HTML:  
  


       HTML.  ,     -,    ,    ,   .    -       CSS.       -     JavaScript:        DOM (  )     .               ,          .         <a href="http://www.piter.com/">www.piter.com</a>.





  

HTML:  








    ,   ,        -.     ,              HTML.

   HTML        World Wide Web (WWW)   -.  HTML    , ,    ,             .

C    ,       -.        HTML  ,   -  ,       .  -   HTML  CSS  JavaScript      ,   ,    .

        HTML.       ,         HTML.           ,     ,      HTML,        (, CSS, DHTML)       -.        ,  HTML          HTML-, CSS (  )  DHTML ( HTML)   DOM (  ).                  .

 ,   ,  ,     ,        .       ,                .


    

  (),   ,         http://www.piter.com/download (http://www.piter.com/download).


 

 , ,       : gurski@minsk.piter.com (mailto:gurski@minsk.piter.com)( ,  ).

   http://www.piter.com (http://www.piter.com/)      .




 1

  HTML



,   HTML           ?   HTML            HTML-. ,        ,   ,           .

          .          ,          ,       HTML-.




1.1.   HTML


   HTML (      WWW)   1980- ,         (CERN)            .           ,          .     ,        .

      CERN -.  1989   -     .           SGML,         .      HTML (HyperText Markup Language).          HTML-  .

     .        ,     World Wide Web.     1993   ,      Netscape  ,   ,         , Mosaic.         .

       :     ,     .    ,  HTML,          ,    .      CSS,    Java,     (   JavaScript).

  ,        HTML       .   ,   ,       ,      , , ,     .  1994    ,        WWW  World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).       HTML (  HTML 2.0). ,    W3C,   HTML      ,      (, ,    ,     HTML-,      . .).

 W3C   .      ,     HTML (  HTML 4.01   24  1999 ).   HTML   ,    W3C       ,     XML,   XSLT  . ( ,    www.w3.org (http://www.w3.org/)    ).

 HTML   ,     ,     .         .  HTML           :  -       .  ,    HTML   ,      (,  ),    WWW    .




1.2.   HTML



     -    .    HTML     ,   ,       HTML.

     ,   HTML-. HTML-     ,     ,   ,        HTML.  ,  HTML-,   HTML  HTM (, MyWedPage.html  MyWedPage.htm).  HTM          MS-DOS.    ,     .

   HTML-    ,     -.        ,    .







     HTML,  . HTML      ,    ,  , , ,   . .  <P> !</P>   .       .    <P>    (. tag).    ,         !.  , </P>   .  ,   (P)    ,    .        .     ,   ,          .

          .     <   >.         /.         (,  P,   ).   ,    ,       ,       .







   ,  .      (    ).  /        >, :



<BODY bgcolor = #FF0000>


       .      bgcolor (  %Color)   BODY   ,      .     ,      .

           /,  , :



<BODY bgcolor = #FF0000 text = #0000FF>


            .           .  ,  ,     ,    .     HTML-        (      ).

      .      :   .       .     ,      ,     .   ,        HTML- INPUT:



<INPUT readonly disabled>





 


  HTML     . ,    ,  .        :



<I><B>- -</B></I>


   HTML-  ,   . 1.1 (    HTML-,   ).




. 1.1.   



   ,    ( )  I ( )     B (   ).

    ,       ,     . ,    :



<I> <B>  </I>

  </B>





   


      (         ).            .              , , .

              .         B  I,     ,   . .     ,          .




1.3.  HTML-


   HTML-     .          HTML?   HTML-     .   HTML-         .   -  (,     )    ,   .

   ,   HTML-.    ,  Internet Explorer, Opera, Firefox, Netscape Navigator.

    HTML- (       ) ( 1.1).




 1.1. HTML-

<HTML>

<TITLE> HTML-</TITLE>

<BODY>

<H1></H1>

 

</BODY>

</HTML>


 HTML-   Internet Explorer ,    . 1.2.




. 1.2.  HTML-




1.4.    URI


  ,    HTML-,              ,  ,          .

