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    Microsoft      ,   ,     .   2002.     ,                -.     [7 -    Microsoft  ,   ,  ,         ,      ,    .         2000- .       2009.         . European Commission, "Antitrust: Commission Accepts Microsoft Commitments to Give Users Browser Choice," December 16, 2009, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-091941_en.htm (http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-09%E2%80%931941_en.htm).       Microsoft     .        1990.,      ,      ,         Windows. Andrew I. Gavil and Harry First, The Microsoft Antitrust Cases: Competition Policy for the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2014).    ,       28 , 21 2018.         ,      27 ,            ,    .   ,   ,       ,          ,   .  1999.,  Microsoft     ,           XX.,     ,         .     ,  Standard Oil, U. S. Steel, IBM  AT&T, .. ,      .        AT&T  1913., ,    ,     1982.,            .     IBM       1932.              1984.     ,     IBM    ,             . Tom Buerkle, "IBM Moves to Defend Mainframe Business in EU," NewYork Times, July 8, 1994, https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/08/business/worldbusiness/IHT-ibm-moves-to-defend-mainframe-business-in-eu.html (https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/08/business/worldbusiness/IHT-ibm-moves-to-defend-mainframe-business-in-eu.html).     ,        ,            .        ,         ,             .],        .   ,         .

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   䠖     ,       ,    .   ,    ,    ,       .   ,       ,      The Guardian.     ,      Verizon             [8 - Glenn Greenwald, "NSA Collecting Phone Records of Millions of Verizon Customers Daily," Guardian, June 6, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order).]. ,        -  -,  , ,        .   ,          ,   ,   -   .

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     The Guardian     The Washington Post   .      Microsoft     .

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  ,    .    ,    .     The Guardian    ,     ,   .     [12 - Glenn Greenwald, Ewen MacAskill, and Laura Poitras, "Edward Snowden: The Whistleblower Behind the NSA Surveillance Revelations," Guardian, June 11, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance).],     .

   29-  Booz Allen Hamilton,    .    .              .       [13 - Michael B. Kelley, "NSA: Snowden Stole 1.7 Million Classified Documents and Still Has Access to Most of Them," Business Insider, December 13, 2013, https://www.businessinsider.com/how-many-docs-did-snowden-take-201312 (https://www.businessinsider.com/how-many-docs-did-snowden-take-2013%E2%80%9312).],  20 2013.    ,     The Guardian  The Washington Post         [14 - Ken Dilanian, Richard A. Serrano, and Michael A. Memoli, "Snowden Smuggled Out Data on Thumb Drive, Officials Say," Los Angeles Times, June 13, 2013, http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jun/13/nation/la-na-nsa-leaks-20130614 (http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jun/13/nation/la-na-nsa-leaks-20130614).].

          ,      .         PowerPoint  41 ,     .     .          ,     .        ,               ,       [15 - Nick Hopkins, "UK Gathering Secret Intelligence Via Covert NSA Operation," Guardian, June 7, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/jun/07/uk-gathering-secret-intelligence-nsa-prism (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/jun/07/uk-gathering-secret-intelligence-nsa-prism); . Mirren Gidda, "Edward Snowden and the NSA Files Timeline," Guardian, August 21, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/23/edward-snowden-nsa-files-timeline (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/23/edward-snowden-nsa-files-timeline).].

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  , ,  젖  젖   .  1760- .      -,        ,         (    ).   1763.          ,   .         ,  ,    .           ,     ,             .

     ,         ,     ,       14   [16 - William J. Cuddihy, The Fourth Amendment: Origins and Meaning, 16021791 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 441.].            ,     49,      .   ,       [17 -  , . 442.].        ,   ,    :     .

     ,    .         ,        .       ,   ,   ,   ,  :      .          ,  ,         ,   ,    ,     ,    .     ,      ,   ࠖ  ,      ,             [18 -  , . 459.].

