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International Rights Management: Susanna Lea Associates

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  1989.            ,             ,     ,  ,   ,        .  ,  ,          ,            .          ,         ,  -,   .

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    .    ,  1989.        ,   ࠖ   [2 - Robert Cooper, The Meaning of 1989, The Prospect (20 December 1999).].      ,     ,  ,       [3 -  .     . .: , 2015, . 9091.].     -.        ,      젖   .

            [4 - Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner (eds.), The Global Resurgence of Democracy (John Hopkins University Press, 1996); Timothy Garton Ash, Free World: America, Europe, and the Surprising Future of the West (Random House, 2004).]. ,    -           ,                   .

     ,      ,         [5 - Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner (eds.), Democracy in Decline? (John Hopkins University Press, 2015); Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner and Christopher Walker (eds.), Authoritarianism Goes Global: The Challenge to Democracy (John Hopkins University Press, 2016).].        蠖  ,     ,            .       ,   .     ,              .             .

    ,           .   ,      :       - 11  2001.,    ,   2008.,         ,         ,      2015.,       .              ,   ,         ,  .      ,        ,         堖 , ,          .        ,      [6 - David Runciman, How Democracy Ends (Basic Books, 2018); Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt, How Democracies Die (Crown, 2018).].

      - [7 - Michael Ignatieff (ed.), Rethinking Open Society: New Adversaries and New Opportunities (Central European University Press, 2018).].         ,  .    ,     16  .     65   .   ,    (Borders, Fences and Walls. State of Insecurity?)       ,         [8 - Elisabeth Vallet, Borders, Fences and Walls (Routledge, 2018).].    1989.     :        ,      ,          ,   (,  ) .

     ,          ,  ,    [9 - David Leonhardt, The American Dream, Quantified at Last, The New York Times (8 December 2016).].     ,           ,               [10 - Yascha Mounk, The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It (Harvard University Press, 2018).].     ,    ,     ,      .    ,   XXI    ,   :  ,     ,   [11 - Stephen Smith, The Scramble for Europe: Young Africa on its Way to the Old Continent (Polity, 2019);  .  . .: , 2018.  ࠖ Ivan Krastev, After Europe (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017).].  ,      ,          .      ,       ,   1919.,         ,  2016.       [12 - Michiko Kakutani, The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump (Tim Duggan Books, 2018), p. 26.].    :  ,  , //    [13 -  . . . .]          .

 ,      ,       (The World as It Is: A Memoir of the Obama White House) ,         : ,   ?[14 - Ben Rhodes, The World as It Is: A Memoir of the Obama White House (Random House, 2018).]        ?    ?.        :  ?[15 -     (What Happened?),   2017. . .]   : ,   ? ,      ,    ? ,   ?  ,        .

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  ,  1989.,          .     ,             ,  ,   ,  , .           ,           .  -   ,   ,         . ,        ,      ,   ,  ,       .           . ,      ,    ,      ,  .        -      ,       ࠖ    ,      .  ,          .       ,     ,    ,  [16 -  .  ? //  . 1990. 3. . 134135, 144, 138139, 136, 145;  .     . .: , 2007. . 89.].

             ?   .     ,       ,       . ,          ,    ,           [17 - Francis Fukuyama, The End of History?, National Interest (Summer 1989), p. 12 (     . . .).].

  ,        , ,                       [18 -   ,        ,      ,       ,    ,    .     ,          - .   ,       ,        ,                .].    ,  1988-,                [19 -    / . . . .: , 1988.].      ,        .

  ,  1989.     .   ,    ,        .   ,   ,       ,       ,     .   ,           ,        .    , ,   ,      .   ,           ,         [20 -      ,  , ,    ,      ,     .].   ,    ,               ,      .          ,      堖        [21 -  2008.            :     ,                   .      ,      ,         ,    ,    ,    ,     ,      ,      ,        .  ,        .        .   (   XIX    . . .) - ,      .    ,     ? Yo Zushi, Exploring Memory in the Graphic Novel, New Statesman (6 February 2019).].

     ()  ,      .          ,    .        .

,      2010- .         -  .   ,   ,          젖      ,    ,    .             .  , ,        ,         ,  ,                  [22 - Ryszard Legutko, The Demon in Democracy: Totalitarian Temptations in Free Societies (Encounter Books, 2018), pp. 63, 20, 80.].       ,  -  :     ,     .     [23 - . : Philip Oltermann, Can Europes New Xenophobes Reshape the Continent?, The Guardian (3 February 2018).].   ,                      ,     .

