.       
 

 


 
          .  30       ,    :   .     ,  ,    ,      .    堖 ,     .

      ,        ,        .

  PDF A4   .





   

?.       


 .  ,    .

 ,   



Emily Alison and Laurence Alison

Rapport: The Four Ways to Read People



2020 by Emily Alison and Laurence Alison

First published as RAPPORT by Vermilion, an imprint of Ebury Publishing. Ebury Publishing is part of the Penguin Random House group of companies.



  .,    , 2021

 .   , 2021






    



1996. ,  , 22 ,        .           ,           .    ,       .   ,            ,   ,       , , - ,   .   ,           ,         .

  ,      .        .      ,     ,    .

 , .      .            ,          .   ,    ,          .         .     ,   .         .      ,     .         .

  B?    ,  18- ,        - .       ,     ,        .  ,    ,      ,       .    ,            .       .     ,    .

,        B.   .

    ,  -  .     . ,   ,    ?      .  ,         ,    .  ,   .   ,   .

             .       .     , ,     ,    .    ,  .  19       :   ,           .           ,   ,      12 .   82 .

, , ,  ,   :       ,    ?.

,  ,  .

    ,   ,      .

,  ,     .    ,   , ?

,      ,  ,     ,   .

   .        ,      ,     .

 , ,      .    ,    ,  ,  ,           . ,    !   ,   , ?

  ,   .

  .       ,   , ,     .   ,     ,      .        ,      .

    ,    , ,   ,  ,    .

  ,    .  ,        .    .

    :     ? !    ,   .        !   .     ,   30     .      !  !.

    :

  ,    ,  .      ,  ,  ,     .

, ,  , ,   ,     ,     .

     ,    .

      ,    ,    ,             .       ,         .       .

 ,     ,   ,     ,          ,         .       ,         ,        .

  ,    ,     .               ,     .           ,      ,     ,   , .      (      )   ,   (       ).      .   ,         (  ).     ,     (   ,  ).

    ,              .    :    ,   ?.

     ,  ,  ,   ,              .          .      -   ,          .       ,  , ,      .

         .   ,      -  ,            .        .   ,     ,     20    .




   ?


     .     -?   ,      ,   - .    ,      ,    ,   .  ,  ,      .

    .        , ,  , ,   ,    .      -   ,   ,   ?    ,   , ?   ,        -,    ,   ? ,         ,           ,        .

       , ,    ,         .                ,       .         ,    . -     ,      .

,     ?        ,  : .         .           ,      . ,   ,      ,        .

      ,         . ,    ,      ? ,  ,   ,        ,              .

        ,            ,    ,      .




     ?


         ,  :   ,   .      rapporter,    - .        ,    ,         [1 -       .   ,        ,   ,    ,      . . .].



       ;         .



         .      ?       (  ),     ,   ,   .

 2012         [2 - High-Value Detainee Interrogation Group (HIG)     ,        ,        .      ,    .] (HIG)   ,            .        2009 ,                   . HIG           .   HIG   , ,  ,       .        .

       . HIG  ,    ,           ,    .

   ,     [3 -   , ,  ,   ,   ,       . . .],    [4 - . .          11  //Independent [ ] URL: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/cia-torture-guidelines-post-september-11-detainees-guantanamo-bay-terrorism-a7085376.html (  08.11.2019).].       ,      .  ,           ,          [5 -         9  2014 : https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CRPT-113srpt288.pdf (  08.11.2019).    : https://www.apa.org/independent-review/ (  11.11.2019).].     ,              .  ,             ,     .

    ,   ,     :             .  ,       ,     .

       ,          -.        ,           [6 -          .        . . .].     ,    .    ,    -          -   X-Ray,           .

   .         ,      .  ,         ,      .         .

               ,      .   ,  ,         ,  .

      .    ,     ,   ,     .           .         ,        ,         .       .

         ,  .              ,  .

          :   ,      ,       (,   ).

      ?      ,    ,      ?           ?

             2000  ,    .        .        .  ,   ,      (,      )   .   ,  - ,            .[7 -  .,  .,  .,  .,  .     ,     // Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 19(4). . 411431.]




    


         -     ,   -    .   ,       ,             ,      .  ,         , -    .           ,       .

         .        ,    : , ,    ().      ,              .

        .       :



     :      - ,    .    ,      .