               .      ,        .        蠖  蠖        .          1760- .   ,     25       .   ,      ,        ,   .      ,      ,   , ,      ,          ,        [19 - Frederick S. Lane, American Privacy: The 400-Year History of Our Most Contested Right (Boston: Beacon Press, 2009),].

 ,             [20 - David Fellman, The Defendant's Rights Today (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976), 258.].    ,       ,    .               ,       [21 - William Tudor, The Life of James Otis, of Massachusetts: Containing Also, Notices of Some Contemporary Characters and Events, From the Year 1760 to 1775 (Boston: Wells and Lilly, 1823), 8788.  ,            ,         2 1776.      ,           . Brad Smith, "Remembering the Third of July," Microsoft on the Issues (blog), Microsoft, July 3, 2014, https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2014/07/03/remembering-the-third-of-july/ (https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2014/07/03/remembering-the-third-of-july/).].     ,    ,   ,            [22 - David McCullough, John Adams (NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 62. William Cranch, Memoir of the Life, Character, and Writings of John Adams (Washington, DC: Columbian Institute, 1827), 15. ,                  .             2014.,      ,        ,       . Riley v. California, 573 U.S. _ (2014), https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/13132_8l9c.pdf (https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/13%E2%80%93132_8l9c.pdf), at 2728.      2018.,      ,                . Carpenter v. United States, No. 16402, 585 U.S. (2017), https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16402_h315.pdf (https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16%E2%80%93402_h315.pdf), at 5.].

     13,   ,     .          -,   -  1789.    .      ,      [23 - Thomas K, Clancy, The Fourth Amendment: Its History and Interpretation (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2014), 6974.].     ,         ,     , ,            ,  ,    [24 -  ,  IV.].                      .  ,      , ,       [25 - Brent E. Turvey and Stan Crowder, Ethical Justice: Applied Issues for Criminal Justice Students and Professionals (Oxford: Academic Press, 2013), 18283.].

      ,      ?            1800- .  ,       .         .        ,        ,      [26 - Ex parte Jackson, 96 U.S. 727 (1878).].                  ,   ,        .

        ,         ,     - .     -   ,      ,     ,          .      ,           ,       .   ,   ,      ,   [27 - Cliff Roberson, Constitutional Law and Criminal Justice, second edition (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2016), 50; Clancy, The Fourth Amendment, 91104.].

  -        ,   ,     .

 2013.    ,         .   .    ,    ,   ,    .       ,      .                 ,  .  : ", -   .  Microsoft,   ".

 The Guardian  PRISM             .     [28 - Charlie Savage, "Government Releases Once- Secret Report on Post-9/11 Surveillance," NewYork Times, April 24, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/25/us/25stellarwind-ig-report.html (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/25/us/25stellarwind-ig-report.html).],       11 2001.                .

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   -  1942.              120000            .         .       ,       ,   ,    [32 - T.A. Frail, "The Injustice of Japanese-American Internment Camps Resonates Strongly to This Day," Smithsonian, January 2017, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/injustice-japanese-americans-internment-camps-resonates-strongly-180961422/ (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/injustice-japanese-americans-internment-camps-resonates-strongly-180961422/).].

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 30  The Washington Post  ,         :     ,      Yahoo  - Google   [33 - Barton Gellman and Ashkan Soltani, "NSA Infiltrates Links to Yahoo, Google Data Centers Worldwide, Snowden Documents Say," Washington Post, October 30, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-infiltrates-links-to-yahoo-google-data-centers-worldwide-snowden-documents-say/2013/10/30/e51d661e-416611e38b74-d89d714ca4dd_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.5c2f99fcc376 (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-infiltrates-links-to-yahoo-google-data-centers-worldwide-snowden-documents-say/2013/10/30/e51d661e-4166%E2%80%9311e3%E2%80%938b74-d89d714ca4dd_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.5c2f99fcc376).].      ,         ,        The Daily Princetonian   ,    .   ,           -        Yahoo  Google.       ,       ,             [34 - "Evidence of Microsoft's Vulnerability," Washington Post, November 26, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/world/evidence-of-microsofts-vulnerability/621/ (https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/world/evidence-of-microsofts-vulnerability/621/).].  ,       .               .

