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      ,          .      ,           .      ,  ,    .     :        ,       .               :    ,   .             ,               .

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Ethan Pollock

Without the Banya We Would Pe rish

A HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN BATHHOUSE



 Oxford University Press 2019

 . ,    , 2021

   Ҕ, 2021

 CORPUS 










, ,  1991.      ,  ,     .   95 . ,    .    ,       ,  ,      .          .           .  ,    ,  ,      .  ,  ,     .  ,   , ,      .      ,       . , ,       .

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* * *

 1990-            , -         .      , , , ,   .       ,   .       .        .                      ,  .     -        .

       ,         .        ,     ,       ,       .    ,  ,       ,      (    )   .       ,        ,           .       ,          .  ,     .

          .   1990-      .     1990-   ,       .     , ,      ,  . ,      ,         ,     ,    .       .     ,    ,         ,    , , ,     .

       ,     1990-   2000- ,     - ,      ,    . ,         , , ,     ,     :   ,   ,        ,    ,         .   ,     .







  ,   ,   .    ,   .     ,   ,   ,   ,    ,   .         ,    , ,      ,    ,   I     ,      .     ,      ,      .      ,      .         ,        .  ,       ,                      [1 -   : ShenitzH.A.The Vestiges of Old Russia in Alaska// The Russian Review. 1955. Vol. 14. 1.P. 57;  : SwithinbankC.A Year with the Russians in Antarctica // Geographical Journal. 1966. Vol. 132. 4. . 469;      : .ࠓ // . 1936. 13. . 4;  : Demuth.The Floating Coast: An Environmental History of the Bering Strait. New York, 2019. . 282.].

       .            .   ,  ,    .    ,   .   ,    ,      (   ),           ,     .         ,    ,    ,     .     ? .      ,      ,    ,  ,   . ,       .     ,     :    ,   ,     .   ,  ,  ,  ,      .  , ,    :     , ,     ,      , ,     .     , ,  ,   .  ,                ,     .

            ()   ,    ,      (   ).   ,            ,   .           ,           ,     .      .        ,        [2 -       .     .: Douglas.Purity and Danger. London, 1966;  : FaganG.G.Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Ann Arbor, 1999.    .: Bathing Culture of Anatolian Civilizations: Architecture, History, and Imagination / Ed. ErginN.Leuven, 2011.     .: AalandM.Sweat: the Illustrated History and Description of the Finnish Sauna, Russian Bania, Islamic Hammam, Japanese Mushi-buro, Mexican Temescal, and American Indian & Eskimo Sweat Lodge. Santa Barbara, 1978.].






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  ,         .   ,     ,      ,   .   :      ,     XVIII         . -  II ,      ,    ,    , ,     ,        [3 - ...   ,    ,    . ., 1779.].    XIX  XX      , ,    ,        ,   - ,   .      1917     :    ,    ![4 - ..         VII   , 5 1919. // . . . ., 1970. . 39. . 410.]            ,       .

 2.    ,     . 1935.    .






 3.   -,    XIX. 5     , ,    , , ,  , , . (. 1896. 1. . 5354.)



          ,       ,    .       ,          ,  ,        .       ,                  .  , ,       ,            ,  .       :       ,    .       ,              , ,              .      ,  ,  .

    .   ,       ,               . ,          ,      ,     .    ,         .   XIX   :    -     ,   ,    :              [5 - ..    //  ..  . ., 1899. . 233.].       :      ,            [6 - .. ,       . . : ..   . ., 2000. . 3.].           ,         .         ,    ,   ,                 .

  ,          , ,   .  ,    ,   ,  :   ,    ,       ,   ,    (    ,     ,     ),      ,         [7 - OldenburgR.The Great Good Place: Cafs, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community. New York, 1997. P. 2033.].  ,        .        (      )      ,        .     ,          .   ,           ,       ,         .

