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 ,      ,    ,    ,  ,      ,  ,   ,   .       :        ,     -    .     ,   ,      ,    [7 - Analysis of Nordic regulatory framework and its effect on waste prevention and recycling in the region. http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1304371/FULLTEXT01.pdf (http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1304371/FULLTEXT01.pdf).]          .

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     .      ,  .      ,      ,  ,       .  54 ,     , ,   75%        [17 - Derraik J.G.B. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: areview. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X02002205?_ga=2.222260688.990410040.1614085726-213877562.1585555075 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X02002205?_ga=2.222260688.990410040.1614085726-213877562.1585555075).].    (    ), -          [18 - Facts and figures on marine pollution. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/focus-areas/rio-20-ocean/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want/marine-pollution/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/focus-areas/rio-20-ocean/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want/marine-pollution/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution).].

      [19 - Jamieson A.J., Brooks L.S.R., Reid W.D.K., Piertney S.B., Narayanaswamy B.E., Linley T.D. Microplastics and synthetic particles ingested by deep-sea amphipods in six of the deepest marine ecosystems on Earth (2019), https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.180667 (https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.180667); Jamieson A.J., Malkocs T., Piertney S.B., Fujii T., Zhang Z. Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna, (2017), https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-016-0051 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-016-0051).],    .   , -         :         [20 - Harvey F. Mussels lose grip when exposed to microplastics study, The Guardian, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/30/mussels-lose-grip-when-exposed-to-microplastics-study?_ga=2.60254821.990410040.1614085726-213877562.158555507 (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/30/mussels-lose-grip-when-exposed-to-microplastics-study?_ga=2.60254821.990410040.1614085726-213877562.1585555075).].        .         10- .         -   , ,       [21 -      29  // National Geographic . 2018. http://www.nat-geo.ru/nature/1189357-v-zheludke-mertvogo-kashalota-obnaruzhili-29-kg-plastika (http://www.nat-geo.ru/nature/1189357-v-zheludke-mertvogo-kashalota-obnaruzhili-29-kg-plastika/).].    :   - ,      .

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     322  [22 - Plastics the Facts 2017 // Plastics Europe. https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/resources/publications/274-plastics-facts-2017 (https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/resources/publications/274-plastics-facts-2017).], ,     ,  2036   .          ,   .     ?

   ,    ,      ? [23 - Mason S.A., Welch V.G., Neratko J. Synthetic Polymer Contamination in Bottled Water (2018), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327574651_Synthetic_Polymer_Contamination_in_Bottled_Water (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327574651_Synthetic_Polymer_Contamination_in_Bottled_Water).],    -  , ,          325  !   11        ,    90%     . ,     ,   90000     [24 - Cox K.D., Covernton G.A., Davies H.L., Dower J.F., Juanes F., Dudas S.E. Human Consumption of Microplastics (2019), https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517 (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517).].

 ,   -      ,      .   [25 - Tyree C., Morrison D. Invisibles. The plastic inside us. https://orbmedia.org/stories/Invisibles_plastics/ (https://orbmedia.org/stories/Invisibles_plastics/).]    Orb Media,        , ,   80%    .     :      (-)     .      ,      ,         ,     .    , ,       (     ),     ,   3000  .   ,      ,    ,   .

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 [26 -        //  . 28.08.2019. https://ria.ru/20190828/1557988207.html/ (https://ria.ru/20190828/1557988207.html/).]       ,    .     . ..  ,     -              : , -   .

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notes








1


        14 2013. 298         ()   Ի. http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70345114/#ixzz6HWtVfE6L (http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70345114/#ixzz6HWtVfE6L).




2


    ,           2030 //      25 2018. 84-. http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201801300015 (http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201801300015).




3


                    ,      // .    . . 7. http://president-sovet.ru/files/b3/6c/b36c084776a1ca81d711f28617f62fa1.pdf (http://president-sovet.ru/files/b3/6c/b36c084776a1ca81d711f28617f62fa1.pdf).




4


  ,     ,                //      - . https://ach.gov.ru/upload/iblock/41b/41b02dc50697e6fc57ec2f389a8b68f0.pdf?_ga=2.20161528.1965710017.1613486825-213877562.1585555075 (https://ach.gov.ru/upload/iblock/41b/41b02dc50697e6fc57ec2f389a8b68f0.pdf?_ga=2.20161528.1965710017.1613486825-213877562.1585555075).




5


Tait P. W., Brew J., Che A., Costanzo A. The health impacts of waste incineration: asystematic review, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 2019, 18.09. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1753-6405.12939 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1753-6405.12939).