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  The Washington Post ,             ,    , ,  ,      .  ,           .       .   , ,    , ,  ,   ,    .

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      ,      Apple  ,    Google  ,   Facebook  ,   Netflix      .        .    頖       ,    ,       (Reform Government Surveillance).             ,          .                  .

        ⠖  ,    ,   ,   [36 - "Roosevelt Room," White House Museum, accessed February 20, 2019, http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/west-wing/roosevelt-room.htm (http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/west-wing/roosevelt-room.htm).].       ,    ,   ,  .              [37 -      -  1898. 1-     ,      . . .].   ,      90    .

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               ,        .          .      ,  Zynga, ,  -   ,  ,   .    ,  ,       [38 -    ,     ,    . Seth Rosenblatt, "'Pardon Snowden,' One Tech Exec Tells Obama, Report Says," CNET, December 18, 2013, https://www.cnet.com/news/pardon-snowden-one-tech-exec-tells-obama-report-says/ (https://www.cnet.com/news/pardon-snowden-one-tech-exec-tells-obama-report-says/); Dean Takahashi, "Zynga's Mark Pincus Asked Obama to Pardon NSA Leaker Edward Snowden," VentureBeat, December 19, 2013, https://venturebeat.com/2013/12/19/zyngas-mark-pincus-asked-president-obama-to-pardon-nsa-leaker-edward-snowden/ (https://venturebeat.com/2013/12/19/zyngas-mark-pincus-asked-president-obama-to-pardon-nsa-leaker-edward-snowden/).].

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 , 17 2014.,            [39 - "Transcript of President Obama's Jan. 17 Speech on NSA Reform," Washington Post, January 17, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/full-text-of-president-obamas-jan-17-speech-on-nsa-reforms/2014/01/17/fa33590a-7f8c-11e395564a4bf7bcbd84_story.html?utm_term=.c8d2871c4f72 (https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/full-text-of-president-obamas-jan-17-speech-on-nsa-reforms/2014/01/17/fa33590a-7f8c-11e3%E2%80%939556%E2%80%934a4bf7bcbd84_story.html?utm_term=.c8d2871c4f72).].    ,     ,     .    ,  Microsoft  Google  ,       ,  ,          .  ,       ,                       .  Google,   ,            ,    .

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,     ,   ,   .       2002.,  23  , ,     The Wall Street Journal  [40 - "Reporter Daniel Pearl Is Dead, Killed by His Captors in Pakistan," Wall Street Journal, February 24, 2002, http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/pearl-022102.htm (http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/pearl-022102.htm).].         -,         Hotmail   ,     .                    F-16   .  ,           .     ࠖ  .

         ,    .               ,          ,          [41 - Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Public Law 99508, 99th Cong., 2d sess. (October 21, 1986), 18 U.S.C. 2702.b.].  , ,   .

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 1986.        ,       (Electronic Communications Privacy Act),       ECPA.      ,      -   ,   ,          .

     ,  1986.      ,     .   ECPA     ,        .         ,    ,       ,         ,       [42 - Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Public Law 99508, 99th Cong., 2d sess. (October 21, 1986), 18 U.S.C. Chapter 121  2701 et seq.].             .           .

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       Microsoft   .           ,      ,              .   ,      -.     ,       ,         .     LENS  ,   ,    ,     .    ,        ,       ,     .




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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


    ,       -. ,            ,    2300.  ..       ,   ,   2000     .        ,   ,  ,   . Lionel Casson, Libraries in the Ancient World (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), 34.  ,          .

        ,    - ,    , ,  .       ,            .    ,    300.  ..,  490000 . Casson, Libraries, 36.            ,       .      121. ..          ,          . James W. P. Campbell, The Library: A World History (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2013), 95.




2


           .  1898.  ,   ,       .                      .       ,    .            ,         .         ,          .    ,      ,     .