 ,   :      ,    .     .

 ,    :   , ,     .     ,     .

   :     ,  ,   .   ,        .



       ,        .      ,     ,                 .

  ,               100%.         .          ,          - .         ,    ,      .        ,      ?       ,   ?

,             ,        .    ,            .     .  ,           .     - ,            ,      .          .

         -,    .     ,     . ,    ,    20 ,         .       -,    ,    .  ,   ,       !     ,        .    ,     .

        ,         .           ,      .     ,      :   ?  , ?.

     ,    ,   ,      .       ,     ,     .      ,     .       ?




  


  ,               ,     .        .

 ,       .   :

?         ;

?       , ,       ;

?    ,         ,    ;

?   ,       ,   ,        .



          .         .

    ,       ,       , ,    .




 1

 


     ,        ,  ,             .

 ,      ,     


,   .     ,    ,              .       .    ,    ,     . ,    ,     .       ,          .        :    ,     ,   .

 ,          .           .       ,    ,    .      ,    ,          ,      .

,      ,   ,         .                      .           ,          .   ,    .




    


 ,    ,     .  1951             [8 -  .          // MotherJones [ ] URL: https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/10/donald-o-hebb-effects-extreme-isolation (  08.11.2019).].      ,        .        ,                ,    .          ,     .         .       .

     ,          .       ,              ,       .

  ,       .      ,   ,        .       ,       - .       ,     .       ,     .   :    ,   .       .

        .     ,     ,  ,        ,  :    ,    .[9 -  .,  .          // International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 1986, 8(1) . 4965.]       ,    - .   , ,        :             80 000  100 000 [10 -     , .       23/7: Pelican Bay Prison and the rise of long-term solitary confinement.].

 ,           .    ,               :                  [11 -  .    :   // Crime and Justise. 47(1), 2018. . 365416.].           ,     .                 ,       .

                        .           .         :     ,    ,   ,           ,                 .




:  


          .

   ,   -  .           .      ,  ,                ,              .

        ,      ,   .      ,        ,              .           ,        .

    ,       .  2018  BBC Radio 4     Wellcome Trust   55000   , ,   25%   75        ,         40%    16  24 [12 -   // Wellcome Collection. The anatomy of loneliness [ ] URL: https://wellcomecollection.org/events/W2LlgyYAACUAQah7 ( : 26.09.2019).].       ,      .       50        [13 -   ?    // CBS News [ ] URL: https://www. cbsnews.com/news/live-alone-youre-not-alone/ ( : 26.09.2019).], [14 -  .,  . .,  .          1993, 2000  2007  // National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys. 2012, 14(5).].          ,   (50%),  (58%)      ( 80%)[15 -  .      // PEW [ ] URL: https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2014/09/11/growing-number-of-people-living-solo-can-pose-challenges (  11.11.2019).], [16 -  . .      // Guardian [ ] URL: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/apr/07/loneliest-city-in-world ( : 11.11.2019).].

          ,  , .  -         148 ,     300000 ,  ,       ,   ,    [17 - - .       // American Journal of Health Promotion. 2018, 32(5). . 13071312.].      ,     .

,       ,     .    ,           20%.       ,           . ,  ,  ,  ,      , .               ,    ,     [18 -  .,  .   // American Journal of Health Promotion. 2013, 24(5). . 5660.].

       .              823  ,        .  ,      ,          .      ,     ,    ,   76     .    ,        ,   [19 -  .       // American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2005, 13(11). . 984990.].    ,            .

  ,    ,       ,      (    ?)    (       ?)       .      [20 - Haslam, C. The New Psychology of Health. Routledge, 2018.]:            .

      ,      . ,     ,       ,    .       ,              .   , -,      ,          .     ,        .

 ,    ,      .    ,         .    ,       , ,        (  ,    ,    )   ,   ,              ,    [21 -  .,  .,  .  ,   :    // Social Science and Medicine. 2014, 107. .124135.].

,    ,       ,    - .   ,  ,         ,            .           ,     ,        ,     ,    .



,          ?



 ,   ,             -    ?   ,        ,     ,            ?     ,         ,        ?

            ,          .        .




 


          .      ,   ,           .        :      -  ,       .

  ,           .         ,     -  ,  -     . , , , , , ,            [22 -  .        // Contemporary Psychology. 2004, 49(2). . 168170.].   ,         ,    ,   .                 .

