 .   . 
 


 .    #3
  The Pronoun         .   .  ,        600   ,       ,  6 000    ,           ,  TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), IELTS (International English Language Testing System)  .





 

 .   . 



堖   , ,     , ,           .



     , , , , , , , , , .




 




             .

I  .

We       .

They -     .

     , ,  (  3- )   (  ).



 

 

1  I 

2  you 

3  he/she/it , , 

 

1  me , 

2  you , 

3  him/her/it , , , 



 

 

1  we 

2  you 

3  they 

 

1  us , 

2  you , 

3  them , 



     

          :

I am Andrew.   .

     :

This book was bought for her.     .

    ,         :

Who called me? I did. = Me.   ? .



    

       ,     :

     :

He and I both like reading.  ,     .

   :

You and she should make it up with each other, you were such a nice couple.     ,     .



   

      ,    

He and I both like sailing.     .

      ,    

Our teacher had a question for Jane (her) and me to answer.   ,        .



     

 , he/she (him/her)   ,               :

He:Sun, wind, fear, love.

She:Earth, Moon, ship, boat, car, hope, justice, modesty, peace.

 , she    :

I grew up in England. She will always remain in my memory.    .      .



 1

   .

Bob  he, books  they

1. acarpet 2. Mary 3. Mary and Tim 4. Mary and I 5. carpets 6. atiger 7. tigers 8. milk 9. Robert 10. Robert and his dog 11. Helen and you 12. Mr. Nelson and I 13. Miss Jones 14. awaiter 15. awaitress



 2

 (I, we, you, he, she, it, they, me, us, him, her, them).

Lisa and Roger are in Spain now.Lisa and Rogerare having their holiday.Lisa and Rogerlive in a hotel.The hotelis very comfortable. And the beaches are fantastic.The beachesare clean and big. The sea is warm. Roger goes jogging nearthe seaevery morning. Lisa doesnt go withRoger. Lisawakes up late. Lisa and Roger met their friends there. So Lisa and Roger spend all days withtheir friends.



 3

 (I, we, you, he, she, it, they, me, us, him, her, them).

1. Look at your trainers. are dirty. 2. Have  got a car, Sam? 3. I work for my mother. I help  in the shop. And she gives  some money. 4. Where is Cindy? I cant see . 5. The rat is under the table. Do you see ? 6. We have two dogs. We often take  for a walk. We also take a ball and our dogs like to play with . 7. Our teacher is old and  has a beard. 8. Laura and I play volleyball. do it on Sundays. 9. My brother works at the hospital. is a doctor. 10. Peter and Anna need your help. Can you help ? 11. Robert is ill today. So we will not see . 12. My favorite subject is History. is very exciting. 13. Dont sit on that chair. is broken.



 4

 (I, we, you, he, she, it, they, me, us, him, her, them).

1. I am very busy. Please dont disturb . 2. Tom is a good lawyer. Do you know ? 3. Here is your tomato juice. Drink . 4. Mary and Paul cant open the door. Go and help . 5. Look at her. is so beautiful! 6. I love Anna. is my best friend. 7. Its my sisters birthday today. This is a present for . 8. Where is my notebook? I cant find . 9. We are going shopping. Lets go with . 10. We are going to the beach. You can join . 11. Give me some water. am thirsty. 12. I like Kates hair. is so thick and long. 13. Those are my nuts. Dont eat . 14. These are my souvenirs. bought  in England.




 




       .

My book is black and his is yellow.    ,    .



    .

 :, , ,  my,  his,  her,  its, , , ,  our, , , ,  your,  their.

 :, , ,  mine,  his,  hers, , , ,  ours, , , ,  yours,  theirs.



         :

My cat is 5 years old.   5 .

     :

What do hedgehogs drink? Mine likes milk.   ?   .



 its  .



       .

     ,      :

I have lost my new keys.     .



 5

      .

1. Her salary is higher than (his salary). 2. Your exams are easier than (our exams). 3. My pens are brighter than (her pens). 4. His song is longer than (your song). 5. Our food is healthier than (their food). 6. Their yacht is older than (my yacht). 7. This juice is fresher than (ourjuice).



 6

       .

1. The photos on the table are my. 2. It isnt ours dog. 3. Jane is watching her favorite film. 4. His watermelon was very sweet. 5. Anna loves his husband very much. 6. How many books are there in hers library? 7. We talked about ours problems. 8. The elephant hurt his leg. 9. I met my friends at the caf. 10. Is this room your? 11. That camera is their. 12. Its my birthday, not yours. 13. This sandwich is his. 14. Theirs teacher is younger than ours. 15. Mine relatives live far from me. 16. She is a friend of my. 17. Hers garden is more beautiful than yours. 18. The world is at her feet. 19. Robert likes to spend her money on clothes. 20. Did you like mine present?