   ,    ,   .    ,   頖       .        ,       ,     ,         ,   .            .    . James Ward, The Perfection of the Paper Clip: Curious Tales of Invention, Accidental Genius, and Stationery Obsession (NewYork: Atria Books, 2015), 25556.




3


David Reinsel, John Gantz, and John Rydning, Data Age 2025: The Digitization of the World From Edge to Core (IDC White Paper #US44413318, Sponsored by Seagate), November 2018, 6, https://www.seagate.com/files/www-content/our-story/trends/files/idc-seagate-dataage-whitepaper.pdf (https://www.seagate.com/files/www-content/our-story/trends/files/idc-seagate-dataage-whitepaper.pdf).




4


       .  60%       . . .




5


Jo?o Marques Lima, "Data centres of the world will consume 1/5 of Earth's power by 2025," Data Economy, December 12, 2017, https://data-economy.com/data-centres-world-will-consume-15-earths-power-2025/ (https://data-economy.com/data-centres-world-will-consume-1%E2%80%935-earths-power-2025/).




6


Ryan Naraine, "Microsoft Makes Giant Anti-Spyware Acquisition," eWEEK, December 16, 2004, http://www.eweek.com/news/microsoft-makes-giant-anti-spyware-acquisition (http://www.eweek.com/news/microsoft-makes-giant-anti-spyware-acquisition).




7


   Microsoft  ,   ,  ,         ,      ,    .         2000- .       2009.         . European Commission, "Antitrust: Commission Accepts Microsoft Commitments to Give Users Browser Choice," December 16, 2009, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-091941_en.htm (http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-09%E2%80%931941_en.htm).

       Microsoft     .        1990.,      ,      ,         Windows. Andrew I. Gavil and Harry First, The Microsoft Antitrust Cases: Competition Policy for the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2014).    ,       28 , 21 2018.         ,      27 ,            ,    .

   ,   ,       ,          ,   .  1999.,  Microsoft     ,           XX.,     ,         .     ,  Standard Oil, U. S. Steel, IBM  AT&T, .. ,      .        AT&T  1913., ,    ,     1982.,            .     IBM       1932.              1984.     ,     IBM    ,             . Tom Buerkle, "IBM Moves to Defend Mainframe Business in EU," NewYork Times, July 8, 1994, https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/08/business/worldbusiness/IHT-ibm-moves-to-defend-mainframe-business-in-eu.html (https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/08/business/worldbusiness/IHT-ibm-moves-to-defend-mainframe-business-in-eu.html).

     ,        ,            .        ,         ,             .




8


Glenn Greenwald, "NSA Collecting Phone Records of Millions of Verizon Customers Daily," Guardian, June 6, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order).




9


Glenn Greenwald and Ewen MacAskill, "NSA Prism Program Taps In to User Data of Apple, Google and Others," Guardian, June 7, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data).




10


Benjamin Dreyfuss and Emily Dreyfuss, "What Is the NSA's PRISM Program? (FAQ)," CNET, June 7, 2013, https://www.cnet.com/news/what-is-the-nsas-prism-program-faq/ (https://www.cnet.com/news/what-is-the-nsas-prism-program-faq/).




11


 ,        ,        ,   ,   ,         . Robert O'Harrow Jr., Ellen Nakashima, and Barton Gellman, "U.S., Company Officials: Internet Surveillance Does Not Indiscriminately Mine Data," Washington Post, June 8, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-company-officials-internet-surveillance-does-not-indiscriminately-mine-data/2013/06/08/5b3bb234-d07d-11e29f1a-1a7cdee20287_story.html?utm_term=.b5761610edb1 (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-company-officials-internet-surveillance-does-not-indiscriminately-mine-data/2013/06/08/5b3bb234-d07d-11e2%E2%80%939f1a-1a7cdee20287_story.html?utm_term=.b5761610edb1).




12


Glenn Greenwald, Ewen MacAskill, and Laura Poitras, "Edward Snowden: The Whistleblower Behind the NSA Surveillance Revelations," Guardian, June 11, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance).