  ,            , , ,      ,   ,   , .      .  ,   ?  .        ,       .       ,    .    .

    ,  ,        ,            .  ,             ,        [23 - ,   :    ,    // Compassion in World Farming [ ] URL: https://www.ciwf.org.uk/media/3817096/beyond-factory-farming-report.pdf ( : 26.09.2019).].  :  ,         ,     ,           .     ,       -.      ,     .

  ,       ,      ,      ,     ,     ,      .   :   ,   .

      .           ,      ,     .   ,               , ,   ,      .         ,        ,         ,      . ,      ,     ,   .

    ,          .   .     :         ,      ,       ?




  ?


  ,      ?          ,     ?    ,         ,    ,     ?         ,   ?

  ,         . ,         .   ,         .     ,       ,   ,      ,       .

  ,       .           .   ,                   [24 -  . , ,  // British Journal of Midwifery. 2014, 22(6). . 386.][25 -  .,  . , ,   :  ,      // Gender and Education. 2018. . 118.].

 ,       ,       .               .         ,     .       ,          ,    ,      .          ,        .      ,        ?       ,      .          ,      ?    ,    - ?

        .  ,      ,        ,    ,  ,    [26 - Kupiainen S., Hautam.ki J. and Karjalainen T. (2009). The Finnish education system and PISA.].

 ,    ,       [27 - Clark L. (2017). Beautiful Failures: How the quest for success is harming our kids. Penguin Books Australia, 2017.].      ,             .   ,            , ,          ,   ,         .  ,           ,          .    ,             .                  .

        ,       .



               ,       .




  


      ,           [28 -  .  . 9   ,    . .: , 2015.].      84 ,      90.   -  ,     .

     ,     .          -   ,        . ,       ,        .

 -          .            .      ,          .         [29 - (.) Older Womens Co-housing, OWCH.],     ,    ,    [30 -    // Housing LIN [ ] URL: https://www.housinglin.org.uk/Topics/type/Community-Building-for-Old-Age-Breaking-New-Ground-The-UKs-first-senior-cohousing-community-High-Barnet/ ( : 08.11.2019).].      ,    .

    .          [31 - (.) The Mens Sheds.],       . ,    ,   ,         .  ,        ,          .     ,   ,    ,        ,  ,    [32 -  .,  .,  .  :     // Working with Older People. 2018, 22(2). C. 101110..].

,       ,      ,         .      ,      .         , ,   ,   ,       .




  


   ,          [33 -  .,  .      // Human Organization. 1965, 24(4). .353357.], [34 -  .,  .   :        // Psychological Bulletin. 1995, 117(3). .497529.].        : ,  , .       ,    .           ,       [35 -  .,  .,  .,  .,  .     // Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2014, 18(3). .215238.], [36 -  .,  .,  .           // Frontiers in Psychology. 2015, 6.].            ,      ,  ,    ,      .

           (,       ),     (,     )      (,          )[37 -  .,  .,  .,  .  ,   :      // Applied Psychology. 2008, 58(1). . 123.]. ,     ,       .   ,          ,       .

       ,   .      ,       ,     .  ,    ,                 .

        ,    ,        ,       .         ,  ,    ,        .      -  -     (.  Daily Mail  ,           )[38 -  .,  .  ,        :      // Mail Online [ ] URL: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6707191/Smug-vegansaid-dairy-worker-just-jobhit-death-threats.html ( : 08.11.2019).].

 ,       .    ,               . ,        , , ,     , ,        .  ,   2018        ,          , ,    .  ,       .           .

           -   .          ,          .



       .  ,   .



 ,      ,      ,   ,   ,   .    ,   ,         .   ,        ,   Twitter    .   ,        ,       .

 ,        ,         .      ,    ,     .

             ,    ,   .                 ,   ,      .



:  

1.  .    ,       .        ,     .   ,    .           Twitter.    ,          ,   ,             .        .

2.  .  ,        ,    .  ,   ,     ,     .              ,    .

3.   ,  .        .    ,   ,      .         ,    ,   .         ,    .     ,   .     ,     .         .

4.     .    ,       ,     .       . ,  :    ,          .         ,    .     ,      , ,   ,     .

5.     .  ,     , ,   ,    ,     ,        .       ,      ,     ,      ,    .




