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        ,   .        1928            ,    .

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          XVIII ,       ,        ,    .   XIX :       ,    ,       ,             . ,    ,   ,   ,        .             ,        ,     .  ,      ,     ,      .


  :  

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     (17681849)     (17441817)     ,   1798 , ,   ,          [79 - Edgeworth M., Edgeworth R. Practical Education. N. Y.: Self, Brown, 1801. Vol. II. P. 298.].  :       ,      .         .     ,    [80 - Yallop H. Age and Identity in Eighteenth-Century England. L.: Routledge, 2016. P. 19.].  XVIII  ,     :   ,       ,  [81 - Kowaleski-Wallace E. Consuming Subjects: Women, Shopping and Business in the Eighteenth Century. Chichester: Columbia University Press, 1997. P. 7398; Smith K. Sensing Design and Workmanship: The Haptic Skills of Shoppers in Eighteenth-Century London // Journal of Design History. 2012. No. 25. P. 110.]. ,   ,   ,           .          ,         .  ,  ,      ,          .           .

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 ,         XVIII .        ,  ,         .    XVIII     ,  ,    ,        . ,     ,         .             ,     .


    

                 . ,   ,   ,  [88 - Connor R. Women, Accounting, and Narrative: Keeping Books in Eighteenth-Century England. L.: Routledge, 2011. P. 5.].      ,        . ,         ,      [89 - Batchelor J. Fashion and Frugality: Eighteenth-Century Pocket Books for Women // Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture. 2003. No. 32. P. 118.].    (, ,    1760- )     ,      .   ,  13 ? 8 ,     XVIII      :  ,     .           .         ,         .     , ,     ,           ,   .      ,    ,        .             .

  (17131767)          .      ,           1740- [90 - Grenby M. The Child Reader, 17001840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. P. 2.].          ,    1744 .         (),     ()[91 - Townsend J. Written for Children. L.: Pelican, 1976. P. 31.].  ,  ,       ,         (    ).         .     ,  .       ,        ,       ,     [92 - A Pretty Little Pocket Book, 10


 edition. L.: John Newbery, 1760.].     ,         .             .

        .  ,    ,    1760-     ,   ,   ,               : [],       ,           [93 - The Important Pocket Book. L.: John Newbery, 1765. P. 1.].  ,           [94 - Wennerlind C. Casualties of Credit: The English Financial Revolution, 16201720. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.].      ,           .        ,        ,     .           ,      . ,      -           .     ,      1790-  1840-      ,     [95 - OMalley A. The Making of the Modern Child. P. 104.].                ,   ,  ,    ,      ,      .  ,                   ,         .

,         ,      .   1690-       .  ,            ,     ,  ,        [96 - Locke J. The Works of John Locke, vol. 8. L.: Rivington, 1824. P. 199201.].       :   ,   ,       .

                .         ,   1798       .  ,  1796 ,    ,        ,         ,    [97 - Michals T. Experiments before Breakfast: Toys, Education and Middle-Class Childhood // The Nineteenth-Century Child and Consumer Culture / ed. by D. Denisoff. Aldershot: Ashgate. 2008. P. 33.].           .  ,      ,    ,     .              [98 - Edgeworth M., Edgeworth R. Practical Education, II. P. 276.].            ,   ,      (   ,  )   (   ,  ,     ).  ,     ,       ,      .

          (17431825)  ,         [99 - Robbins S. Lessons for Children and Teaching Mothers: Mrs. Barbauld s Primer for the Textual Construction of Middle-Class Domestic Pedagogy // The Lion and the Unicorn. 1993. No. 17. P. 135151.].      ,        ,       (17781779),            .    ,             [100 - Jackson M. Engines of Instruction, Mischief, and Magic: Childrens Literature in England from its Beginnings to 1839. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989. P. 131.].               ,          .              [101 -       - XXI  : Jacobson L. Raising Consumers. P. 5692.].