13


Michael B. Kelley, "NSA: Snowden Stole 1.7 Million Classified Documents and Still Has Access to Most of Them," Business Insider, December 13, 2013, https://www.businessinsider.com/how-many-docs-did-snowden-take-201312 (https://www.businessinsider.com/how-many-docs-did-snowden-take-2013%E2%80%9312).




14


Ken Dilanian, Richard A. Serrano, and Michael A. Memoli, "Snowden Smuggled Out Data on Thumb Drive, Officials Say," Los Angeles Times, June 13, 2013, http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jun/13/nation/la-na-nsa-leaks-20130614 (http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jun/13/nation/la-na-nsa-leaks-20130614).




15


Nick Hopkins, "UK Gathering Secret Intelligence Via Covert NSA Operation," Guardian, June 7, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/jun/07/uk-gathering-secret-intelligence-nsa-prism (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/jun/07/uk-gathering-secret-intelligence-nsa-prism); . Mirren Gidda, "Edward Snowden and the NSA Files Timeline," Guardian, August 21, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/23/edward-snowden-nsa-files-timeline (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/23/edward-snowden-nsa-files-timeline).




16


William J. Cuddihy, The Fourth Amendment: Origins and Meaning, 16021791 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 441.




17


 , . 442.




18


 , . 459.




19


Frederick S. Lane, American Privacy: The 400-Year History of Our Most Contested Right (Boston: Beacon Press, 2009),




20


David Fellman, The Defendant's Rights Today (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976), 258.




21


William Tudor, The Life of James Otis, of Massachusetts: Containing Also, Notices of Some Contemporary Characters and Events, From the Year 1760 to 1775 (Boston: Wells and Lilly, 1823), 8788.  ,            ,         2 1776.      ,           . Brad Smith, "Remembering the Third of July," Microsoft on the Issues (blog), Microsoft, July 3, 2014, https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2014/07/03/remembering-the-third-of-july/ (https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2014/07/03/remembering-the-third-of-july/).




22


David McCullough, John Adams (NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 62. William Cranch, Memoir of the Life, Character, and Writings of John Adams (Washington, DC: Columbian Institute, 1827), 15. ,                  .             2014.,      ,        ,       . Riley v. California, 573 U.S. _ (2014), https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/13132_8l9c.pdf (https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/13%E2%80%93132_8l9c.pdf), at 2728.      2018.,      ,                . Carpenter v. United States, No. 16402, 585 U.S. (2017), https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16402_h315.pdf (https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16%E2%80%93402_h315.pdf), at 5.




23


Thomas K, Clancy, The Fourth Amendment: Its History and Interpretation (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2014), 6974.




24


 ,  IV.




25


Brent E. Turvey and Stan Crowder, Ethical Justice: Applied Issues for Criminal Justice Students and Professionals (Oxford: Academic Press, 2013), 18283.




26


Ex parte Jackson, 96 U.S. 727 (1878).




27


Cliff Roberson, Constitutional Law and Criminal Justice, second edition (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2016), 50; Clancy, The Fourth Amendment, 91104.




28


Charlie Savage, "Government Releases Once- Secret Report on Post-9/11 Surveillance," NewYork Times, April 24, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/25/us/25stellarwind-ig-report.html (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/25/us/25stellarwind-ig-report.html).




29


Terri Diane Halperin, The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Testing the Constitution (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2016), 4243.




30


 , . 5960.




31


David Greenberg, "Lincoln's Crackdown," Slate, November 30, 2001, https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2001/11/lincoln-s-suspension-of-habeas-corpus.html (https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2001/11/lincoln-s-suspension-of-habeas-corpus.html).




32


T.A. Frail, "The Injustice of Japanese-American Internment Camps Resonates Strongly to This Day," Smithsonian, January 2017, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/injustice-japanese-americans-internment-camps-resonates-strongly-180961422/ (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/injustice-japanese-americans-internment-camps-resonates-strongly-180961422/).