 7

   .

1. You should play with  own toys. 2. Robert couldnt use  notebook because it was broken. 3. The funny cat tried to catch  tail. 4. I hope youll enjoy  meal. 5. Anna drove  children to school. 6. I had  chest X-rayed. 7. We can bring  own instruments. 8. They often go to Canada because they love  nature. 9. She cant find  glasses. 10. He didnt give me  number.



 8

    .

1. Whose slippers are these? Are they  (my, mine) or  (your, yours)? They are  (her, hers). 2.  (Our, Ours) car is cleaner than  (their, theirs). 3. Look at this girl. She is  (his, him) wife. 4. Its not  (her, hers) lipstick.  (Her, hers) is darker. 5.  (My, Mine) life,  (my, mine) rules. 6. Was  (your, yours) trip exciting?  (My, Mine) was boring. 7. Can I use  (their, theirs) hairdryer?  (Our, Ours) is out of order. 8. Mrs. Novak is a friend of  (his, him). 9. Sometimes she waters  (my, mine) flowers and I water  (her, hers). 10. I remember the street but I dont remember  (it, its, her, his) name.




 




       ,   (this, these)     (that, those)  .

This house is not mine, mine is that green cottage next to it.     ,         .



       .



 

this , , 

that , , 

 

these 

those 



        ,   ,  :

Mom, dad, this is Jennifer, my girlfriend. , ,   ,  .

This is our secretary.    . (  )



     

        ,    :

this      :

This summer is so rainy.    .

that     :

Many small companies went bankrupt that summer.      .



  , this country, this city . . this ,    ,       .

I find the system of education in this country too confusing.(  )        .



 ,     such,      .

Such small details will make your flat look cozy.        .



 9

 this  these.

1. cream isnt good. 2. is my air-plane ticket. 3. books belong to his children. 4. river is the longest in the region. 5. trainers were made in Italy.



 10

 that  those.

1. tomatoes are not fresh. 2. bag is mine. 3. letters are for Mike. 4. is our bus. 5. dogs bark every night.



 11

 this, that, these  those.

1. Could you pass me  dictionary beside you? 2. jeans over there are quite cheap. 3. apples are much sweeter that those ones. 4. Look here! Do you like  ring? 5. Do you know  woman in black over there? 6. shoes are very tight. I must take them off. 7. How much are  teddy-bears in the shop-window? 8. tower looks so small because its far away. 9. dolphins we saw in the sea were so funny. 10. ice-cream I am eating is my favourite.



 12

      ,  .

That girl is my neighbor. Those girls are my neighbors.

1. This man is quite old. 2. That is our teacher. 3. Pass me those spoons, please. 4. Is this your key? 5. Look at this tulip. 6. These tests are too difficult for me. 7. Who is that woman near the shop? 8. This dress looks great. 9. Whose cars are these? 10. Those glasses are broken.



 13

     .

This magazine, that sticker, this stamp, that sandwich, this poster, this teacup, this egg, that wall, that picture, this foot, that mountain, this lady, that window, this man, that match, this knife, this book, this family, this pie, that answer, that apartment, that teacher, that comedy.



 14

     .

1. This is a spider. 2. Is this a sofa? 3. That isnt a goose. 4. That is a snail. 5. Is this a bookcase? 6. This isnt a mouse. 7. This is a space film. 8. Is this a man? 9. That is a cartoon. 10. Is that a ball? 11. This is a star.



 15

     .

1. Is that a train? 2. This is a boy. 3. Is that a plane? 4. This is a baby. 5. That is not a king. 6. That is a plate. 7. That is not a queen. 8. That is a flower. 9. That is not a bus. 10. That is a bookshelf. 11. This isnt a mountain.



 16

   .

1.This/Thatpuppy over there is mine. 2.This/Theseflowers are beautiful. 3.This/Theseis our friend John. 4.Those/Thatbooks are not interesting. 5.These/Thischildren are noisy.



 17

   .

1.     . 2.    ? 3.   ? 4.       . 5.     ?




 




   ,      ,    .

Little Timmy fell and hurt himself.     .