 ,      XVIII ,    ,  .          (  ),   .     (1804 )      .          (       !).             :   , , ,       [102 -   . U951/F24/1-69. Diaries of Fanny Knatchbull, ne Austen Knight.].                  ,       .

 ,   ,    -,   ,         .        ,   1790- .    ,        ,     .         ,                      .     . ,     ,   : ,  ,           .   ,           .             [103 -   -. Y/D 87/51-52: Ladies Pocket Book, 17931794.].  ,    ,     ,       ,      .  ,              . ,      ,    , ,    ,   ,  ,  [104 - Plumb J. The New World of Children. P. 286315.].    ,    ,            .  ,      .


,   

     ,     (   )             ,     .[105 - Edgeworth M., Edgeworth R. Practical Education, I. P. 12.]




  .


   .

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notes



1


Gr?ber K. Childrens Toys of Bygone Days: A History of Playthings of All Peoples from Prehistoric Times to the Nineteenth Century. L.: B. T. Batsford, 1928. P. 1.




2


   ,    , .   : Cross G. Kids Stuff: Toys and the Changing Worlds of American Childhood. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.




3


Gr?ber K. Childrens Toys of Bygone Days. P. 2.




4


Benjamin W. Kulturgeschichte des Spielzeugs // Gesammelte Schriften, Vol. 3. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1972. P. 113117.




5


Ari?s . Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life / transl. by R. Baldick. N. Y.: Vintage, 1962.




6


           Burton A. Design History and the History of Toys: Defining a Discipline for the Bethnal Green Museum of Childhood // Journal of Design History. 1997. No. 1 (10). P. 121.




7


,      ,        (19931994),   Vitra  -- (19971998),       (20062007),      (20102011),     (20112012), -    (2012),      (20142015)     -  - (20152016).




8


     .: Duane A. The Childrens Table: Childhood Studies and the Humanities. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013.




9


Schlereth . The Material Culture of Childhood: Research Problems and Possibilities // Cultural History and Material Culture: Everyday Life, Landscapes and Museums / ed. by Thomas Schlereth. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1990. P. 89112; Brookshaw S. The Material Culture of Children and Childhood: Understanding Childhood Objects in the Museum Context // Journal of Material Culture. 2009. No. 3 (14). P. 365383; Pascoe C. Putting Away the Things of Childhood: Museum Representations of Childrens Cultural Heritage  Rhian H. Museums and Representations of Childhood: Reflections on the Foundling Museum and the V&A Museum of Childhood (     Children, Childhood and Cultural Heritage / ed. by Kate Darian-Smith and Carla Pascoe. L.: Routledge, 2013. P. 209221, 222239).




10


Brookshaw S. The Material Culture of Children and Childhood. P. 381.




11


Brewer J. Childhood Revisited: The Genesis of the Modern Toy // History Today. 1980. No. 2 (30). P. 3239.




12


,   ,     ;      .   ,    ,   .




13


Calvert K. Children in the House: The Material Culture of Early Childhood, 16001900. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1992. P. 47 (. .:  .   :    , 16001900 / . . . , . , . . .:   , 2009).




14


  1755 .




15


Ibid. P. 48; Brewer J. Childhood Revisited. P. 33.




16


      .




17


Brewer J. Childhood Revisited. P. 3536; Brewer J. Educational Toys in America: 1800 to the Present / ed. by Karen Hewitt and Louise Roomet. Burlington: The Robert Hull Fleming Museum/University of Vermont, 1979. P. 38; Plumb J. The New World of Children in Eighteenth-Century England // The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England / ed. by Neil McKendrick, John Brewer, and J. H. Plumb. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985. P. 286315.




18


Calvert K. Children in the House. P. 7. . :  . . . . 14.




19


Ibid. P. 2738; Kevill-Davies S. The Wide World // Kid-Size: The Material World of Childhood, Alexander von Vegesack, foreword. Milan: Skira Editore/Vitra Design Museum, 1997. P. 5154.