        .     ,             ,  -     .  -     (    ,    ),  -   (  ).  ,                  ,           .     ,   [8 - Public and Private in Thought and Practice: Perspectives on a Grand Dichotomy / Eds. WeintraubJ., KumarK.Chicago, 1997;           .: BoymS.Common Places: Mythologies of Everyday Life in Russia. Cambridge, 1994; HabermasJ.The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: an Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge, 1989; Borders of Socialism: Private Spheres of Soviet Russia// Ed. SiegelbaumL.H.New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006; CrowleyD.ReidS.E.Socialist Spaces: Sites of Everyday Life in the Eastern Bloc. Oxford, 2002.].     ,                         [9 - ChakrabartyD.Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Though and Historical Difference. Princeton, 2000( 7).      ,    ,  ᠓ ,       ,   ,   ,          (Berman.All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity. New York, 1982).].  ,          .       ,      .  ,     ,           .      ,    ,       ,     ,              .

        ,         .   ,            ,     .    ,       .   ,          .         ,   ,        .     ,       .      , , , ,   ,               ,  , , ,    , ,   .          .       (    ),         ,     ,   ,     ,  ,    .

  ,          ,   ,        .        ,      - .           ,       ,      ,   ,       ,       .      ,     ,    ,           ,        ,    ,          .

     ,   .     ,    ,   .         .    ,     ,      ,       ,   .

         (          )    ,    ,     .  , ,                        ,    .       ,     ,   ,         ,    .    , ,      ,        ,       ,   .            ,    ,   - .  ,          ,   , ,   .        ,           .  II,  ,          ,    ,     .

      ,        ,        .      ,    .                  .      ,  ,     .         ,          .


* * *

   ,      ,    -  .          ,         .   ,     ,                ,  ,    ,  ,   ,     ,   ,      .          ,     [10 - ., : .:    . ., 1990; . . ., 2006; ..  . ., 1998; ..   . ., 2000; . :          . ., 1974;    / .... ., 2004; ..   . ., 1954.].     ,       [11 - : MyersS.L.Sunday at the Banya // Departures. 2007. October. P. 274282; PhillipsC.A Russian Thrashing // Globe and Mail. 2002. June 2; MacWilliams B.With Light Steam: A Personal Journey Through the Russian Baths. DeKalb, 2014.].           [12 -   : Rancour-LaferriereD.The Slave Soul of Russia: Moral Masochism and the Cult of Suffering. New York, 1995.].         ,       [13 - ..  :       / . . .. ., 2006; CrossA.G.The Russian Banya in the Descriptions of Foreign Travellers and in the Depictions of Foreign and Russian Artists // Oxford Slavonic Papers. 1991. XXIV. .3459. HealeyD.Homosexual Desire in Revolutionary Russia: the Regulation of Sexual and Gender Dissent. Chicago, 2001; CondeeN.The Second Fantasy Mother, or All Baths Are Womens Baths // Russia, Women, Culture. Bloomington, 1994; PetriO.At the Bathhouse: Municipal Reform and the Bathing Commons in Late ImperialSt. Petersburg // Journal of Historical Geography. 2016. Vol. 51. P. 4051; .      . ., 2004.].        .      ,   .

 ,      , ,      ,        :       .        ,       ,   :      ?[14 - .  . ., 1968. . 228.]   .            ,    ,   ,   . ,    ,  ,       .          .       ,          .  ,         ,        ,       .                , ,            ,  ,  ,   .         ,     . ,     ,         ,      . ,         ,    ;           ,   ,        ,  .          , -       ,     .   ,   ,       .

     , ,   ,   ,              .    ,  ,  ,  ,   ,    ,  , ,    ,   ,  ,     .     ,          ,      .

    ,     ,       [15 - -     /      ,  . .: The Nature and Function of Water, Baths, Bathing, and Hygiene from Antiquity Through the Renaissance / Eds. Kosso., Scott.Leiden, 2009.           ,            .].       ,       ,      .        ,                .       ,          .  ,     ( )    ,       .         ,    ,    .                 ,    .

