    : , , 
  


         .                   .           .          ,  ,  , ,     .     ,     .                      .

     , , ,       ,      .







    : , , 








             ,             ,         . ,  ,       ,      VI  ,    .        ,    ,   ,  ,   -,             .        ,   .

   ,   ,    .      International Data Corporation (IDC),       2019 .  1,25  .         ,    ,      16,7%   2022 .   2  .[1 - www.itweek.ru/digitalization/article/detail.php?ID=204211.]              ,        2025 .  100  .

    ,     ,        ,          ,      [2 -  ..,  ..   : , ,  //   . 2018. 5. . 11.].

       ,      ,     ,       ,  ,        ..

                          .  ,    , ,          .

       ,         ,      .     ,          40%. ,          ( 1040%),    ( 3050%),     ( 2050%),    ( 1020%),   ( 2050%)  ..            .     29%  ,   2022 .     42%,   2025 .  52%.

           ,  ,       ,  ,      ,                ,    .            .        ,           20  30% [3 - Digital conomy Report UNCTAD, 2019. . 48.].      ,          .                  ,      .

 ,             ,             ,        .   ,   ,           ,       2018 .           2024 ,                    .  ,           ,    2018 .        .

      ,                  .               ,         .              ,    ,  - ,     .

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 ,            , ,    .     .    , , ,   ,     ,    ,      ,        .            I-,    I-.            I-   .

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 1

      





1.1.    ?


  ,                ,      ,   ,   ,      .       ,       ,     ,        ,          .    .    -        ,          -    ,      .

       軠   ,      () .               -  (),      ,    ,     ,  , ,           .

   ,      ,       ,    VI  ,    .    ,    , -, ,  .    ,    ,   ,  ,  ,  , ,   ,     ..

      ,       ,     ,   ,   -,                 .                   .                 .

         ,    ,    .       ,       [4 -  .    . .: , 2019. . 9091.] (. . 1.1).



 1.1.      




 :  .    . .: , 2019. . 9091.



 ,     ,      . -,   ,     -,    ()   ,   , - . -    ,      -,    . -            , ,  ,   -    ,     .

                (. . 1.1).      ,          40%[5 - Digital Transformation Initiative. Unlocking $100 Trillion for Business and Society from Digital Transformation. Executive summary. 2018. . 12. www.weforum.org/digital-transformation/wp-content/blos.dir/94/mp/files/pages/files/ti-executive-summary-20180510.pdf.].             ,     [6 - What is Competitiveness? www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/09/what-is-competitiveness.].






. 1.1.      

:  :   /  McKinsey Global Institute. 2017 (). . 22. www.mckinsey.com/ru/our-insights.



      ,        ( )        .        ,     100     1992 .   46600     2017 .  ,   2022 .       150700   [7 - UNTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. . 9.].     500   (    140 ), 294   , 65    WhatsApp.     3,8     Google   4,5    YouTobe[8 -  .    // . 2019. 13(1147). . 53.].

      ,  ,    .            .         ,    ,   , ,   .                  [9 - UNCTAD. Digital Economy Report 2019. . 29.].

,       80                .    ,           .

 ,         ,       .    ,     ,     ,   ,          ,     [10 - Desjardins Jeff How the Internet of Things has Evolved Over the Last 50 years. WEF, 2018. www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/how-the-internet-of-things-has evolved over-the-last-50-years.].

  IDC (International Data Corporation),  2025 .             4900   ,      18 .       298     2010 .  584  2015 .             [11 - UNTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. P. 7.].

         ,   , , , , .     ,  ,  ,  ,      .        ,    , .

        , ..    , ,   ,          , ,    ,       ,     ,     . ,    ,       ,  Simens,            .           General Electric.

         ,     . ,      ,      73  .[12 -    :     . World Bank Group 2018. . 25. documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/848071539115489168/pdf/Competing-in-the-Digital-Age-Policy-Implications-for-the-Russian-Federation-Russia-Digital-Economy-Report.pdf.]             , ,      ,          .

      ,               .                   (    )    ,                    .

  ,    ,         ,           .              ,    ,       [13 -  .      // . 2016. 48. . 74.].  ,    ,         ,   .

 ,   ,     ,     .         . , ,   Siemens AG, Wittenstein, Robert Bosch, Rolls Royce  General Electric      -,     ,    (   ,   RFID-)    (),        [14 -  ..   -       / ..  //   : - . 2017. 1(135). . 37.].

      McKinsey Global Institute,        4  11  . 2025 .,          .

          ,  . , ,   ()       ,    ,     ,   .. ,      2030 .        13  .,  1,2%-   [15 - UNCTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. . 8.].          . ,   2014  2017 .         40  ., ,   ,  2024 .    140  .         ,    30          .               2030 .       10  2019 . 490.

          ,         .      ,       . , ,  ,    ,    ,    .        ,     ,   ,    , , ,  .

         ,      .       Bain,        49 .,    36 .,           4 . (       )[16 - expert.ru/expert/2019/01/iskusstvennyij-intellekt-na-grani-nervnogo-sryiva.].