 

1-   ,  myself

2-    yourself

3-   , /, /, , ,  himself/herself/itself

  , , ,  oneself

 

1-   , ,  ourselves

2-    yourselves

3-   , ,  themselves



      :

But you yourself saw it!      !



 oneself     :

The only thing I can recommend to achieve success is to treat oneself with self-criticism. ,    ,         .



     feel, afford, wash, bath, shave, (un)dress, change (clothes) .

I feel terrible.    .

Id like to have a Porsche but I cannot afford it.     ,       .

I dressed quickly, had my breakfast and left for work.   ,     .



 18

   .

The water is hot, dont burn . The water is hot, dont burn yourself.

1. I am angry with . 2. Can you do many things ? 3. You see you've cut  again. Be more careful. 4. He fell down and hurt . 5. Does your friend Nick often talk to you about ? 6. I think that poor dog hurt . 7. Tell me more about . 8. Did your mother buy anything for  last week? 9. He came into the room and introduced . 10. She believes in . 11. Are you always sure of ? 12. We didn't know where to hide . 13. We are sure of . 14. Can a little child take care of ?



 19

   .

1. She is very sure of . 2. They did everything . 3. Do you believe in ? 4. Children, you can't do that . 5. Did you translate the text ? 6. Did the pupils answer all the questions ? 7. They always speak only about . 8. I saw everything . 9. Did you make the dress ? 10. We should always believe in . 11. The knife was sharp, and she cut . 12. Babies cannot look after . 13. They introduced . 14. I tried to control .



 20

       .

1. My sister taught himself to swim. 2. Anna repaired the chair herself. 3. The children are making themselves something to eat. 4. I hurt me when I fell down the stairs. 5. We're meeting ourselves at 8.00 this evening. 6. We're enjoying ourselves very much.



 21

  , ,      .

Who bought that book for him? He bought it himself.

1. Who cooked your breakfast this morning? 2. Who helped them to translate the text? 3. Who helped the little girl to dress? 4. Who helped you to find the way? 5. Who cleaned your classroom? 6. Who washes your clothes? 7. Who broke his tape-recorder? 8. Who built their house? 9. Who helped her to do maths? 10. Who planted the garden in front of your house?



 22

   ,   .

1. All our friends enjoyed  at his birthday party. 2. I often speak to  when I'm in bad mood and alone. 3. Polly and Nancy, help  to sweets and juice. 4. Concentrate  if you don't want to fail your exam. 5. They haven't decided yet where they'd meet . 6. Little Polly is only two but she can dress . 7. She got up, washed  and left the house without disturbing anyone. 8. I'm not angry with him. I'm angry with . 9. Relax  when you dance. 10. They never think about other people. They only think about . 11. Who went with her? Nobody. She went by . 12. Let's hide  under that tree. The rain is so heavy. 13. He feels  not well today. 14. Don't take him to the party. He'll spoil everything . 15. We didn't know who that young guy was. He didn't introduce . 16. It's windy, you may catch cold . 17. Children, take the towel and dry .




 




          , , .

    :

each other  

one another  



    each other    , one another     .

      .       (each others, one anothers).

We think of each other as of a good, interesting opponent.     ,   ,  .

My hamsters keep stealing one anothers food.        .



    eachone:

We live too far from each other.       .

They are such good friends they will do anything for each other.    ,       .



 23

       .

1. John and Mary looked at each other. I would say he looked at her with admiration. 2. Peter and Susan have met each other. 3. Elka, Yvonne and Joanna gave each other a book. 4. Three children talked to each other. They stood next to my house. 5. My uncle and I talk to each other every day. Although his character isn't easy to bear. 6. She and her brother stopped talking and looked at each other. 7. John and his mother bought each other presents for Christmas. 8. My cat and his dog looked at each other with dread. 9. Barbara's three sons and their father hate each other. 10. I think that all people should love each other. No matter where they live.




 




       .

   ,   ,        .



    :

who , ,what , ,which , , ,whose , ,whoever   ,   ,whatever   , () -,whichever  ,   



  

    who       whom,       .

Whom did you invite for your birthday?      ?



which,   what,        :

Id paint my room in blue or yellow. Which of the colours do you like more?         .    ()    ?

I have no idea what colour to use in my room. What colours do you like?   ,      .   ()  ?



whoever, whicheverwhatever     :

Whatever is this thing on the floor?     ?



 24

   .

1. How  students are in the class right now? 2. are you planning to leave? 3. is that person next to you? 4. are you writing a letter to? 5. do you do for living? 6. is the reason for your visit? We havent seen each other for a while. 7. this book belong to? 8. are you going after graduation? 9. do you expect to be in five years? 10. color do you prefer most? 11. did you meet at the conference? 12. pattern do you like? Both dresses look great. 13. is your brother going to do with his job? 14. did you go for the holiday? We went to Spain. 15. is responsible for guest accommodation in your hotel?