  ,   ,   ,    HTML-,    ,          (),   .     ,       ,     URI (Universal Resource Identifier). URI          (, ,    URI    ),      -. URI    HTML-   ,    (, ),    .





      URL.  ,  URI    ,    URL:  URL         ,   URI.


  URI    :      ,       .      :



http://www.somesite.com/info/examples/ex_1.html (http://www.somesite.com/info/examples/ex_1.html)


  ,     ,      HTML-,   HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol).    ,    somesite.com   ex_1.html,    /info/examples.

  URI      HTML-, :



http://www.somesite.com/info/examples/ex_1.html#description (http://www.somesite.com/info/examples/ex_1.html#description)


   URI      HTML-,   description (,      HTML-,    . 5).

URI         .      . ,   HTML-,    /info/examples,    /info/files/file1.jpg,   URI /files/file1.jpg.  HTML-          ,   ,      .

   URI     .        URI         URI ,   . .      , , ,       Windows   ,      UNIX-   ( UNIX     ).




 2

 HTML-



   HTML-    ,     :

     HTML;

  ;

  .

     ,       :  HTML-   - ,     ,        ,      ,    ,        . ,     ,    .

,  (, ) HTML-             .     HTML-,      ( 2.1).




 2.1.   HTML-

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN>

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>HTML-</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1></H1>

<P> 

<P> 

</BODY>

</HTML>





2.1.    HTML


  HTML-       HTML: 2.0, 3.0, 3.2, 4.0  4.01 (   ).   ,     (DTD)       .      HTML 4.01        :

 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">    HTML  4.01,        4.01   ,   ;

 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional //EN">    HTML  4.01,       4.01   ;

 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN">   HTML  4.01,       4.01   ,   .

        URI,         DTD-   HTML.       URI  (   ):

 http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd (http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd);

 http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd (http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd);

 http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd (http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd).

     URI:



<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN

"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">


   HTML, ,      HTML-.          HTML,          HTML 4.01,     .       HTML     ,    HTML- ,     .

   ,     ,        HTML  ,       (   . 12  13).




2.2.  HTML


   HTML-    HTML.      ,    HTML-.  HTML        HTML-,  HEAD  BODY,       <HTML>  </HTML>. ,     ,  HTML-.

 <HTML>  </HTML>  .        HTML    version. ,   HTML 4.01   :



<HTML version = 4.01>


       HTML. ,          HTML  .     HTML      ,      HTML,  HTML-          HTML,      ,  -  .

  HTML       ( lang)    ( dir).  dir      : RTL  LTR (        ).      lang     , : "ru", "en", "de" . .        :



<HTML lang = ru dir = LTR>

<HTML lang = "en">


  lang  dir   .     HTML- (     APPLET, BASE, BASEFONT, BR, FRAME, FRAMESET, IFRAME, PARAM, SCRIPT).

, ,  ,      HTML-     .




2.3. 



  (   ) HTML-    :  ( ),   (  ),     ,     .




 HEAD


 HTML-    HEAD.        <HEAD>  </HEAD>. ,      ,    HTML-.  <HEAD>  </HEAD>   ,      ,     ,      HTML- (   ,     <HEAD>  </HEAD>).      HEAD ,       TITLE (     ).

   TITLE  META     HTML-.     HEAD (  ).



<HEAD>

<TITLE></TITLE>

<META >



<META >

</HEAD>





 TITLE


            TITLE.      HTML-.        <TITLE>  </TITLE>,    . ,    ,     (  )   .     ()  .

    ,        , :



<TITLE>  Java. </TITLE>

<TITLE>  C++</TITLE>


  <TITLE>  </TITLE>  . ,  (, Internet Explorer)      .          - ,   ,        .




 BASE


 BASE,    HTML-,    URI,      URI  .

 BASE    <BASE>.   href  URI,      HTML-, :



<BASE href = D:\test\test.html>



<IMG src = "image.gif">


    BASE,       HTML-, ,   IMG,     D:\test\image.gif.