20


Ottlinger E. Childrens Furniture, Nurseries and an Imperial Childhood // Fidgety Philip! A Design History of Childrens Furniture / ed. by Eva B. Ottlinger. Vienna: B?hlau, 2006. P. 2533.




21


Boehn M. Puppen und Puppenspiele. Mu?nchen: Bruckmann, 1929.            ,          .        ,          ,    ,  ,     ,   ,   .  ,     , , -,     ,    (King C. Dolls and Dolls Houses. N.Y.: Hamlyn, 1977). . .




22


Cross G. Kids Stuff: Toys and the Changing Worlds of American Childhood. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. P. 14.




23


Rogers M. Barbie Culture. L.: Sage, 1999; Rand E. Barbies Queer Accessories. Durham and L.: Duke University Press, 1995.




24


Peers J. Adelaide Huret and the Nineteenth-Century French Fashion Doll: Constructing Dolls/Constructing the Modern // Dolls Studies: The Many Meanings of Girls Toys and Play / ed. by Miriam Forman-Brunell and Jennifer Dawn Whitney. N. Y.: Peter Lang, 2015. P. 171.




25


Fleming D. Powerplay: Toys as Popular Culture. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995. P. 42.




26


Forman-Brunell M. Interrogating the Meanings of Dolls: New Directions in Doll Studies // Girlhood Studies. 2012. No. 1 (5). P. 313.  .: Rand E. Barbies Queer Accessories; Chin E. Ethnically Correct Dolls: Toying with the Race Industry // American Anthropologist. 1999. No. 2 (101). P. 305321; Chin E. Purchasing Power: Black Kids and American Consumer Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001; duCille A. Black Barbie and the Deep Play of Difference // The Feminism and Visual Culture Reader / ed. by Amelia Jones. L.: Routledge, 2003. P. 337348; duCille A. Dyes and Dolls: Multicultural Barbie and the Merchandising of Difference // Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies. 1994. No. 4 (6). P. 4668; Inness S. Anti-Barbies: The American Girls Collection and Political Ideologies // Delinquents and Debutantes: Twentieth-Century American Girls Cultures / ed. by Sherrie Inness. N. Y.: New York University Press, 1998. P. 164183.   -        .   1998  Made to Play Home       ,         ,     . .: Forman-Brunell M. Made to Play House: Dolls and the Commercialization of American Girlhood, 18301930. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.




27


Lindencrona B. Dollhouses and Miniatures in Sweden // Swedish Wooden Toys / ed. by Amy Ogata and Susan Weber. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. P. 187215.




28


, ,       .




29


Broomhall S. Imagined Domesticities in Early Modern Dutch Dollhouses // Parergon. 2007. No. 2 (24). P. 52.




30


Lindencrona B. Dollhouses and Miniatures in Sweden. P. 188.




31


Broomhall S. Imagined Domesticities. P. 55.




32


Wilckens von L. Mansions in Miniature: Four Centuries of Dolls Houses. N. Y.: Viking Press, 1980. P. 57.




33


Jaff D. The History of Toys: From Spinning Tops to Robots. L.: Sutton Publishing, 2006. P. 158159.




34


Jacobs F. G. A History of Dolls Houses. N. Y.: Charles Scribners Sons, 1965. P. 28; M?ller H. Ein Idealhaushalt im Miniaturformat: Die N?rnberger Puppenh?user des 17. Jahrhunderts. N?rnberg: Verlag des Germanischen Nationalmuseums, 2006. P. 1923.




35


Cook D. The Commodification of Childhood: The Childrens Clothing Industry and the Rise of the Child Consumer. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004; Pugh A. Longing and Belonging: Parents, Children, and Consumer Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.




36


Seiter E. Sold Separately: Parents and Children in Consumer Culture. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1993. P. 66.




37


Zelizer V. Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children. N. Y.: Basic Books, 1985.




