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     젖 ,   ,   .      ,   ,    ,       [21 - C. R. Smarandache-Wellmann, Arthropod Neurons and Nervous System, Current Biology 26 (2016): R960R965.].         - -  .     ,  堖      ,      .   , ,         .  ,   .     ,          . ,    ,     젖           ,      ,    [22 - S. Koenig, R. Wolf, and M. Heisenberg, Visual Attention in Flies Dopamine in the Mushroom Bodies Mediates the After-Effect of Cueing, PLoS One 11 (2016): e0161412; B. van Swinderen, Attention in Drosophila, International Review of Neurobiology 99 (2011): 5185.].



蠖   :   .    젖    .  , ,  550       蠖   ,  ,    ,     [23 - D. H. Erwin, M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani, and K. J. Peterson, The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals, Science 334 (211): 109197; B. Runnegar and J. Pojeta Jr., Molluscan Phylogeny: The Paleontological Viewpoint, Science 186 (1974): 31117.].     ,  ,       ;        300  [24 - J. Kluessendorf and P. Doyle, Pohlsepia mazonensis, an Early Octopus from the Carboniferous of Illinois, USA, Palaeontology 43 (2000): 91926; A. R. Tanner, D. Fuchs, I. E. Winkelmann, M. T. Gilbert, M. S. Pankey, A. M. Ribeiro, K. M. Kocot, K. M. Halanych, T. H. Oakley, R. R. da Fonseca, D. Pisani, and J. Vinther, Molecular Clocks Indicate Turnover and Diversification of Modern Coleoid Cephalopods during the Mesozoic Marine Revolution, Proceedings of Royal Society, B, Biological Sciences 284 (2017): 20162818.].

,         [25 - P. Godfrey-Smith, Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness (NewYork: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016); S. Montgomery, The Soul of an Octopus (NewYork: Atria Books, 2015).].           .   ,   젖   ,        :     ,     .   ,     .        ,   ,   ,     ,     .          ,    ,             .  ,      .  , -         .

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        [44 - E. F. Camacho and C. Bordons Alba, Model Predictive Control (NewYork: Springer, 2004); R. C. Conant and W. R. Ashby, Every Good Regulator of a System Must Be a Model of That System, International Journal of Systems Science 1 (1970): 8997; B. A. Francis and W. M. Wonham, The Internal Model Principle of Control Theory, Automatica 12 (1976): 45765.]. ,   - ,     ,   ,        .      ,     ,   .     ,    .   -     ࠖ      .    , ,     ,    ,   .

      .       ,    ࠖ         [45 - M. S. A. Graziano and M. M. Botvinick, How the Brain Represents the Body: Insights from Neurophysiology and Psychology, in Common Mechanisms in Perception and Action: Attention and Performance XIX, ed. W. Prinz and B. Hommel (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002), 13657; N. Holmes and C. Spence, The Body Schema and the Multisensory Representation (s) of Personal Space, Cognitive Processing 5 (2004): 94105; F. de Vignemont, Mind the Body: An Exploration of Bodily Self-Awareness (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018).].      ,    [46 - H. Head and G. Holmes, Sensory Disturbances from Cerebral Lesions, Brain 34 (1911): 102254; G. Vallar and R. Ronchi, Somatoparaphrenia: A Body Delusion. A Review of the Neuropsychological Literature, Experimental Brain Research 192 (2009): 53351.].          ,     .   蠖   -,  ,  .             .             :     .   ,   ,   :    .   ,   ,     ,       [47 - A. M. Haith and J. W. Krakauer, Model-Based and Model-Free Mechanisms of Human Motor Learning, in Progress in Motor Control: Neural Computational and Dynamic Approaches, Volume 782, ed. M. Richardson, M. Riley, and K. Shockley (NewYork: Springer, 2013), 121; S. M. McDougle, K. M. Bond, and J. A. Taylor, Explicit and Implicit Processes Constitute the Fast and Slow Processes of Sensorimotor Learning, Journal of Neuroscience 35 (2015): 956879; R. Shadmehr and F. A. Mussa-Ivaldi, Adaptive Representation of Dynamics during Learning of a Motor Task, Journal of Neuroscience 14 (1994): 320824.]




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notes








1


Elephant in the Room (.)  ,    -    ,     ,          ,   -       . .  -    . . .




2


          . M. S. A. Graziano, The Intelligent Movement Machine (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2008); M. S. A. Graziano, The Spaces between Us: A Story of Neuroscience, Evolution, and Human Nature (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2018).




3


       . ,           . M. S. A. Graziano and S. Kastner, Human Consciousness and Its Relationship to Social Neuroscience: A Novel Hypothesis, Cognitive Neuroscience 2 (2011): 98113; M. S. A. Graziano, Consciousness and the Social Brain (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013); T. W. Webb and M. S. A. Graziano, The Attention Schema Theory: A Mechanistic Account of Subjective Awareness, Frontiers in Psychology 6 (2015): article 500.