       ,     ,      , .        (     ),   ,    HTML- META (    <META>).    META     :

 name    (    ,   , );

 content   ;

 lang   ,     ;          ;

 http-equiv          HTML-,      (   name,      ).

    : name  content  http-equiv  content.  lang ,         .

     name  content.       ,  ,          :    ,      .  . 2.1     name,        content   .


 2.1.   name     content




     ,    .            .            ,     ,    ( )    ,      .

         lang          (    ). ,    :



<META name = Keywords lang = ru content = HTML, -, , ,  >

<META name = "Keywords" lang = "en" content = "HTML, web-design, hypertext, site, sites >


, ,      <META>     .     .

       : http-equiv  content.   ,   ,     .  ,     .  . 2.2      http-equiv       content.


 2.2.   http-equiv     content




   ,       name  http-equiv .            HTML-.




2.4.  HTML-


   HTML-     ( BODY).        <BODY>  </BODY>.  <BODY>  </BODY>   ,   ,      <HEAD>  </HEAD>,      HTML-        .

,     <BODY>  </BODY>,   ,   .            .         BODY:

 background  URI,      (   ,       );

 bgcolor    HTML-;

 text    ;

 link    ;

 vlink    ;

 alink        (  Enter     ).

 ,    (   BODY,   ,    ),   %Color.          #    , :



bgcolor = #FF0005


      ,      RGB-.  ,          0  FF (255    ),        ,       .     ,      FF, 0  5 .

 ,            .          . 2.3.


 2.3.      









  ,      ,    .

       (      <P>     ,        ) ( 2.2).




 2.2.       

<HTML>

<TITLE>     BODY</TITLE>

<BODY

background = "2.2.html-files/back.jpg"

text = "black"

link = "#0080FF"

vlink = "blue"

alink = "navy">

      

<P><A HREF = "ref1">  ( )</A>

<P><A HREF = "ref2">  ( )</A>

<P><A HREF = "ref3">  (- )</A>

</BODY>

</HTML>


      ,    . 2.1.




. 2.1.   HTML- 



     .  HTML    HTML,             .        ,         HTML.




 3





   ,      ,      .     ,    ,       .

  ,   HTML-,   ,          ()        .      HTML,        .          ,           HTML    .




3.1.   


       :        HTML (, >  &)  ,     .        HTML     .  ,     , ,  &,              .

          :

 &#D;   ,     D (   );

 &#xH;   ,     H (   );

 &_;      .

  ,      HTML-   &     (;).        .   ,      ,      ,      .  ,             .     HTML       .           .        . 3.1.          1.


 3.1.  




        HTML-    HTML- ( 3.1).




 3.1.    

<TITLE>   </TITLE>

<BODY text = "yellow" bgcolor = "blue">

&lt;TITLE&gt;     &lt;/

TITLE&gt;<BR>

&lt;BODY color = &quot; yellow &quot;

bgcolor = &quot; yellow &quot; &gt; <BR>

 HTML- <BR>

&lt;/BODY&gt;

</BODY>


     Internet Explorer  ,    . 3.1.




. 3.1.    



,         .          .  ,         ,       (,          ).




3.2.  



   ,  ,      HTML-.   HTML-        (, Microsoft Word).    , ,    ,      .




  


   , ,      ,    HTML.      HTML-  ,   . 3.2.


 3.2.    




     HTML-,         ( 3.2).




 3.2.   

<TITLE>  </TITLE>

<BODY>

<B> </B><BR>

<I></I><BR>

<U> </U><BR>

<S> </S><BR>

<BIG>  </BIG><BR>

<SMALL>  </SMALL><BR>

<SUP> </SUP><SUB> </SUB><BR>

<TT>,   </TT><BR>

</BODY>


          . 3.2,  BLINK.

  HTML-   ,   . 3.2.




. 3.2.   



 HTML-      .        ,    . ,        ,    :




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/aleksandr-chirtik/html-populyarnyy-samouchitel/)  .

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