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          .        ,  ,     ,             ,      .      .             ,     ,     .                          .

        1989.  - , , , , , , ,   ,              .      ,          .   ,   , ,       .            1989.:     [ ]  .      ,     . , , , , , ꠖ       ,       [24 - Legutko, The Demon in Democracy, p. 41.].

 1989.        蠖      蠖         .

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, ,    .   XIX        (The Laws of Imitation)  ,     [25 - Gabriel Tarde, The Laws of Imitation (English translation: Henry Holt and Company, 1903), p. 74.].        ,       ,  -     ,  -    ,     [26 -         ,   ,          . ., , Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman, The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation (Oxford University Press, 2012).].

          1989.,                .   ,    , , -,      ; -,  ,   -  ; -, ,      ,     ; -,    (    )         .     , ,    ,   1989.,     ,       ,    .

  ,    ,       .   ,          ,  (  )    (   ) -,    ,           [27 - Wade Jacoby, Imitation and Politics: Redesigning Modern Germany (Cornell University Press, 2000).].    젖   ,     ,          ,    .

,   ,       .    ,   .           ,      ,       ,     ,     [28 - Thorstein Veblen, The Opportunity of Japan, Journal of Race Development 6:1 (July 1915), pp. 2338.].       ,      ,                 ,  -     .     1989.,          ,    . , ,  ,    ,            ,      .

 -  (    )   ,   ,           ,       (     )         ,    .   ,   ,     , ,       ,  ,                     .

     ,  頖    . ,    ,            蠖 ,        .      , 堖          ,    ,    ,    [29 - ,      ,       ,    .     .        ,          ,  . ,  2016.   4,5    ,   4%   .    11 .         ,  ,     ,    .].    ,       ,    ,     .     ,   [30 -        (. . ):  ,     //  ,   ⅻ . .],     .      ,  ,   ,   .

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             ,       ,  ,   ,    ,  .   ,  -  ,  , ,             ,      .  ,     ,   ,       ,   ,     .                       .  ,    ,         , .   ,   ,       .

 ,               .        ,     ,       ,       1989.    XVII    XIV   ,    .     () ,      ,   .   ,     .  XIX   ,     ,        ,    ,           頖  ,   [31 - Ken Jowitt, Communism, Democracy, and Golf, Hoover Digest (30 January 2001).].             ,      ,      ,        .  ,    蠖  蠖  ,         ,    .       ,   [32 -  (  ) The Federalist Papers   85     .       . . .],   ,    ࠖ  [33 - Ken Jowitt, Communism, Democracy, and Golf, Hoover Digest (30 January 2001).]          ,     ,    .              ,             .

           1989.          ,          ,           ,   .      , 堖  ,         (   ) ,     ,     [34 -     . . .].

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         ,           . ,   - ,         ,     .  ,  ,      ,        .  ,               ,         .       2008.       .

       ,       ,     ()   .      ,        .  ,   ,          [36 -  .     . .:   , 2019;  .  .    . .: , 2019.].   ,      .      ,   ,    ,   ,    .    ,          ,          .

 ,   -  ,        ,  ,    - , ,        .    ,         :  ,     ,      [37 -    (Marci Shore)   .].    ,  ,    ,      .      ,  ,      .        .   ,       ,     .

  ,  ,   . , , ,   , ,     ,  ,      ,    .      ,     ,    ,     [38 -  .   . .:   , 2000.].        ,        , ,   ,          ,           - , ,   ,      .    ,                 ,     ,         ,        ,    ,    ,      .

   -     ,        ,         [39 - ,           ,  :          ,    .     ,       씠         .      ,   ,             ,    . Ren Girard, Resurrection from the Underground. Feodor Dostoevsky (Michigan State University Press, 2012), pp. 8889. (   蠖  . :    . .: , 2013    . . .)].      ,         .   ,              ,     ,     .    ,       ,     , ,           .




 


       ,               1989.         ,    ,    .           ,       ,      .                   , , ,      .      .

        ,       ,   ,      ,   ,              ,       .  ,       ,     ,       ,        ,    ,             .   ,        ,     [40 -   ,        (V4) , ,   蠖   64   2017.  55,6   2050.,    13%.             . James Shotter, Central Europe: Running out of Steam, Financial Times (27 August 2018).],   ,                     ,     [41 -   ,         , ,  ,   :            15 ,     (22 )                 . Georgi Gotev, After Bulgaria, Slovakia too Fails to Ratify the Istanbul Convention, Agence France-Presse (23 February 2018).].