38


      empowered child,         (  ,         ). . .




39


Schor J. Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture. N. Y.: Scribner, 2004; Linn S. Consuming Kids: The Hostile Takeover of Childhood. N. Y.: The New Press, 2004; Kline S. Out of the Garden: Toys and Childrens Culture in the Age of Television Advertising. N. Y.: Verso, 1993. P. 107143; Kinderculture: The Corporate Construction of Childhood / ed. by S. Steinberg. Boulder, CO, 2011.




40


Seiter E. Sold Separately; Buckingham D. The Material Child: Growing up in Consumer Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011; Buckingham D., Tingstad V. Childhood and Consumer Culture. L.: Routledge, 2010; Pugh A. Longing and Belonging: Parents, Children, and Consumer Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009; Lindstrom M., Seybold P. Brain-Child: Remarkable Insights into the Minds of Todays Global Kids and Their Relationships with Brands. L.: Kogan Page, 2003; The Childrens Culture Reader / ed. by H. Jenkins. N. Y.: New York University Press, 1998.




41


., : Allison J. Confections, Concoctions, and Conceptions // The Childrens Culture Reader. P. 394405.




42


Schor J. Born to Buy. P. 5155.




43


Kline S. Out of the Garden. P. 143.




44


        (Seiter E. Sold Separately: Parents and Children in Consumer Culture. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1993).       ,                 . -     ,           . . .




45


Cross G. The Cute and the Cool: Wondrous Innocence and Modern American Childrens Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. P. 12.




46


Goldstein J., Buckingham D., Brougre G., eds. Toys, Games and Media. L.; Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 2004; Kids Media Culture / ed. by M. Kidner. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999.   .: Seiter E. Sold Separately; Television and New Media Audiences. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1998;  Seiter E. Power Rangers at Preschool: Negotiating Media in Childcare Settings // Kids Media Culture. P. 239262.




47


Cross G. The Cute and the Cool. P. 31.




48


   pester power.  ,        .




49


Kline S. Out of the Garden. P. 143173.




50


Program-Length Commercials     ;  ,      .




51


Cross G. Kids Stuff. P. 188227.




52


Fleming D. Powerplay: Toys as Popular Culture. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995. P. 112113.




53


Jacobson L. Raising Consumers: Children and the American Mass Market in the Early Twentieth Century. N. Y.: Columbia University Press, 2004; Denisoff D. The Nineteenth-Century Child and Consumer Culture. Burlington: Ashgate, 2008.




54


Jacobson L. Raising Consumers. P. 127159.




55


Tween    8  12 ,     .




56


Cook D. The Commodification of Childhood: The Childrens Clothing Industry and the Rise of the Child Consumer. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004; Cook D. Commercial Enculturation: Moving Beyond Consumer Socialization // Buckingham and Tingstad, Childhood and Consumer Culture. P. 6379.




57


Cook D. Commercial Enculturation. P 71.




58


Marshall E. Young Women, Femininities and American Girl // Girlhood Studies. 2009. No. 1 (2). P. 94111; Acosta-Alzuru C., Kreshel P. Im an American Girl Whatever That Means. Girls Consuming Pleasant Companys American Girl Identity // Journal of Communication. 2002. No. 1 (52). P. 139161; Acosta-Alzuru C., Roushanzamir E. Everything We Do Is A Celebration of You!. Pleasant Company Constructs American Girlhood // The Communication Review. 2003. No. 6. P. 4569; Brookfield M. From American Girls into American Women: A Discussion of American Girl Nostalgia // Girlhood Studies. 2012. No. 1 (5). P. 5775.




59


Nielsen F. American History through the Eyes of the American Girls // Journal of American and Comparative Cultures. 2002. No. 12 (25). P. 8593; Marcus L. Dolling up History: Fictions of American Jewish Girlhood // Girlhood Studies. 2012. No. 1 (5). P. 1436; Inness S. Anti-Barbies. P. 164183; Lamb S., Brown L. Packaging Girlhood: Rescuing Our Daughters from Marketers Schemes. N. Y.: St. Martins Press, 2006.