    (   ),              .        .   12      ,  ,      II   XVIII,      ,         .  3, 45    XIX      1917,       ,   ,  .               , ,    .     .       ,      ,                 ,       ,   ,   .  ,   ,   ,   ,             .        ( ),   ( )    (   ).              ,      -      :          ,         ,  ,   ,          ,  .    ,                    .   ,      .




 1

  


    ,         .  440. .. ,   ,   ,      ,        :



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     ,                  ,    ,        .       ,   ,   ,    ,    [18 - ..     . ., 1965. . 388389.       ,    - - (  ).].


Ƞ,             .

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 ,  ,  ,         ,    ,    .       ,        ,    .    ,         .       .    ,            .   ,       ,         . ,       ,  -   ,     .         ( 10001500)        ,         .       ,        ,      .                 .     ,      ,    .


* * *

          ,                    ,       .     (  )   ,     XII,   ,     ,          .

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  [ ]  ,    ,              ,   .     ,   ,    ,     ,  :         .   ,    ,     ,    ,          ,    ,   ,  ,    ,    .     ,    ,    ,    ,  [22 -    //   XIXVI: . ., 2006. . 27.].


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   XI     ,          . ,       ,    .     砓  ,    ,            ,     ⠓蔠      [24 - HellieR.The Economy and Material Culture of Russia, 16001725. Chicago, 1999. P. 399, 540.].  ,      ,    ,   ,      [25 - ..    :  4. ., 1989.].

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      (  ),       ,      ,  ,     .     .   ,        .   ,   . ,     ,   ,            ,    ,       .[26 - .-:    . ., 2001. . 61.]


   ,            ,       .          ,  ,  [27 - ... . . 50. LotmanY., UspenskiiB.The Semiotics of Russian Culture. Ann Arbor, 1984.].        ,      .  ,  ,       ,    [28 - ... . . 51.].

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   ,     ,          .        蠓 ,      [30 -        .: RockS.Popular Religion in Russia: Double Belief and the Making of an Academic Myth. London, 2007.].       ,           .           ,      .   X ,   ,  (   )      ,    .    ,         .       .    ,            ,        .       ,    ,   : ,   廔 (,      ).   ,        ; [ ]    ,       ,   [31 -   . . . . 54]. ,         ,        .         ,     . ,       ,             .






 4.       945. ..   ,  XV   XIII.    HathiTrust.



     ⠓  ,         .  1089          ,    .    ,  ,   蠓  ,     [32 -  . . 140.].       ,              ,        .

  ⠓        ,         .       .   , , ,             ,   .   ,   , , ,      .      ,        ,       .  ,      ,       ,     ,   .

       XIII      XIVXVI    ,          .       ,       ,     , - .           ,          .      ,      ,         [33 - HalperinC.J.Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Bloomington, 1987. P. 104119.].        , , -,     -   [34 - ... . . 174225.].    ,     .  ,  , ,     ,               ,     .       ,     ,      ,    . ʠXVI                            .             .


* * *

         .      ,   ,   .               ,      -   .             .   ( ),    ,     .                    :     ,     . -            ,    .       .    ,    -    .             .                  [35 - ..      XVII . , 1997. . 4953.].            ,    ,       .    ,      [36 - . . 3.  1420. . 116117.].

     -   ,     .        , ,       ,     .           ,         [37 - ... . . 52.].       ,      [38 - .Π    . .4-. ., 1906; ... . . 176.].       .  唠   XVI,        , ,             ,       .        ,      ,       .         .        [39 - The Domostroi: Rules for Russian Households in the Time of Ivan the Terrible // Ed. Pouncy C.J. Ithaca, 1994. P. 225227]. ,       ,      .           , ,      [40 - Ibid. P. 232, 236.].          ,     .       ,             [41 - .. .].

