   ,         100  [11 - https://lenta.ru/articles/2018/04/06/japan_suicide/].             ?         ,             .

 ,       ,   .          ,       -:   ,    . Brain Training DS  Nintendo DS  Mind Quiz    Nintendo DS  PlayStation Portable    ,   2005-2006 .              ,       Train your brain: 60 days to a better brain (  :    60 ),             ,    , ,   . Brain Training DS  Mind Quiz    -,            (, , , ),         ,  ,       ..








Brain Training DS  Nintendo DS

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Paul Boxley;   0)



Brain Training DS  Mind Quiz           ,      .                   .   Brain Training DS  Mind Quiz (  )   Nintendo  ,       Wii     ,      ,         (,   -: Wii Sports, Wii Play, Wii Fit       (, , , )        .

   ,             ,      .   ,                       ,      .



,   :

-    1977  1985     ,      ;

-  1977  2006        ;

-  1983      Famicom/NES  Nintendo         ,       :       .            ;          ,         ,                  ;

-  1989         Game Boy,       .              ,               .     ,    ,   .




 2.    





2.1.    



    :

-  (adventure), : ICO, Okami, The Legend of Zelda;

- (platform), :   Super Mario  Sonic the Hedgehog;

- (fighting), :   Street Fighter, Tekken, SoulCalibur, Virtua Fighter, The King of Fighters, Gulty Gear;

- (racing), :   Gran Turismo  Ridge Racer;

- (flight simulator), :   Ace ombat;

- (action), :   Devil May Cry, Onimusha  Contra;

-  (beat them up,   beat `em up[12 -           ,   .]), :   Streets of Rage, Final Fight;

-    (sport), :    Pro Evolution Soccer      Everybody`s Golf;

-  (puzzle), :   Lumines, Echochrome;

-  (music), :   Space Channel 5  Dance Dance Revolution, Rez;

- (strategy), :   Kessen.

    stealth ( )  survival horror (.  /).        Metal Gear Solid (   (   Metal Gear)    1987     ),      Resident Evil, Silent Hill, Project Zero, Siren.    ,    ,      :            Alone in the Dark  1992 ,         Capcom        Resident Evil (1996 ),            Sweet Home,    Capcom    1989    Famicom (      ).    Resident Evil    Alone in the Dark,    Silent Hill, Project Zero  Siren     ,         .

       JRPG (japanese role playing game    )    JTRPG (japanese tactical role playing game     ).    ,  , ,       ,  , -, JRPG  JTRPG     , -,           ,      .           (Final Fantasy, Tales of)    (Dragon Quest, Vandal Hearts, Fire Emblem),    (Phantasy Star, Star Ocean, Rogue Galaxy),    (Valkyria Chronicles, Jeanne d`Arc)    (Disgaea),    (Persona)    (Front Mission).

 ,    ,       JRPG  JTRPG,       .                          . ,  JRPG  JTRPG    [13 -        .   JRPG  JTRPG-     .],       ,    [14 -   2014 ,   CESA (Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association     黠  ,   1996      ),  51,9%  ,   JRPG  JTRPG   .].

Kingdom Hearts, Star Ocean, Phantasy Star, Tales of, Breath Of Fire, Vandal Hearts, Final Fantasy Tactics, Disgaea, Fire Emblem, Grandia, Valkyrie Profile, Lunar, Persona, SaGa, Dark Cloud, Legend Of Mana, Chrono Trigger, Chrono Cross, Front Mission, Xenogears  Xenosaga, Wild Arms, Suikoden        JRPG  JTRPG ,       -  .    ,     JRPG  JTRPG,        : Dragon Quest  Final Fantasy.




2.1.1.   JRPG  Dragon Quest


 1982   Enix       Videogame Programming Contest.         .       ,          ,  Ultima  Wizardry.            (   )   -,        ,          .         Enix            Dragon Quest,          .     Ultima  Wizardry,  ,    ,    ,       ,     ,            .          ,            -  ,    Dragon Ball,        ,              .      Dragon Quest    ,         .








      Dragon Quest

(: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/; : William Tung;   0)



 1986 ,    Dragon Quest     Famicom  ,     Enix    ,     ,      .  ,   Dragon Quest   : ,         ,           ,     ,          .








    Dragon Quest  Famicom

(: https://www.flickr.com/; : Bryan Ochalla;   0)



 Dragon Quest      JRPG,       ,    .   ,    ,       Dragon Quest  1988 ,       ,      (        300 ,            [15 - https://archive.org/details/1988-JUn-compute-magazine/page/n7/mode/2up]).   ,                 ( ,        line for Dragon Quest III in Japan),     (???  keisatsucho)    Enix    ,    Dragon Quest       [16 - https://nintendosoup.com/square-enix-confirms-myth-behind-releasing-new-dragon-quests-games-on-saturdays/].      .   ,         Dragon Quest      ??? (kokuminteki) RPG, ..  RPG,       .

 2008       Dragon Quest    .    2009   Nintendo DS      Dragon Quest IX: Sentinels of the Starry Skies,        Dragon Quest X   Wii.

 ,          ,       ,     :   , ,     (,     Slime        Dragon Quest   ).




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=56488023)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


     (  )     ,    ,       .       .




2


 TGS   .




3


ECTS 2002,    ( 124, , 2002), . 28.




4


   ,    ( 214, , 2006), . 130.




5


  ,    ( 151, , 2003), . 128.




6


   ,    ( 224, , 2006), . 68.




7


   (costume play  cosplay (kosuprei))       ,   ;    .




8


   (  Dragon Quest in Concert)   1987      ,    .        Dragon Quest I  Dragon Quest II.       Dragon Quest  .   (         )   1991    .      1992, 1993, 1994  1996         Dragon Quest, Final Fantasy, Mario, The Legend of Zelda   Chrono Trigger.  :  ,    ,      2003   , .




9


     .         ,   2020   9   ( Nintendo Switch    9 ).        ,          ,        .




10


http://www.gameland.ru/post/41068/default.asp




11


https://lenta.ru/articles/2018/04/06/japan_suicide/




12


          ,   .




13


       .   JRPG  JTRPG-     .




14


  2014 ,   CESA (Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association     黠  ,   1996      ),  51,9%  ,   JRPG  JTRPG   .




15


https://archive.org/details/1988-JUn-compute-magazine/page/n7/mode/2up




16


https://nintendosoup.com/square-enix-confirms-myth-behind-releasing-new-dragon-quests-games-on-saturdays/