60


        .          .




61


Bernstein R. Childrens Books, Dolls and the Performance of Race: or the Possibility of Childrens Literature // Dolls Studies. P. 4.




62


Wolf M. Adapting the Death Star into LEGO: the Case of Lego Set #10188 // LEGO Studies: Examining the Building Blocks of a Transmedial Phenomenon / ed. by M. Wolf. L.: Routledge, 2015. P. 1539.  LEGO  .: Konzack L. The Cultural History of LEGO // LEGO Studies. P. 114; Robertson D. Brick by Brick: How LEGO Rewrote the Rules of Innovation and Conquered the Global Toy Industry. N. Y.: Crown Business, 2013; Baichtal J., Meno J. The Cult of LEGO. San Francisco, CA: No Starch Press, 2011; Herman S. A Million Little Bricks: The Unofficial Illustrated History of the LEGO Phenomenon. N. Y.: Skyhorse Publishing, 2012.




63


     , , ,  LEGO Friends 2012   (, ,               ).            ,  ,    .        -  LEGO,      ,   .        LEGO        ,  ,     (, ,    ),         (   ).         LEGO:   1981        LEGO  ,   2014         Friends.     :   ? . .




64


 .: Johnson D. Chicks with Bricks: Building Creativity Across Industrial Design Cultures and Gendered Construction Play // LEGO Studies / ed. by M. Wolf. P. 81104.  ,  ,       LEGO .: Johnson D. Figuring Identity: Media Licensing and the Racialization of LEGO Bodies // International Journal of Cultural Studies. 2014. No. 4 (17). P. 307325




65


Zinguer T. Architecture in Play: Imitations of Modernism in Architectural Toys. Charlottesville; L.: The University of Virginia Press, 2015. P. 62.




66


      ,            ( ,    )   : ,   .          ,       .   ,     ,          ,        ,     . Vale B., Vale R. Architecture on the Carpet: The Curious Tale of Construction Toys and the Genesis of Modern Buildings. L.: Thames and Hudson, 2013. P. 2437. . .




67


Shubert H. Toys and the Modernist Tradition // Toys and the Modernist Tradition. Montreal: Canadian Center for Architecture, 1993. P. 18.




68


Ibid. P. 28.




69


Rose J. The Case of Peter Pan, or The Impossibility of Childrens Fiction. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984. P. 12.




70


Brandow-Faller M. An Artist in Every Child  A Child in Every Artist. Artistic Toys and Art for the Child at the Kunstschau 1908 // West 86


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71


.    : Ogata A. Designing the Creative Child: Places and Playthings in Midcentury America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.   ,                 .




72


.: Grant J. Raising Baby by the Book: The Education of American Mothers. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. P. 201244.




73


   .  .




74


         ,     .         ,    .




75


Barton C., Somerville K. Play Things: Childrens Racialized Mechanical Banks and Toys, 18801930 // International Journal of Historical Archaeology. 2012. No. 1 (16). P. 4785; Barton C., Somerville K. Historical Racialized Toys in the United States. N. Y.: Routledge, 2016.




76


    ,    -.




77


Chin E. Ethnically Correct Dolls. P. 311313.




78


duCille A. Dyes and Dolls. P. 56.




79


Edgeworth M., Edgeworth R. Practical Education. N. Y.: Self, Brown, 1801. Vol. II. P. 298.




80


Yallop H. Age and Identity in Eighteenth-Century England. L.: Routledge, 2016. P. 19.




81


Kowaleski-Wallace E. Consuming Subjects: Women, Shopping and Business in the Eighteenth Century. Chichester: Columbia University Press, 1997. P. 7398; Smith K. Sensing Design and Workmanship: The Haptic Skills of Shoppers in Eighteenth-Century London // Journal of Design History. 2012. No. 25. P. 110.




