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All rights reserved including theright ofreproduction inwhole orin part inany form. This edition published byarrangement with Portfolio, animprint ofPenguin Publishing Group, adivision ofPenguin Random HouseLLC.



Julia Galef, 2021

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notes








1


 .  .  ,   . .:  , 2019. . .




2


 .    . .: , 2016. . .




3


       : Jean-Denis Bredin. TheAffair: TheCase ofAlfred Dreyfus (London: Sidgwick andJackson, 1986); Guy Chapman. TheDreyfus Trials (London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1972); Piers Paul Read, TheDreyfus Affair: TheScandal That Tore France inTwo (London: Bloomsbury, 2012).




4


Men ofthe Day. DCCLIX Captain Alfred Dreyfus, Vanity Fair, September7, 1899, https://bit.ly/2LPkCsl (https://bit.ly/2LPkCsl).




5


 ,        ,       ,  .   ,           . ,          ,    .  : . ,   .




6


,      : Ziva Kunda. TheCase forMotivated Reasoning, Psychological Bulletin 108, 3 (1990): 480498, https://bit.ly/2MMybM5 (https://bit.ly/2MMybM5).




7


Thomas Gilovich. How We Know What Isnt So: TheFallibility ofHuman Reason inEveryday Life (NewYork: TheFree Press, 1991),84.




8


Robert B. Strassler, ed. TheLandmark Thucydides (NewYork: TheFree Press, 2008),282.




9


        堖 George Lakoff andMark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1980).




10


    ,  ,   . ,   ,    ,     ࠖ   . ,  ,  ,       .




11


Ronald Epstein, Daniel Siegel, andJordan Silberman. Self-Monitoring inClinical Practice: AChallenge forMedical Educators, Journal ofContinuing Education inthe Health Professions 28, 1 (Winter 2008): 513.




12


Randall Kiser. How Leading Lawyers Think (London andNewYork: Springer, 2011),100.




13


G.K. Chesterton. TheDrift from Domesticity, TheThing (1929), loc. 337, Kindle.




14


G. K. Chesterton. TheCollected Works ofG. K. Chesterton, vol.3 (San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 1986),157.




15


 ,   (.). . .




16


James Simpson. TheObstetric Memoirs andContributions ofJames Y. Simpson, vol.2 (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1856).




17


Leon R. Kass. TheCase forMortality, American Scholar 52, 2 (Spring 1983): 173191.




18


Alina Tugend. Meeting Disaster with More Than aWing anda Prayer, NewYork Times, July19, 2008, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/19/business/19shortcuts.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/19/business/19shortcuts.html).




19


Election (. ,      ),    (MTV Films  Bona Fide Productions, 1999).




20


R. W. Robins andJ. S. Beer. Positive Illusions About theSelf: Short-term Benefits andLong-term Costs, Journal ofPersonality andSocial Psychology 80, 2 (2001): 340352, doi:10.1037/00223514.80.2.340 (http://doi.org/10.1037/0022%E2%80%933514.80.2.340).




21


Jesse Singal. Why Americans Ignore theRole ofLuck inEverything, TheCut, May12, 2016, https://www.thecut.com/2016/05/why-americans-ignore-the-role-of-luck-in-everything.html (https://www.thecut.com/2016/05/why-americans-ignore-the-role-of-luck-in-everything.html).




22


wistfulxwaves (Reddit user), comment onMasochistic Epistemology, Reddit, September17, 2018, https://www.reddit.com/r/BodyDysmorphia/comments/9gntam/masochistic_epistemology/e6fwxzf/ (https://www.reddit.com/r/BodyDysmorphia/comments/9gntam/masochistic_epistemology/e6fwxzf/).




23


A. C. Cooper, C. Y. Woo, andW. C. Dunkelberg. Entrepreneurs Perceived Chances forSuccess, Journal ofBusiness Venturing 3, 2 (1988): 97108, doi:10.1016/08839026(88)900201 (http://doi.org/10.1016/0883%E2%80%939026%2888%2990020%E2%80%931).




24


Daniel Bean. Never Tell Me theOdds, Daniel Bean Films (blog), April29, 2012, https://danielbeanfilms.wordpress.com/2012/04/29/never-tell-me-the-odds/ (https://danielbeanfilms.wordpress.com/2012/04/29/never-tell-me-the-odds/).




25


Nils Brunsson. TheIrrationality ofAction andAction Rationality: Decisions, Ideologies andOrganizational Actions, Journal ofManagement Studies 19, 1 (1982): 2944.




26


                .            ,   ,     ,    ,     .

      .   ,   ,      . Ӡ        ,      .           ,       .      ,   ,     ,        .   ,        ,     .

  :       .   ,   ,    .      .   ࠖ  ,  ࠖ    , , ,    .




27


Robert A. Caro. Master ofthe Senate: TheYears ofLyndon Johnson III (NewYork: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2009),886.




28


Z.J. Eigen andY. Listokin. Do Lawyers Really Believe Their Own Hype, andShould They? ANatural Experiment, Journal ofLegal Studies 41, 2 (2012), 239267, doi:10/1086/667711 (http://doi.org/10/1086/667711).