  ,           ,     ,    ,         2008.    .             .   ,            ,   ()    1989.   ()  .

     ,   ,      蠖   ,      .     ,     ,  ,     .          ,          ,     .         .        ,          .             ,        .

         蠖       ,     .           .       ,       1991.      .   ,     ,   ,   , ,      ,   ,     ,   , .      1990- .   ,   .    , ,     .       ,          ,   ,         ,            .

 20112012.    .         蠖      .                [42 - Benjamin E. Goldsmith, Imitation in International Relations. Observational Learning, Analogies, and Foreign Policy in Russia and Ukraine (New York; Palgrave, 2005).].      .      ,      ,      (   )     , ,   ,   ,      ,     .       ,       .         ,      ,      -       .

       -         2016.           .       ,     ,        ,       .               .

 ,  ,   1990- .     ,       .                      .  ,    ,          ,    . ,     ,        .

 頖  (   )          .     ?      ,         ?          ,           , ,            ?

      ,    ,         . ,              ,  .         ,          ,     ,          ?   . ,      ,      ,   ,    ,       ,       .  ,     ,    ,  頖 .

         ,       1980- .,        .            2010-?       ,      ,    ,        ,    .   ,       ,       .         ,      ,   ,      .

    ,          ,     ;     ,   ,   ,     ,   .

       .   ,       ,     ,     ,    .        2018.      ,            .     ,                     .      ,         .       ,  ,      ,       ,    [43 - Jim Mattiss Letter to Trump: Full Text, The New York Times (20 December 2018).].

       ,     , , ,       ,          .           ,               .              .           .     ,   ,         .    ,          .

    ,      1989.     . ,    ,     ,     .   ,  1989.,         ,      [44 -         ,     (XVIIXVIII )         . . .]    ,     .        ,    (A Clarity Interfered With)   , ,   1989.  ,     ,      [45 - Gspr Mikls Tams, A Clarity Interfered With, in Timothy Burns (ed.), After History? (Littlefield Adams, 1994), pp. 8283.].    .          ,        . ,         ,      ,     .      .       ,     ,      ,           . ,  ,   .       ,     ,    ꠖ   .




1

  



  ,  ,  .

[46 - .    / . . . . .: -, 2010.]

     ,   ,          [47 -  . . . .].           ,    ,    2015. ,                   ,    ,  ,       ,           ( )     ,        ,   .

 1990. 26-                      ,    [48 - John Feffer, Shock Waves: Eastern Europe after the Revolutions (South End Press, 1992).].    ,   ,   ,         .   ,       ,     .     ,   .   ,     , ,    ,  ,       .         .      ,   ,      ,   ,   ,    ,   ,    ,      .    ,     [49 - . : Nick Thorpe, 89: The Unfinished Revolution (Reportage Press, 2009), pp. 191192.].

      ,   ,      ,   . ,    ,         ,      1990.       .    ,   .   ,        .  ,             ,  [50 -     1949.  ,   (The God That Failed),      . . .],   ,     :       ,  ,  [51 - John Feffer, Aftershock: A Journey into Eastern Europes Broken Dreams (Zed Books, 2017), p. 34.].




 


  1989.            ,             ,     .    ,         ,    .

            ,     ,    .     :  ,     1989.      .               .           ,   .        ,           .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=55895062)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 (. ressentiment) ,     .       ,       (),  . . .




2


Robert Cooper, The Meaning of 1989, The Prospect (20 December 1999).




3


 .     . .: , 2015, . 9091.




4


Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner (eds.), The Global Resurgence of Democracy (John Hopkins University Press, 1996); Timothy Garton Ash, Free World: America, Europe, and the Surprising Future of the West (Random House, 2004).




5


Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner (eds.), Democracy in Decline? (John Hopkins University Press, 2015); Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner and Christopher Walker (eds.), Authoritarianism Goes Global: The Challenge to Democracy (John Hopkins University Press, 2016).




6


David Runciman, How Democracy Ends (Basic Books, 2018); Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt, How Democracies Die (Crown, 2018).




7


Michael Ignatieff (ed.), Rethinking Open Society: New Adversaries and New Opportunities (Central European University Press, 2018).




8


Elisabeth Vallet, Borders, Fences and Walls (Routledge, 2018).