82


OMalley A. The Making of the Modern Child: Childrens Literature and Childhood in the Late Eighteenth Century. Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. P. 5;  .: Glaser B. Gendering Childhoods: On the Discursive Formation of Young Females in the Eighteenth Century // Fashioning Childhood in the Eighteenth Century / ed. by A. M?ller. L.: Ashgate, 2006. P. 189198; M?ller A. Framing Childhood in Eighteenth-Century English Periodicals and Prints, 16891789. L.: Ashgate, 2009; Smith K. The Government of Childhood: Discourse, Power and Subjectivity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.




83


Locke J. Some Thoughts Concerning Education, 7


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84


Nardo A. K. The Ludic Self in Seventeenth-Century English Literature. N. Y.: State University of New York Press, 1991. P. 1112.  .: Addy J. Sin and Society in the Seventeenth Century. L.: Routledge, 1989.




85


   - .: Seiter E. Sold Separately: Children and Parents in Consumer Culture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995; Cook D. The Commodification of Childhood: The Childrens Clothing Industry and the Rise of the Child Consumer. L.: Duke University Press, 2004; Jacobson L. Raising Consumers: Children and the American Mass Market in the Early Twentieth Century. N. Y.: Columbia University Press, 2005; Khan S. Harnessing the Complexity of Childrens Consumer Culture // Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education. 2006. No. 1 (3). P. 3959; Cross G. Kids Stuff: Toys and the Changing World of American Childhood. L.: Harvard University Press, 2009.




86


Plumb J. The New World of Children in Eighteenth-Century England // Past and Present. 1975. No. 67. P. 6495; The New World of Children in Eighteenth-Century England // The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England / ed. by N. McKendrick, J. Brewer, J. Plumb. L.: Europa, 1982. P. 286315.




87


., : Seiter E. Sold Separately. P. 5195.




88


Connor R. Women, Accounting, and Narrative: Keeping Books in Eighteenth-Century England. L.: Routledge, 2011. P. 5.




89


Batchelor J. Fashion and Frugality: Eighteenth-Century Pocket Books for Women // Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture. 2003. No. 32. P. 118.




90


Grenby M. The Child Reader, 17001840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. P. 2.




91


Townsend J. Written for Children. L.: Pelican, 1976. P. 31.




92


A Pretty Little Pocket Book, 10


 edition. L.: John Newbery, 1760.




93


The Important Pocket Book. L.: John Newbery, 1765. P. 1.




94


Wennerlind C. Casualties of Credit: The English Financial Revolution, 16201720. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.




95


OMalley A. The Making of the Modern Child. P. 104.




96


Locke J. The Works of John Locke, vol. 8. L.: Rivington, 1824. P. 199201.




97


Michals T. Experiments before Breakfast: Toys, Education and Middle-Class Childhood // The Nineteenth-Century Child and Consumer Culture / ed. by D. Denisoff. Aldershot: Ashgate. 2008. P. 33.




98


Edgeworth M., Edgeworth R. Practical Education, II. P. 276.




99


Robbins S. Lessons for Children and Teaching Mothers: Mrs. Barbauld s Primer for the Textual Construction of Middle-Class Domestic Pedagogy // The Lion and the Unicorn. 1993. No. 17. P. 135151.




100


Jackson M. Engines of Instruction, Mischief, and Magic: Childrens Literature in England from its Beginnings to 1839. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989. P. 131.




101


      - XXI  : Jacobson L. Raising Consumers. P. 5692.




102


  . U951/F24/1-69. Diaries of Fanny Knatchbull, ne Austen Knight.




103


  -. Y/D 87/51-52: Ladies Pocket Book, 17931794.




104


Plumb J. The New World of Children. P. 286315.




105


Edgeworth M., Edgeworth R. Practical Education, I. P. 12.