       ,           .    ,    ,         .         [42 - IvanitsL.J.Russian Folk Belief. Armonk, 1989. P. 5860; .. :      - . , 1995.].  ,     ,     ,    (   ) .  ,                  .    (     ,    ,  ,       )       ,      .      . ,      ,        ,      ,     .        ,    -   ,    ,          .      , ,   ,                  .       [43 - ... . . 230; ., . :     . ., 1995. . 138140.].      ,     .            .     ,      .           ,   . ,   ,     ,      [44 - ... . . 37, 51; IvanitsL.J.Op. cit. P. 5960.  ,      ,    XIX,  ,          .]. ,  -  ,  .

 唠        ,      .       ,     ,     .   :                ,   -   ,         .         [45 - The Domostroi. Op. cit. P. 119.].                ,        ,       .   ,       ,   ,             ,        .

            1598       1613                 ,           :  ,  ? ,  ,         - ,           [46 - ... . . 237.   : ChesterS.L.Dunning, Russias First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty. University Park, 2010. . 237. OleariusA., BaronS.H.The Travels of Olearius in Seventeenth-Century Russia. Redwood City, 1967. . 168169, 61.      ,     ,      .   ,           . .: ..      ., 1997. . 11.].   ,         ,        ,  ,         .

   ,       .   XVII      ,        ,          ,   ,          [47 - ... . . 5051, 99100, 71, 99, 230.].   ,      ,       ,        .        ,          .       ,    .             ,          . - ,       ,   ,   ,     ,    ,   .  VI ,    ,        ,                ,        [48 - ... . . 52.]. ʠXVI         ,         [49 - VigarelloG.Concepts of Cleanliness: Changing Attitudes in France Since the Middle Ages. Cambridge, 1988.].         , , -     .          .        .  ,    , ,   .






 5.   XVII     : ,  ,     ,  ,        .



    ,     .         , ,    ,    ,     [50 - LevinE.Sex and Society in the World of the Orthodox Slavs, 9001700. Ithaca, 1989. P. 40.].     蔠      XII      ,      [51 - ... . . 53.].   ,    1551,     ,    ,   .     :         ,         .    ,     .    :              ;          .   ,      [52 - KollmannJ.E.The Moscow Stoglav (Hundred Chapters) Church Council of 1551. Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1978. . 559.].     .    ,        ,         ,    .

        ,  .       ,    ,     ,       [53 - LevinE.Op. cit. P. 115116.].         .    ,         ,     ,     ,     [54 - Ibid. P. 270.].  ,     ,            .

       .                   .           ,       .          (   ),      ,       .    ,      ,       ,    .               . ,  ,        ,  ,      ,        ,    [55 - Ibid. P. 169, 208.].     ,     ,      .        ,       ,        .        .        ,         .   ,     ,             [56 - Ibid. P. 252, 171.].             ,     ,       .    ,        ,     ,        [57 - KaiserD.H., MarkerG.Reinterpreting Russian History: Readings, 8601860s. New York, 1994. P. 195196.].

               ,    .     [58 - KollmannN.S.Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Russia. Cambridge, 2012. P. 90; HellieR.Op. cit. P. 399.].                 .                        .  ,      ⠓            ,              ,   ,   ,   ,          ,    .       .


* * *

        .         ,      . -                 .         ,  ,       , ,          .   ,           ,     .  XVI      . ʠXVII         ,      .   ,        ,         .        ,      ,  ,     .

    ,      ,   ,   ,     , ,      . ,  ,   XVII, ,        .       ,     ,       . -,       ,     ,     [59 - VigarelloG.Op. cit. P. 14.]. ,  ,  ,      ,         ,        .    ,     ,      ,  ,    .          ,      [60 - AshenburgK.The Dirt on Clean: An Unsanitized History. New York, 2007. P. 101, 165.].   ,     .        .

ѠXV   XVIII     ,     ,         .  ,    :        [61 - VigarelloG.Op. cit.       . .: RawcliffeC., Urban Bodies: Communal Health in Late Medieval English Towns and Cities. Woodbridge, 2013. P. 51, 103.].  XVII        .        ,        ,  ,      [62 - VigarelloG.Op. cit. P. 60.].   ,            ,    ,           .  ,      ,   .  ,  (bagnio)          .  ,        .       ,     ,  ,     ,    ,  -    .