6


 .,  .         . https://greenpeace.ru/blogs/2021/02/11/skolko-i-chem-my-platim-za-svalki-i-musoroszhigatelnye-zavody/ (https://greenpeace.ru/blogs/2021/02/11/skolko-i-chem-my-platim-za-svalki-i-musoroszhigatelnye-zavody/).




7


Analysis of Nordic regulatory framework and its effect on waste prevention and recycling in the region. http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1304371/FULLTEXT01.pdf (http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1304371/FULLTEXT01.pdf).




8


Geyer R., Jambeck J., Law K. L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made (2017). https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.full (https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.full).




9


Jambeck J. R., Geyer R., Wilcox C., Siegler T.R., Perryman M., Andrady A., Narayan R., Law K.L. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Science 347, 768771 (2015). https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.full (https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.full).




10


 .     . 04.11.2020. https://greenpeace.ru/blogs/2020/11/04/zagrjaznenie-chjornogo-morja-nbsp (https://greenpeace.ru/blogs/2020/11/04/zagrjaznenie-chjornogo-morja-nbsp).




11


 .




12


 .




13


Wilcox C., Sebille E. Van, Hardesty B.D. Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing, PNAS, 2015. https://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11899 (https://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11899).




14


Savoca M.S., Wohlfeil M.E., Ebeler S.E., Nevitt G.A. Marine plastic debris emits a keystone infochemical for olfactory foraging seabirds, Science Advances, 2016. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/11/e1600395 (https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/11/e1600395).




15


Wilcox C., Sebille E. Van, Hardesty B.D. Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing, PNAS, 2015. https://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11899 (https://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11899).




16


 .  . 01.04.2020. https://greenpeace.ru/blogs/2020/04/01/ptichku-zhalko/ (https://greenpeace.ru/blogs/2020/04/01/ptichku-zhalko/).




17


Derraik J.G.B. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: areview. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X02002205?_ga=2.222260688.990410040.1614085726-213877562.1585555075 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X02002205?_ga=2.222260688.990410040.1614085726-213877562.1585555075).




18


Facts and figures on marine pollution. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/focus-areas/rio-20-ocean/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want/marine-pollution/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution (http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/focus-areas/rio-20-ocean/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want/marine-pollution/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution).




19


Jamieson A.J., Brooks L.S.R., Reid W.D.K., Piertney S.B., Narayanaswamy B.E., Linley T.D. Microplastics and synthetic particles ingested by deep-sea amphipods in six of the deepest marine ecosystems on Earth (2019), https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.180667 (https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.180667); Jamieson A.J., Malkocs T., Piertney S.B., Fujii T., Zhang Z. Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna, (2017), https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-016-0051 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-016-0051).




20


Harvey F. Mussels lose grip when exposed to microplastics study, The Guardian, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/30/mussels-lose-grip-when-exposed-to-microplastics-study?_ga=2.60254821.990410040.1614085726-213877562.158555507 (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/30/mussels-lose-grip-when-exposed-to-microplastics-study?_ga=2.60254821.990410040.1614085726-213877562.1585555075).




21


     29  // National Geographic . 2018. http://www.nat-geo.ru/nature/1189357-v-zheludke-mertvogo-kashalota-obnaruzhili-29-kg-plastika (http://www.nat-geo.ru/nature/1189357-v-zheludke-mertvogo-kashalota-obnaruzhili-29-kg-plastika/).




22


Plastics the Facts 2017 // Plastics Europe. https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/resources/publications/274-plastics-facts-2017 (https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/resources/publications/274-plastics-facts-2017).




23


Mason S.A., Welch V.G., Neratko J. Synthetic Polymer Contamination in Bottled Water (2018), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327574651_Synthetic_Polymer_Contamination_in_Bottled_Water (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327574651_Synthetic_Polymer_Contamination_in_Bottled_Water).




24


Cox K.D., Covernton G.A., Davies H.L., Dower J.F., Juanes F., Dudas S.E. Human Consumption of Microplastics (2019), https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517 (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517).




25


Tyree C., Morrison D. Invisibles. The plastic inside us. https://orbmedia.org/stories/Invisibles_plastics/ (https://orbmedia.org/stories/Invisibles_plastics/).




26


       //  . 28.08.2019. https://ria.ru/20190828/1557988207.html/ (https://ria.ru/20190828/1557988207.html/).




27


https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44429158 (https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44429158).




28


https://www.tsu.ru/news/presnovodnuyu-rybu-rossii-vpervye-proverili-na-mik/ (https://www.tsu.ru/news/presnovodnuyu-rybu-rossii-vpervye-proverili-na-mik/).


