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Witold Rybczynski

Makeshift Metropolis: Ideas about Cities

 Witold Rybczynski, 2011. All rights reserved

  ,    , 2014








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        ,     ,   ,         .               ,      ,    [2 - Blum A. The Active Edge   20  2006 ) (http://www.metropolismag.com/March-2006/%20The-Active-Edge/).].          ,    ,   ,   , ,   .              .

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     XVIII      ,  -, , ,    .           , , ,   .    ?    -,               ,     -, . ,    ,       ,   (   ),      .    -       ,                .      ,        .      ,       .         .   ,    , ,      . ,            .  ,   ,    ,       .      :    (        )   ,       .      :      .

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         .     1915 .   University of Illinois Archives (Box FAC-4, folder FAC-4 ROB-ROE, Negative 4062, RS: 39/2/22).



   ,      -,     ,     ,  .      1869 ,     ,      (-).       ,   ,      ,     . -       ,      ,    ,    ,      .  1899     Atlantic Monthly          . ,    ,     ,      :  -      ,         , ,   .                ,  [8 - Robinson C.M. Improvement in City Life: Aesthetic Progress // Atlantic Monthly. 1899. 83. P. 771.]. ,    ,          Public Ledger.           ,      ,           ,         ,        .

 ,   Atlantic Monthly,       ,    ,        , ,    ,   ,  , , ,    .          :              ,   -     ,            .  , ,      .  :   ,        ,       , ,   , ,    ,            .       ,    ,        [9 - Ibid.].

     Harper's           .   ,   ,      [10 - Robinson C.M. Municipal Art in Paris // Harper's Magazine. 1901. 103. P.200207; Idem. Belgium's Art Crusade // Harper's Magazine. 1902. 104. P.443452; Idem. Art Effort in British Cities // Harper's Magazine. 1902. 105. P.787796.].    ,  ,        , ,           ,          .  1901              ,                 .          ;         ,   ,         ,      [11 - Mumford L. The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961. P. 620.].

   ,         .  :     ,    ,   ,    [12 - Robinson C.M. Modern Civic Art, or the City Made Beautiful. New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1918. P. 29 (    1903 ).].  :       ,      ,      [13 - Robinson C.M. The Improvement of Towns and Cities, or the Practical Basis of Civic Aesthetics. New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1901. P. 286.].    ,       ,         ,    .  ,           ,    ,    ,   ,        ,     [14 - Idem. Modern Civic Art P. 193.]




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notes









1


         10%   .










1


          ,  Olin Partnership, Hargreaves Associates, Ken Smith  Gustafson Guthrie Nichol.




2


Blum A. The Active Edge   20  2006 ) (http://www.metropolismag.com/March-2006/%20The-Active-Edge/).




3


Reps J.W. The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1965. P. 111.




4


Robertson J.T. The House as a City // New Classicism: Omnibus Volume / Ed. by A. Papadakis, H. Wilson. London: Academy Editions, 1990. P. 234.




5


. : Reps J.W. Op. cit. P. 248.




6


Greenberg A. George Washington, Architect. London: Andreas Papadakis Publisher, 1999. P. 129.




7


Reps J.T. Op. cit. P. 352.




8


Robinson C.M. Improvement in City Life: Aesthetic Progress // Atlantic Monthly. 1899. 83. P. 771.




9


Ibid.




10


Robinson C.M. Municipal Art in Paris // Harper's Magazine. 1901. 103. P.200207; Idem. Belgium's Art Crusade // Harper's Magazine. 1902. 104. P.443452; Idem. Art Effort in British Cities // Harper's Magazine. 1902. 105. P.787796.




11


Mumford L. The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961. P. 620.




12


Robinson C.M. Modern Civic Art, or the City Made Beautiful. New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1918. P. 29 (    1903 ).




13


Robinson C.M. The Improvement of Towns and Cities, or the Practical Basis of Civic Aesthetics. New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1901. P. 286.




14


Idem. Modern Civic Art P. 193.