    ,                ,     .              . ,             ,   ,      ,   .       ,    GPS.         - ,   ,  ,        .        ,    ,  (,  ), , ,  ,  ,  4.0[17 -  .     // . 2019. 40. 30 . . 48.].

, ,       1015  .     2018 .         ,       2020 .        ,           ,   .

  ,  2018 .        ,   1,25  .       20192023 .        2014 .    .    1,26  .[18 -  . . 49.].           ,          .

 ,   ,                     ,   .         .           ,        57  (. . 1.2).     .

   ,            -,       .  ,        -,         .    -     ,       ,   ,     .



 1.2.   ,   ,      









 :   : 2018. . . .:  , 2018. . 242250; 2019. . 222230.



         ,           ( ,     )         ,          .       -       .

            . ,  2017 .   ,         100  .,    7  .,   67% ,   2015 .[19 - UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2019/23.].    ,    90%       ,    90%   (Apple, Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft     ).          Yahoo, Twitter, eBay, Snapchat, Pinterest, Uber  .         ,       [20 -  .  :    //   . 2019. 2 (60). . 33.].            . ,  90%        Google.   Facebook  ?    ,         .  40%   -     Amazon[21 - UNCTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. . 8.].

    -     . -,     ,       . -,                . -,   ,      ,    ,       ,  .

      -        ,      ,    ,      .     ,   ,      ,    ,     [22 - integral-russia.ru/2019/09/10/tsifrovye-instrumenty-tsifrovoj-ekonomiki-bazovye-voprosy-i-opredeleniya.].

 ,          (sharing economy).       ,   -, -  ,            [23 - The feasibility of measuring the sharing economy: November 2017 progress update. UK Office for National Statistics, 9 November 2017. www.ons.gov.uk/economy/economicoutputandproductivity/output/articles/thefeasibilityofmeasuringthesharingeconomy/november2017progressupdate#defining-the-sharung-economy.].          ,   , ,          ,                    . , ,    ,        2014 .  0,5   ,   2025 .  9   [24 -           :     .  , 2018. . 33.].

                 .          ,        ,      ,       .         -໠  .         ,     ,              -, , ,    . , ,          ,         .




1.2.     


         ,      ,      .    ,   , .          (). ,      ,         ,     ,       BCG (The Boston Consulting Group),          5%  .   ,    1015        ,  2035 .          16  .[25 -     /      2016 . ar2016.rostec.ru/vanguard.]

     , . .        ,       .     Huawei ()  Oxford Economics ()         2016 .    11,5  .,  15,5%  .   ,           ,               . ,   2025 .     24,3%  [26 -   :  Huawei &Oxford Economics, 2017.].

 ,             100     ,   ,         ,     .  ,   ,       ,      20 .           ,     13 .  ,        ,    ,  6,7       [27 -  .].

       -             .       ,     -       ,  - ,       ,          .

  15            .        ,      : 35%     , 13 %  , 8%     25%  [28 -  .].

        . ,   ,  2017 .      6,9%  (   )  21,6% (   ),   6  30% [29 - UNTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. . 48.].       75%      , 50%       ,  75%      . ,      90%       .  :    4%,          1%.

   ,  ,  irosoft         Apple, Amazon, Tencent, Google, Fasebook  libaba,  ?   .  ,        ,      ,       [30 - Ibid. P. XVI.].

                  .   ,            , ,        ,  .

, ,             2025 .      ,  ..  ,        .       ,    ,    ,       .   ,        ,    ,      ,     .      ,       ,   ,  [31 -  .     // . 2019. 24. 24 .].

   ,              0,150,25 .. .  , ,         [32 -  ..      // . 2019. . 63. 5. . 41.].

    .      ,      ,         .    ,      ,    -       . ,      -          ,      , ,  .

        ,       (World Digital Competitiveness Ranking),           (International Institute for Management Development, IMD).   2019 .   63      51 ,       ,   ,     ,   ,  I-  ..

   ,           5   , ,  ,  (. . 1.3).    ,   2019 .  9-   6-   .             .       ,          ,     30   22   - .



 1.3.  -,   ,          2019 . (Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2019)




*   2017 .

: Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2019. www.imd.org/wcc/world-competitiveness-center-rankings/world-digital-competitiveness-rankings-2019.



      .      ,   38 ,              .     ,  ,       (   , -   IT-),       ,     - .

         ,  2017 .        3,6%,           ,     . ,   2030 .     4,6% [33 -  ..,  ..,  ..      . issek.hse.ru/data/2018/07/04/1152915836/NTI_N_91_04072018.pdf.].   ,         (       ), , ,    ..           ,       [34 -  ..           //   . 2019. 2(60). . 47.].  ,      ,      2030 .  3050%  .

             ,       ,         .    ,   ,      ,   ,             .    ,         .

  ,             . ,                         -, ,   ,       .            .  2017 .     810%     .        -:   90%     ,       70%,     30%[35 -       IoT    .   Json&PartnersConsulting , 2018.].

             ,     2018 .  2  .    90%        (G20).                2%.   ,         ,    - ,    ,     [36 -  ..      //     . 2019. . 218. . 332.].