4


      ,  ,    .            ,   . S. J. Blackmore, Consciousness In Meme Machines, Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (2003): 1930; P. S. Churchland, Touching a Nerve: Our Brains, Our Selves (NewYork: W. W. Norton, 2013); F. Crick, The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul (NewYork: Scribner, 1995); S. Dehaene, Consciousness and the Brain (NewYork: Viking Press, 2014); D. Dennett, Consciousness Explained (Boston: Back Bay Books, 1991); K. Frankish, Illusionism as a Theory of Consciousness, Journal of Consciousness Studies 23 (2016): 1139; R. J. Gennaro, Consciousness and Self Consciousness: A Defense of the Higher Order Thought Theory of Consciousness (Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 1996); O. Holland and R. Goodman, Robots with Internal Models: A Route to Machine Consciousness? Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (2003): 77109; T. Metzinger, The Ego Tunnel: The Science of the Mind and the Myth of the Self (NewYork: Basic Books, 2009).




5


D.Chalmers, Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness, Journal of Consciousness Studies 2 (1995): 200219.




6


       ,     ,   : O. Holland and R. Goodman, Robots with Internal Models: A Route to Machine Consciousness? Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (2003): 77109.




7


G. Ryle, The Concept of Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949).




8


J. Joyce, Ulysses (Paris: Sylvia Beach, 1922).  :  .  / . . .   . ; . . . .: , 1993.




9


D. Chalmers, The Character of Consciousness (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2010); T. Nagel, What Is It Like to Be a Bat? The Philosophical Review 83 (1974): 43550; J. R. Searle, Consciousness, Annual Review of Neuroscience 23 (2000): 55778.




10


R. A. Koene, Scope and Resolution in Neural Prosthetics and Special Concerns for the Emulation of a Whole Brain, Journal of Geoethical Nanotechnology 1 (2006): 2129; R. Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology (NewYork: Penguin Books, 2006); H. Markram, E. Muller, S. Ramaswamy, M. W. Reimann, M. Abdellah, C. A. Sanchez, A. Ailamaki, etal., Reconstruction and Simulation of Neocortical Microcircuitry, Cell 163 (2015): 45692; A. Sandberg and N. Bostrom, Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap, Technical Report #20083, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, 2008.




11


        ,       (   ,  ).  : C. Montemayor and H. H. Haladjian, Consciousness, Attention, and Conscious Attention (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015); R. Ornstein, Evolution of Consciousness: The Origins of the Way We Think (NewYork: Simon & Schuster, 1991).




12


O. Sakarya, K. A. Armstrong, M. Adamska, M. Adamski, I. F. Wang, B. Tidor, B. M. Degnan, T. H. Oakley, and K. S. Kosik, A Post-Synaptic Scaffold at the Origin of the Animal Kingdom, PLoS One 2 (2007): e506.




13


Z. Yin, M. Zhu, E. H. Davidson, D. J. Bottjer, F. Zhao, and P. Tafforeau, Sponge Grade Body Fossil with Cellular Resolution Dating 60 Myr before the Cambrian, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112 (2015): E145360.




14


D. H. Erwin, M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani, and K. J. Peterson, The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals, Science 334 (2011): 10917; A. C. Marques and A. G. Collins, Cladistic Analysis of Medusozoa and Cnidarian Evolution, Invertebrate Biology 123 (2004): 2342.




15


H. R. Bode, S. Heimfeld, O. Koizumi, C. L. Littlefield, and M. S. Yaross, Maintenance and Regeneration of the Nerve Net in Hydra, American Zoology 28 (1988): 105363.




16


R. B. Barlow Jr. and A. J. Fraioli, Inhibition in the Limulus Lateral Eye in Situ, Journal of General Physiology 71 (1978): 699720.




17


K. Hadeler, On the Theory of Lateral Inhibition, Kybernetik 14 (1974): 1615.




18


S. Koenemann and R. Jenner, Crustacea and Arthropod Relationships (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005).




19


B. Schoenemann, H. P?rnaste, and E. N. K. Clarkson, Structure and Function of a Compound Eye, More Than Half a Billion Years Old, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 114 (2017): 1348994.




20


R. Gillette and J. W. Brown, The Sea Slug, Pleurobranchaea californica: A Signpost Species in the Evolution of Complex Nervous Systems and Behavior, Integrative and Comparative Biology 55 (2015): 105869.




21


C. R. Smarandache-Wellmann, Arthropod Neurons and Nervous System, Current Biology 26 (2016): R960R965.




22


S. Koenig, R. Wolf, and M. Heisenberg, Visual Attention in Flies Dopamine in the Mushroom Bodies Mediates the After-Effect of Cueing, PLoS One 11 (2016): e0161412; B. van Swinderen, Attention in Drosophila, International Review of Neurobiology 99 (2011): 5185.




23


D. H. Erwin, M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani, and K. J. Peterson, The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals, Science 334 (211): 109197; B. Runnegar and J. Pojeta Jr., Molluscan Phylogeny: The Paleontological Viewpoint, Science 186 (1974): 31117.




24


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