9


David Leonhardt, The American Dream, Quantified at Last, The New York Times (8 December 2016).




10


Yascha Mounk, The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It (Harvard University Press, 2018).




11


Stephen Smith, The Scramble for Europe: Young Africa on its Way to the Old Continent (Polity, 2019);  .  . .: , 2018.  ࠖ Ivan Krastev, After Europe (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017).




12


Michiko Kakutani, The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump (Tim Duggan Books, 2018), p. 26.




13


 . . . .




14


Ben Rhodes, The World as It Is: A Memoir of the Obama White House (Random House, 2018).




15


    (What Happened?),   2017. . .




16


 .  ? //  . 1990. 3. . 134135, 144, 138139, 136, 145;  .     . .: , 2007. . 89.




17


Francis Fukuyama, The End of History?, National Interest (Summer 1989), p. 12 (     . . .).




18


  ,        ,      ,       ,    ,    .     ,          - .   ,       ,        ,                .




19


   / . . . .: , 1988.




20


     ,  , ,    ,      ,     .




21


 2008.            :     ,                   .      ,      ,         ,    ,    ,    ,     ,      ,      ,        .  ,        .        .   (   XIX    . . .) - ,      .    ,     ? Yo Zushi, Exploring Memory in the Graphic Novel, New Statesman (6 February 2019).




22


Ryszard Legutko, The Demon in Democracy: Totalitarian Temptations in Free Societies (Encounter Books, 2018), pp. 63, 20, 80.




23


. : Philip Oltermann, Can Europes New Xenophobes Reshape the Continent?, The Guardian (3 February 2018).




24


Legutko, The Demon in Democracy, p. 41.




25


Gabriel Tarde, The Laws of Imitation (English translation: Henry Holt and Company, 1903), p. 74.




26


        ,   ,          . ., , Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman, The Knockoff Economy: How Imitation Sparks Innovation (Oxford University Press, 2012).




27


Wade Jacoby, Imitation and Politics: Redesigning Modern Germany (Cornell University Press, 2000).




28


Thorstein Veblen, The Opportunity of Japan, Journal of Race Development 6:1 (July 1915), pp. 2338.




29


,      ,       ,    .     .        ,          ,  . ,  2016.   4,5    ,   4%   .    11 .         ,  ,     ,    .




30


       (. . ):  ,     //  ,   ⅻ . .




31


Ken Jowitt, Communism, Democracy, and Golf, Hoover Digest (30 January 2001).




32


 (  ) The Federalist Papers   85     .       . . .




33


Ken Jowitt, Communism, Democracy, and Golf, Hoover Digest (30 January 2001).




34


    . . .




35


      - -  (, ,      ). . .




36


 .     . .:   , 2019;  .  .    . .: , 2019.




37


   (Marci Shore)   .




38


 .   . .:   , 2000.




39


,           ,  :          ,    .     ,       씠         .      ,   ,             ,    . Ren Girard, Resurrection from the Underground. Feodor Dostoevsky (Michigan State University Press, 2012), pp. 8889. (   蠖  . :    . .: , 2013    . . .)




40


  ,        (V4) , ,   蠖   64   2017.  55,6   2050.,    13%.             . James Shotter, Central Europe: Running out of Steam, Financial Times (27 August 2018).




41


  ,         , ,  ,   :            15 ,     (22 )                 . Georgi Gotev, After Bulgaria, Slovakia too Fails to Ratify the Istanbul Convention, Agence France-Presse (23 February 2018).




42


Benjamin E. Goldsmith, Imitation in International Relations. Observational Learning, Analogies, and Foreign Policy in Russia and Ukraine (New York; Palgrave, 2005).




43


Jim Mattiss Letter to Trump: Full Text, The New York Times (20 December 2018).




44


        ,     (XVIIXVIII )         . . .




45


Gspr Mikls Tams, A Clarity Interfered With, in Timothy Burns (ed.), After History? (Littlefield Adams, 1994), pp. 8283.




46


.    / . . . . .: -, 2010.




47


 . . . .




48


John Feffer, Shock Waves: Eastern Europe after the Revolutions (South End Press, 1992).




49


. : Nick Thorpe, 89: The Unfinished Revolution (Reportage Press, 2009), pp. 191192.




50


    1949.  ,   (The God That Failed),      . . .




51


John Feffer, Aftershock: A Journey into Eastern Europes Broken Dreams (Zed Books, 2017), p. 34.