 25

.

1. The coach, (which/who) was appointed just last week, made no comment on the situation. 2. Isnt that the street (which/where) the accident happened last night? 3. The human brain, (which/what) weighs about 1400 grams, is ten times the size of a baboons. 4. There are several reasons (where/why) I dont want to talk to Mike. 5. This is the university (which/where) I work. 6. The new guy in our group (who/whose) name is Alex, seems really nice. 7. All the friends to (who/whom) the e-mail was sent replied. 8. February 14th (where/when) we express our love to each other, is known as St. Valentines Day. 9. A very popular breed of dog is the German Shepherd (what/which) is often used as a guard dog. 10. The unsinkable Titanic sank on its maiden voyage, (what/which) shocked the whole world.




 


       ,       ,     :

I know the lecturer who will make todays report.(who   )    ,     .



   :

who , ,whose , ,which , ,that , , 



who :

This is the engineer who has designed the new engine.   ,    .



whose    :

Do you remember the man whose car was stolen yesterday?  ,    ?



which(, )   :

He showed me the museum which was founded 400 years ago.    ,    400  .



that    ,    :

The musician that won the award is Italian. ,     .

I like the book that I bought yesterday.   ,    .



 26

    who, whose, which  that.

1. That is the shop  was awarded as the best shop in the city. 2. He didnt follow the instructions  he was given, so he failed to pass the test. 3. The girl  brother goes with me to the gym is a good singer. 4. The girl  lived next door was very shy and couldnt say a word to protect herself at school. 5. The man  broke into our house was caught in two days. 6. I need to buy a laptop  can work up to 5 hours without a charger. 7. She visits her grandmother  lives in the countryside every summer. 8. My father  is a doctor has no idea how to repair a car. 9. She was wearing a dress  looked like princess. 10. The photo  is placed on the mantel was taken at the picnic two years ago. 11. The bookshelf  we bought last week has broken down. 12. The man  was sitting on the bench turned around and saw his granddaughter. 13. A woman  son was crying paid no attention to him. 14. The woman  car had broken down on her way home spent 3 hours waiting for help. 15. My best friend  I know for years will never let me down.



 27

    ,  who, whose, which  that.

Thats the dog. Its owner is French. Thats the dog whose owner is French.

1. Thats the girl. She spoke to me yesterday. 2. Whats the name of the book? You want me to read it. 3. The hotel we stayed in. The hotel was very expensive. 4. I rent a house. It is very small. 5. The car was stolen. It was a BMW. 6. The man smoked forty cigarettes a day. He died of a heart attack. 7. Thats the building. I work there. 8. Thats the boy. His mother works in the post office.




 




   ,           .      .



   :

some -, ,something -, , -,somebody -, -,someone -, -,any -, -,anything -, ,anybody -, ,anyone -, ,many ,much ,few ,little 



,  -body-one,      :

Somebody is laughing. =Someone is laughing. - .



someany 

:

Can I have some juice?   - ?

 :

There is some strange man in front of your house.     -  .



any   

   :

She does not like any of them.      .

 :

Jenny is so reluctant to get acquainted with any new people.       .

 :

I need paper for printer. Do you have any?     .   ?



someone, somebodysomething  

 :

Somebody will help us. -  .

,    - :

Do you want something to eat?  ?



anyone, anythinganybody

  :

I did not notice anything unusual.     .

  :

Did anyone help you?  - ?

  :

If anyone calls, say Im busy.  - , ,   .

      ,       , :

Anybody can become famous.   .

It does not matter how small is your donation, anything will help. ,     ,  .



one   -         :

One never knows what his answer may be.   ,   .

One should be careful when crossing the street.       .



one       must, should, ought, can, may.

One must observe    

One should take into consideration      

One can find    

one     ones:

One must always keep ones word.     .



one          ,        :

I havent got a dictionary. I must buy one (= a dictionary).    .     ().



one     ,        ,    .    one the.

The one , , :

This book is more interesting than the one we read last week.    ,      .



one        ,   .          one,        ones:

This is a black pencil and that is a red one.   ,   .

These cases are too small; we need some bigger ones.    ;    ().



one  this, that, which, another, the other           :

This player is better than that one. =This player is better than that.    .

I dont like this pen. Give me another one. =I dont like this pen. Give me another.




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