,   ,  ,            ,        .  1588  ,    I    ,  ,     ,   ,      -   .          .   ,         ,     ,              ,          [63 - FletcherG., HorseyJ.,BondE.A.Russia at the Close of the Sixteenth Century: Comprising the Treatise Of the Russe Common Wealth by Giles Fletcher, and The travels of Sir Jerome Horsey, Knt. London, 1856. P. 147.     .        .].           ,         .

,      XVIII       ,    1630-       ,    .     ,     ,             ,    [64 - i.i i  i   i  i  . ., 1906. . 189.].  ,          ,   ,        ,          .    ,   ,                      ,    ,       [65 -  . . 208.].  ,       ,     ,  ,   -     ,     ,      .    ,      ,  ,      锠        ,    ,    :

		, , ,
		  ,
		,   ,
		,   .

       [66 -  .].

, ,        ,  ,    :   ,       ,     .          ,    .          ,       . ,     :      , ,    ,    ,     -  [67 -  . . 163.]. ,  ,         ,     ,       .  ,               .

           , , ,     ,     ,  -     ,     . ,   ,       II,    .       ,        ,       ,        .   ,         蠓 [68 - Earl of Carlisle, Guy Faithorne William Miege, and engraver, A Relation of Three Embassies from His Sacred Majestie Charles II to the Great Duke of Muscovie, the King of Sweden, and the King of Denmark. London: Printed for John Starkey, 1669. . 5354.].   ,   XVII,           :    ,     ,       ,     [69 - MargeretJ.The Russian Empire and Grand Duchy of Muscovy: A 17th Century French Account / Trans. by ChesterS.I.Dunning. Pittsbugh, 1983. P. 34.].   ,        ,        .

          ,       .   ,      ,     XVII.    ,  ,  ,              ,    .       ,    ,    - .  ,  ,      ,       [70 - CrullJ.The Antient and Present State of Muscovy. London, 1698. P. 151152.].     ,      ,       ,            , ,   ,    .

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   XVIII              ,    ,          .  ,  ,      I 1710- , ,          .               .   , ,    ,    .   ,   ,   ,   ,        .  , ,    ,     ,       ,     [72 - WeberF.C.The Present State of Russia. New York, 1968. P. 3132.].       :    ,   ,   .


* * *

       -  ,   .       ,     .   XVII     , ,   ,        [73 -   . 1861. 35.].     , ,         ,     . ʠXVII    ,       ,         .    1649        ,         ,     .     ,        .             .    (      ) ,    .      ,      [74 - The Muscovite Law Code (Ulozhenie) of 1649// Ed. HellieR.Irvine., 1988.].       :         ,            ,         .  -   ,             .        ,         .              ,     ,     ,    .

  XVII,  ,        .               .             ,     ,      ,   . ,        ,      .                       .            ,    ,  ,  ,      .      ,             [75 - ... . 5153.].

    .            . -   17  , -  50.        (,         ),          .     XVII   [76 -  .].

     ,        .               ,      .  ,        ,      [77 - The Muscovite Law Code . 145146.].    ,     ,    [78 - HellieR.Op. cit. P. 541.].         [79 - .      XVII     . ., 1905.   ,        1770- , ,       1,6%     . (MarshallJ.Travels through Germany, Russia, and Poland in the Years 1769and 1770. New York, 1971. P. 124.)].

      .  1680-       ,             [80 - . . 2.  1044. . 561562.].         .      ,        .  𔠖      ;     ,      ; , ,   ,             ,    [81 - ... . . 4953.].

        , ,       -.  ,   ,           ,    ,       ,       .  ,  ,     ,      ,      [82 - . . 2.  876. . 329330; . . 3.  1420. . 116117.].    ,  ,  ,           ,     ,      ,   ,    .     ,  , ,             .         .          .

      I.        :  ,         .   XVIII ,      ,     .          .    ,     [83 - HellieR.Op. cit. P. 541.].        ,    ,      ,   ,     .    .

