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 л 19461953

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             ,      .       ()    蠄䓻 (1946),        (1947),      (1948),      (1949) 蠫    (19481952).   ,         ,    19491952.                .

         ,   .  1952                 .    -     1952    1951   .             [49 -  . .167.].       ,   ,   ,  , -, - - ,      ,         13,6[50 - GestwaK. Die Stalinschen Gro?bauten des Kommunismus. Sowjetische Technik- und Umweltgeschichte, 19481967. Munich: Oldenbourg, 2010.].            ,         :      .

         ,    ,        .   1953      5,5 ,   3%   ( 2,5  ,  150  ,  2,8    )[51 - ., .  . .151.             1,2  (StibbeM., McDermottK. De-Stalinising Eastern Europe: The Dilemmas of Rehabilitation// McDermottK., StibbeM. De-Stalinising Eastern Europe: the Rehabilitation of Stalins Victims after 1953. Palgrave McMillan, 2015. P.3).].

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     1917  1953,            ,                    .                .        ,           ,      . ,       ,   :    ,    .


     :   Ƞ (19561968)

          [52 -        ,   ,    .            :    ,    ,     ,  ,   ,        ,      (.  . .:, 2018. .575).             .].             ,              XX     1956.      ,     ,           1930-   1950- .

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    ,   .  ,        19371938,           .    1939  ,  ,    : 1940-    .         , ,      ,    ,           ,     , ,   .     7679, ,    ,        ,    [54 - . .   / . . .. .: , 2006. .471472.].


         XX   ,          .         (   ),    ,         ,     .    XXII      ,    ,   [55 -  XXII  . .:, 1962.],   .

             ,       .  19541961  ,   ,  800 [56 -     .: HilgerA. Limited Rehabilitation? Historical Observations on the Legal Rehabilitation of Foreign Citizens in Todays Russia// Historical Justice in International Perspective: How Societies Are Trying to Right the Wrongs of the Past/ Ed. by M.Berg, B.Schaefer. Publication of the German Historical Institute, Cambridge University Press, 2009. P.173; CohenS.F. The Victims Return: Survivors of the Gulag After Stalin. London; New York: I.B.Tauris, 2011. P.79; GellatelyR. Stalins Curse: Battling for Communism in War and Cold War. New York: Random House LLC, 2013. P.386.]. ,          1991,   (19912004)  ,         ,        ,    [57 - .          黠//   .          . .:, 2016. .7.].

        ,     ,      .        ,         .       :      ,      .

      . ,                        .   ,      1950-    ,        (, , ,  ..),    .                .          [58 -  ,   19501980- ,   : :   .       :  3./ . .., .., .., ... .:  , 20002004.       .: AdlerN. Keeping Faith with the Party: Communist Believers Return from the Gulag. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2012; CohenS.F. The Victims Return: Survivors of the Gulag After Stalin. London, 2011; DobsonM. Khrushchevs Cold Summer: Gulag Returnees, Crime, and the Fate of Reform After Stalin. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009; GoudoeverA.P. van. The Limits of Destalinization in the Soviet Union: Political Rehabilitations in the Soviet Union Since Stalin. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1986.].

             .       ,   ,        .                        [59 - KozlovD. The Readers of Novy Mir: Coming to Terms with the Stalinist Past. Harvard University Press, 2013.]      , , [60 - JonesP. Myth, Memory, Trauma. Rethinking the Stalinist Past in the Soviet Union, 195370. Yale University Press, 2013.].   19501960-        .                   .              .

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          ,    . , 1960-   ,    , 1970-   ,  1980-    ,     . ࠫ      ,    ,      .  ,        ,   ,       ,   .  1987           [68 -          . : AdlerN. Victims of Soviet Terror: The Story of the Memorial Movement. New York: Praeger, 1993.].

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           ,    .    1990-                .                  ,    [76 - ., .: M?lksooM. The Memory Politics of Becoming European: The East European Subalterns and the Collective Memory of Europe// European journal of international relations. 2009. Vol.15. Issue 4. P.653680.],          ,  [77 - ., .: Kundakbayeva Zh., KassymovaD. Remembering and Forgetting: the State Policy of Memorializing Stalins repression in post-Soviet Kazakhstan// Nationalities Papers. 2016. Vol.44. Issue 4. P.611627.], -      ,   [78 - ., .: KasianovH. Holodomor and the Politics of Memory in Ukraine after Independence// Holodomor and Gorta Mr: Histories, Memories and Representations of Famine in Ukraine and Ireland/ Ed. by Ch. Noack, L.Janssen, V.Comerford. London, New York: Anthem Press, 2014. P.167188; .    // Pro et contra. 2009. 34 (46). .2442.].            (       ),  (   ,       .   ),  (    , 2000-   ,        ),  ( , ,    ),  (, , ),  (     ), , , , , , .


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notes








1


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