 2

   


,      ,   ,     ,     .

 ,  


1993. ,  ,   ,              .        ,       .         --.          .  47               -.   ,        .           ,    (       ,        )[39 - Alison L., Eyre M. Killer in the Shadows: the Monstrous Crimes of Robert Napper. Pennant Books, 2009.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=65847254)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


      .   ,        ,   ,    ,      . . .




2


High-Value Detainee Interrogation Group (HIG)     ,        ,        .      ,    .




3


  , ,  ,   ,   ,       . . .




4


. .          11  //Independent [ ] URL: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/cia-torture-guidelines-post-september-11-detainees-guantanamo-bay-terrorism-a7085376.html (  08.11.2019).




5


        9  2014 : https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CRPT-113srpt288.pdf (  08.11.2019).    : https://www.apa.org/independent-review/ (  11.11.2019).




6


         .        . . .




7


 .,  .,  .,  .,  .     ,     // Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 19(4). . 411431.




8


 .          // MotherJones [ ] URL: https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/10/donald-o-hebb-effects-extreme-isolation (  08.11.2019).




9


 .,  .          // International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 1986, 8(1) . 4965.




10


    , .       23/7: Pelican Bay Prison and the rise of long-term solitary confinement.




11


 .    :   // Crime and Justise. 47(1), 2018. . 365416.




12


  // Wellcome Collection. The anatomy of loneliness [ ] URL: https://wellcomecollection.org/events/W2LlgyYAACUAQah7 ( : 26.09.2019).




13


  ?    // CBS News [ ] URL: https://www. cbsnews.com/news/live-alone-youre-not-alone/ ( : 26.09.2019).




14


 .,  . .,  .          1993, 2000  2007  // National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys. 2012, 14(5).




15


 .      // PEW [ ] URL: https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2014/09/11/growing-number-of-people-living-solo-can-pose-challenges (  11.11.2019).




16


 . .      // Guardian [ ] URL: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/apr/07/loneliest-city-in-world ( : 11.11.2019).




17


- .       // American Journal of Health Promotion. 2018, 32(5). . 13071312.




18


 .,  .   // American Journal of Health Promotion. 2013, 24(5). . 5660.




19


 .       // American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2005, 13(11). . 984990.




20


Haslam, C. The New Psychology of Health. Routledge, 2018.




21


 .,  .,  .  ,   :    // Social Science and Medicine. 2014, 107. .124135.




22


 .        // Contemporary Psychology. 2004, 49(2). . 168170.




23


,   :    ,    // Compassion in World Farming [ ] URL: https://www.ciwf.org.uk/media/3817096/beyond-factory-farming-report.pdf ( : 26.09.2019).




24


 . , ,  // British Journal of Midwifery. 2014, 22(6). . 386.




25


 .,  . , ,   :  ,      // Gender and Education. 2018. . 118.




26


Kupiainen S., Hautam.ki J. and Karjalainen T. (2009). The Finnish education system and PISA.




27


Clark L. (2017). Beautiful Failures: How the quest for success is harming our kids. Penguin Books Australia, 2017.




28


 .  . 9   ,    . .: , 2015.




29


(.) Older Womens Co-housing, OWCH.




30


   // Housing LIN [ ] URL: https://www.housinglin.org.uk/Topics/type/Community-Building-for-Old-Age-Breaking-New-Ground-The-UKs-first-senior-cohousing-community-High-Barnet/ ( : 08.11.2019).




31


(.) The Mens Sheds.




32


 .,  .,  .  :     // Working with Older People. 2018, 22(2). C. 101110..




33


 .,  .      // Human Organization. 1965, 24(4). .353357.




34


 .,  .   :        // Psychological Bulletin. 1995, 117(3). .497529.




35


 .,  .,  .,  .,  .     // Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2014, 18(3). .215238.




36


 .,  .,  .           // Frontiers in Psychology. 2015, 6.




37


 .,  .,  .,  .  ,   :      // Applied Psychology. 2008, 58(1). . 123.




38


 .,  .  ,        :      // Mail Online [ ] URL: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6707191/Smug-vegansaid-dairy-worker-just-jobhit-death-threats.html ( : 08.11.2019).




39


Alison L., Eyre M. Killer in the Shadows: the Monstrous Crimes of Robert Napper. Pennant Books, 2009.