     ,    ,    ,     .    ,      .  1704   ,     ,      ,  ,              .     ,    ,           ,        [84 - . . 4.  1955. . 231232.].           ,         .        ,           .      ,    ,     ,        . , ,        [85 - . . 4.  1954. . 230231.].

    ,        .   ,          ,        .      ,       .        ,     ,       .     ,    ,       .  ,    ,            [86 - . . 4.  1954. . 230231.].    ,     ,   (    ),  - ,   ,  ,  ,      ,        [87 - WeberF.C.Op. cit. P. 32.].

       ,    ,                      .    ,    ,       ,  .        -     .  ,     ,       : ,          ,      ;      -         ,       [88 - . . 4.  1954; 1955. . 230232.].

           ,         .   ,   ,   ,   ,      . ,       :            ,        ,       .        ,           ,           [89 - . . 10.  7718. . 681683.].                  .

     ,           .       ,         , ,     .        ,     ,      .  1719  ,    ,        ,  .  ,    ,      .  , -         ,        .       :   ,           ,      ,     ,  ,  [90 - . . 5.  3395. . 718.].            -.     ,       ,       .          [91 - . . 6.  3730; 3728; 4047. . 352. . 7.  4888. . 652.].                    . ,            ,             ,    .      ,       XVII:                   ,       [92 - ... . . 50. . . 4.  2058. . 309, 310; . . 7. . 385.  4616; . . 7.  5006. . 733.].

 I    ,  ,       ,      .   ,                   .   XVIII           .          ,    ,   .               ,            ,   ,      [93 - ..,     ,    , 17031751. ., 1779. . 156.].      ,     .     ,    :    ,           .  ,     -   ,         .                 .                  .


* * *

       ,           ,    ,       .      , ,    ,     ,   ⠓    , 1698.    ͸:



  ,   .    , , , , ,   ,     ,          ,     ,     ,     ,     ,     ,  ,    .        [94 -  -   //  . 1891. . 71. 9. . 419450.].


 ,        ,         .

     I,           ,      . ,        .  ,         .          ,       ,       .          ,     ,                 .       ,       蔠    .        ,     .   , ,        . ,  ,  ,            ,      .   ,        ,         .       ,             .

   ,        ,        ,     .    ,    ,    ;          (              ),     (,      ).        ,       .         ,     ,       .                     X      XVIII.




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notes








1


  : ShenitzH.A.The Vestiges of Old Russia in Alaska// The Russian Review. 1955. Vol. 14. 1.P. 57;  : SwithinbankC.A Year with the Russians in Antarctica // Geographical Journal. 1966. Vol. 132. 4. . 469;      : .ࠓ // . 1936. 13. . 4;  : Demuth.The Floating Coast: An Environmental History of the Bering Strait. New York, 2019. . 282.




2


      .     .: Douglas.Purity and Danger. London, 1966;  : FaganG.G.Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Ann Arbor, 1999.    .: Bathing Culture of Anatolian Civilizations: Architecture, History, and Imagination / Ed. ErginN.Leuven, 2011.     .: AalandM.Sweat: the Illustrated History and Description of the Finnish Sauna, Russian Bania, Islamic Hammam, Japanese Mushi-buro, Mexican Temescal, and American Indian & Eskimo Sweat Lodge. Santa Barbara, 1978.




3


...   ,    ,    . ., 1779.




4


..         VII   , 5 1919. // . . . ., 1970. . 39. . 410.




5


..    //  ..  . ., 1899. . 233.




6


.. ,       . . : ..   . ., 2000. . 3.




7


OldenburgR.The Great Good Place: Cafs, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community. New York, 1997. P. 2033.




8


Public and Private in Thought and Practice: Perspectives on a Grand Dichotomy / Eds. WeintraubJ., KumarK.Chicago, 1997;           .: BoymS.Common Places: Mythologies of Everyday Life in Russia. Cambridge, 1994; HabermasJ.The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: an Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge, 1989; Borders of Socialism: Private Spheres of Soviet Russia// Ed. SiegelbaumL.H.New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006; CrowleyD.ReidS.E.Socialist Spaces: Sites of Everyday Life in the Eastern Bloc. Oxford, 2002.