33


Barton Gellman and Ashkan Soltani, "NSA Infiltrates Links to Yahoo, Google Data Centers Worldwide, Snowden Documents Say," Washington Post, October 30, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-infiltrates-links-to-yahoo-google-data-centers-worldwide-snowden-documents-say/2013/10/30/e51d661e-416611e38b74-d89d714ca4dd_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.5c2f99fcc376 (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-infiltrates-links-to-yahoo-google-data-centers-worldwide-snowden-documents-say/2013/10/30/e51d661e-4166%E2%80%9311e3%E2%80%938b74-d89d714ca4dd_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.5c2f99fcc376).




34


"Evidence of Microsoft's Vulnerability," Washington Post, November 26, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/world/evidence-of-microsofts-vulnerability/621/ (https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/world/evidence-of-microsofts-vulnerability/621/).




35


Craig Timberg, Barton Gellman, and Ashkan Soltani, "Microsoft, Suspecting NSA Spying, to Ramp Up Efforts to Encrypt Its Internet Traffic," Washington Post, November 26, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/microsoft-suspecting-nsa-spying-to-ramp-up-efforts-to-encrypt-its-internet-traffic/2013/11/26/44236b4856a911e38304-caf30787c0a9_story.html?utm_term=.69201c4e9ed8 (https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/microsoft-suspecting-nsa-spying-to-ramp-up-efforts-to-encrypt-its-internet-traffic/2013/11/26/44236b48%E2%80%9356a9%E2%80%9311e3%E2%80%938304-caf30787c0a9_story.html?utm_term=.69201c4e9ed8).




36


"Roosevelt Room," White House Museum, accessed February 20, 2019, http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/west-wing/roosevelt-room.htm (http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/west-wing/roosevelt-room.htm).




37


     -  1898. 1-     ,      . . .




38


   ,     ,    . Seth Rosenblatt, "'Pardon Snowden,' One Tech Exec Tells Obama, Report Says," CNET, December 18, 2013, https://www.cnet.com/news/pardon-snowden-one-tech-exec-tells-obama-report-says/ (https://www.cnet.com/news/pardon-snowden-one-tech-exec-tells-obama-report-says/); Dean Takahashi, "Zynga's Mark Pincus Asked Obama to Pardon NSA Leaker Edward Snowden," VentureBeat, December 19, 2013, https://venturebeat.com/2013/12/19/zyngas-mark-pincus-asked-president-obama-to-pardon-nsa-leaker-edward-snowden/ (https://venturebeat.com/2013/12/19/zyngas-mark-pincus-asked-president-obama-to-pardon-nsa-leaker-edward-snowden/).




39


"Transcript of President Obama's Jan. 17 Speech on NSA Reform," Washington Post, January 17, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/full-text-of-president-obamas-jan-17-speech-on-nsa-reforms/2014/01/17/fa33590a-7f8c-11e395564a4bf7bcbd84_story.html?utm_term=.c8d2871c4f72 (https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/full-text-of-president-obamas-jan-17-speech-on-nsa-reforms/2014/01/17/fa33590a-7f8c-11e3%E2%80%939556%E2%80%934a4bf7bcbd84_story.html?utm_term=.c8d2871c4f72).




40


"Reporter Daniel Pearl Is Dead, Killed by His Captors in Pakistan," Wall Street Journal, February 24, 2002, http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/pearl-022102.htm (http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/pearl-022102.htm).




41


Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Public Law 99508, 99th Cong., 2d sess. (October 21, 1986), 18 U.S.C. 2702.b.




42


Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Public Law 99508, 99th Cong., 2d sess. (October 21, 1986), 18 U.S.C. Chapter 121  2701 et seq.




43


Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Public Law 99508, 99th Cong., 2d sess. (October 21, 1986), 18 U.S.C. 2705.b.




44


"Law Enforcement Requests Report," Corporate Social Responsibility, Microsoft, last modified June 2018, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/about/corporate-responsibility/lerr/ (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/about/corporate-responsibility/lerr/).