 ,            - ,        .       2018 .       95  .,            10%.      Amazon     30,5  .,      ,   ,   ,        [37 -  .].            .  2017 . Alibaba     3,6  ., Tencent  2,7  ., Baidu  1,99  . ,   15            -15 ,        (. . 1.4).



 1.4.           (  .)




: 2019 Global R&D Funding Forecast//R&D Magazine. 2019/ March. digital.rdmag.com/researchanddevelopment/2019_global_r_d_funding_forecas.



               ,        .

    ,          , , ,       ,        (. . 1.5).       ,             .

       ,                   .        ,            .  ,           , ,         (. . 1.6).   , 32  36        .



 1.5. -    ,     (  .)




:  :  . Digital McKinsey. 25.10.2018.



,          ,             .                     ,       ,         .                  ,      .



 1.6.              




:  :  . Digital McKinsey. 25.10.2018.



 ,              ,       .

                ,         .      -      ,                  ,        .

, ,  2015 .      Digital Economy Agenda (  ),          ,   ,        ,    .                 ,       2016 .   4  .       [38 - :       . . 1. .: , 2016. . 42.]:

     ,     98%           4G.   5  .;

   ;

         ;

   ,            .    3  .

                    ,  ,   .   2011 .            (Advanced Manufacturing Partnership, AMP).   ,     , , ,   ,          (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST).

           .         ,          , -    .   2017 .      ,      .

         ,           .

         ,                  .  ,         .   2010 .       ,              ,         .    ,        .       :   ; ;   ;          ,       . .                  .

 2015 .         ,     ,    ,        ,                [39 -    , 2017,   [ShapingtheDigital SingleMarket, 2017, EuropeanCommission]. ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/digital-single-market.].

  ,   ,         ,                 ,      .  ,    , 41%             2%      [40 -  .         . www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B.]. ,         ,         ,      .

                   2020 (Entrepreneurship 2020 ActionPlan),            2020 .  .

      ,       ,  :

1)      - (-)     ,      ,     ,      ;

2)  -        ,      ;




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=62777536)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


www.itweek.ru/digitalization/article/detail.php?ID=204211.




2


 ..,  ..   : , ,  //   . 2018. 5. . 11.




3


Digital conomy Report UNCTAD, 2019. . 48.




4


 .    . .: , 2019. . 9091.




5


Digital Transformation Initiative. Unlocking $100 Trillion for Business and Society from Digital Transformation. Executive summary. 2018. . 12. www.weforum.org/digital-transformation/wp-content/blos.dir/94/mp/files/pages/files/ti-executive-summary-20180510.pdf.




6


What is Competitiveness? www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/09/what-is-competitiveness.




7


UNTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. . 9.




8


 .    // . 2019. 13(1147). . 53.




9


UNCTAD. Digital Economy Report 2019. . 29.




10


Desjardins Jeff How the Internet of Things has Evolved Over the Last 50 years. WEF, 2018. www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/how-the-internet-of-things-has evolved over-the-last-50-years.




11


UNTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. P. 7.




12


   :     . World Bank Group 2018. . 25. documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/848071539115489168/pdf/Competing-in-the-Digital-Age-Policy-Implications-for-the-Russian-Federation-Russia-Digital-Economy-Report.pdf.




13


 .      // . 2016. 48. . 74.




14


 ..   -       / ..  //   : - . 2017. 1(135). . 37.




15


UNCTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. . 8.




16


expert.ru/expert/2019/01/iskusstvennyij-intellekt-na-grani-nervnogo-sryiva.




17


 .     // . 2019. 40. 30 . . 48.




18


 . . 49.




19


UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2019/23.




20


 .  :    //   . 2019. 2 (60). . 33.




21


UNCTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. . 8.




22


integral-russia.ru/2019/09/10/tsifrovye-instrumenty-tsifrovoj-ekonomiki-bazovye-voprosy-i-opredeleniya.




23


The feasibility of measuring the sharing economy: November 2017 progress update. UK Office for National Statistics, 9 November 2017. www.ons.gov.uk/economy/economicoutputandproductivity/output/articles/thefeasibilityofmeasuringthesharingeconomy/november2017progressupdate#defining-the-sharung-economy.




24


          :     .  , 2018. . 33.




25


    /      2016 . ar2016.rostec.ru/vanguard.




26


  :  Huawei &Oxford Economics, 2017.




27


 .




28


 .




29


UNTAD Digital Economy Report 2019. . 48.




30


Ibid. P. XVI.




31


 .     // . 2019. 24. 24 .




32


 ..      // . 2019. . 63. 5. . 41.




33


 ..,  ..,  ..      . issek.hse.ru/data/2018/07/04/1152915836/NTI_N_91_04072018.pdf.




34


 ..           //   . 2019. 2(60). . 47.




35


      IoT    .   Json&PartnersConsulting , 2018.




36


 ..      //     . 2019. . 218. . 332.




37


 .




38


:       . . 1. .: , 2016. . 42.




39


   , 2017,   [ShapingtheDigital SingleMarket, 2017, EuropeanCommission]. ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/digital-single-market.




40


 .         . www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B.