9


ChakrabartyD.Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Though and Historical Difference. Princeton, 2000( 7).      ,    ,  ᠓ ,       ,   ,   ,          (Berman.All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity. New York, 1982).




10


., : .:    . ., 1990; . . ., 2006; ..  . ., 1998; ..   . ., 2000; . :          . ., 1974;    / .... ., 2004; ..   . ., 1954.




11


: MyersS.L.Sunday at the Banya // Departures. 2007. October. P. 274282; PhillipsC.A Russian Thrashing // Globe and Mail. 2002. June 2; MacWilliams B.With Light Steam: A Personal Journey Through the Russian Baths. DeKalb, 2014.




12


  : Rancour-LaferriereD.The Slave Soul of Russia: Moral Masochism and the Cult of Suffering. New York, 1995.




13


..  :       / . . .. ., 2006; CrossA.G.The Russian Banya in the Descriptions of Foreign Travellers and in the Depictions of Foreign and Russian Artists // Oxford Slavonic Papers. 1991. XXIV. .3459. HealeyD.Homosexual Desire in Revolutionary Russia: the Regulation of Sexual and Gender Dissent. Chicago, 2001; CondeeN.The Second Fantasy Mother, or All Baths Are Womens Baths // Russia, Women, Culture. Bloomington, 1994; PetriO.At the Bathhouse: Municipal Reform and the Bathing Commons in Late ImperialSt. Petersburg // Journal of Historical Geography. 2016. Vol. 51. P. 4051; .      . ., 2004.




14


.  . ., 1968. . 228.




15


-     /      ,  . .: The Nature and Function of Water, Baths, Bathing, and Hygiene from Antiquity Through the Renaissance / Eds. Kosso., Scott.Leiden, 2009.           ,            .




16


. . ., 1999. . 259.




17


HartogF.The Mirror of Herodotus: The Representation of the Other in the Writing of History. Berkeley, 1988; RudenkoS.Frozen Tombs of Siberia; the Pazyryk Burials of Iron Age Horsemen. Berkeley, 1970. P. 284285.




18


..     . ., 1965. . 388389.       ,    - - (  ).




19


Yeg?lF.Bathing in the Roman World. Cambridge, 2009.




20


Pentik?inenJ.Baths // Encyclopedia of Religion / Ed.L.Jones. Detroit, 2005. P. 800803.




21


..   //     . ., 2001.




22


   //   XIXVI: . ., 2006. . 27.




23


 .




24


HellieR.The Economy and Material Culture of Russia, 16001725. Chicago, 1999. P. 399, 540.




25


..    :  4. ., 1989.




26


.-:    . ., 2001. . 61.




27


... . . 50. LotmanY., UspenskiiB.The Semiotics of Russian Culture. Ann Arbor, 1984.




28


... . . 51.




29


  . . . . 5455.




30


       .: RockS.Popular Religion in Russia: Double Belief and the Making of an Academic Myth. London, 2007.




31


  . . . . 54




32


 . . 140.




33


HalperinC.J.Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Bloomington, 1987. P. 104119.




34


... . . 174225.




35


..      XVII . , 1997. . 4953.




36


. . 3.  1420. . 116117.




37


... . . 52.




38


.Π    . .4-. ., 1906; ... . . 176.




39


The Domostroi: Rules for Russian Households in the Time of Ivan the Terrible // Ed. Pouncy C.J. Ithaca, 1994. P. 225227




40


Ibid. P. 232, 236.




41


.. .




42


IvanitsL.J.Russian Folk Belief. Armonk, 1989. P. 5860; .. :      - . , 1995.




43


... . . 230; ., . :     . ., 1995. . 138140.




44


... . . 37, 51; IvanitsL.J.Op. cit. P. 5960.  ,      ,    XIX,  ,          .




45


The Domostroi. Op. cit. P. 119.




46


... . . 237.   : ChesterS.L.Dunning, Russias First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty. University Park, 2010. . 237. OleariusA., BaronS.H.The Travels of Olearius in Seventeenth-Century Russia. Redwood City, 1967. . 168169, 61.      ,     ,      .   ,           . .: ..      ., 1997. . 11.




47


... . . 5051, 99100, 71, 99, 230.




48


... . . 52.




49


VigarelloG.Concepts of Cleanliness: Changing Attitudes in France Since the Middle Ages. Cambridge, 1988.




50


LevinE.Sex and Society in the World of the Orthodox Slavs, 9001700. Ithaca, 1989. P. 40.




51


... . . 53.




52


KollmannJ.E.The Moscow Stoglav (Hundred Chapters) Church Council of 1551. Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1978. . 559.




53


LevinE.Op. cit. P. 115116.




54


Ibid. P. 270.




55


Ibid. P. 169, 208.




56


Ibid. P. 252, 171.




57


KaiserD.H., MarkerG.Reinterpreting Russian History: Readings, 8601860s. New York, 1994. P. 195196.




58


KollmannN.S.Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Russia. Cambridge, 2012. P. 90; HellieR.Op. cit. P. 399.




59


VigarelloG.Op. cit. P. 14.




60


AshenburgK.The Dirt on Clean: An Unsanitized History. New York, 2007. P. 101, 165.




61


VigarelloG.Op. cit.       . .: RawcliffeC., Urban Bodies: Communal Health in Late Medieval English Towns and Cities. Woodbridge, 2013. P. 51, 103.




62


VigarelloG.Op. cit. P. 60.




63


FletcherG., HorseyJ.,BondE.A.Russia at the Close of the Sixteenth Century: Comprising the Treatise Of the Russe Common Wealth by Giles Fletcher, and The travels of Sir Jerome Horsey, Knt. London, 1856. P. 147.     .        .




64


i.i i  i   i  i  . ., 1906. . 189.




65


 . . 208.




66


 .




67


 . . 163.




68


Earl of Carlisle, Guy Faithorne William Miege, and engraver, A Relation of Three Embassies from His Sacred Majestie Charles II to the Great Duke of Muscovie, the King of Sweden, and the King of Denmark. London: Printed for John Starkey, 1669. . 5354.




69


MargeretJ.The Russian Empire and Grand Duchy of Muscovy: A 17th Century French Account / Trans. by ChesterS.I.Dunning. Pittsbugh, 1983. P. 34.




70


CrullJ.The Antient and Present State of Muscovy. London, 1698. P. 151152.




71


Ibid.




72


WeberF.C.The Present State of Russia. New York, 1968. P. 3132.




73


  . 1861. 35.




74


The Muscovite Law Code (Ulozhenie) of 1649// Ed. HellieR.Irvine., 1988.




75


... . 5153.




76


 .




77


The Muscovite Law Code . 145146.




78


HellieR.Op. cit. P. 541.




79


.      XVII     . ., 1905.   ,        1770- , ,       1,6%     . (MarshallJ.Travels through Germany, Russia, and Poland in the Years 1769and 1770. New York, 1971. P. 124.)




80


. . 2.  1044. . 561562.




81


... . . 4953.




82


. . 2.  876. . 329330; . . 3.  1420. . 116117.




83


HellieR.Op. cit. P. 541.




84


. . 4.  1955. . 231232.




85


. . 4.  1954. . 230231.




86


. . 4.  1954. . 230231.




87


WeberF.C.Op. cit. P. 32.




88


. . 4.  1954; 1955. . 230232.




89


. . 10.  7718. . 681683.




90


. . 5.  3395. . 718.




91


. . 6.  3730; 3728; 4047. . 352. . 7.  4888. . 652.




92


... . . 50. . . 4.  2058. . 309, 310; . . 7. . 385.  4616; . . 7.  5006. . 733.




93


..,     ,    , 17031751. ., 1779. . 156.




94


 -   //  . 1891. . 71. 9. . 419450.


