  .        
 


  .  
         ,   .        ,      ,          .        ,            ,       ,      ,   ,   .

  PDF A4   .





 

  .       



Judith L. Herman

Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence  From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror



 .   , 2022


* * *




  


         1992 ,   ,    ,  2015     , , ,          ,  ,   ,   .             ,    ,      , ,     ,     .    ,  , ,       ,  ,  ,     ,        ,   ,   ,   ,   ,  ,   ,    , , ,    ,         ,           ,       ,      ,         ,    .

           .     ,                  -     ,   ,    ,    ;   ,   ,           ,  ,        .          ,    ,      .      ,        ;               ,     ,   .

  ,     ,        ,   ,                .         ,         ,   ,      ,       ,   ,      ,     ,         ,      .                ,  ,       .

      ,     ,  ,         ,       ,     ,  ,   ,           ,     ,          .



 ,

    


   ,  ,     :     , , , , , , . , ,    :      , ,        ;       ,        ,      ,      .  ,     ,   ,     , ,    .      .    ,     ( ,   ),        ,      .        , ,  ,   ,  . Ƞ     蠫 ,  .


 , , 1983. (. . . )







        .    ࠖ            ,   .         ,    -  ,   .      ,           [1 - Womens Mental Health Collective. (  . . .,    .)] ,  .   -    , ,          .     ,  ,   .

          ;           [2 - Victims of Violance Program (VoV).] (),     ,  [3 -    trauma survivor ,    .       ,           ,     ,     , ,    .     ,          ,          ,       ,     .        /,       ,  /   .]     .      .        .               ,      ,  .            . ,     ,        .

           ,      . ,       .             .         [4 - Boston Area Trauma Group.],  ,      ,  ,    .       ;         .       ,  ,      .

       .       ,        ,         ,       .      ,           .      .

,     , ,   ,       .      ,   ,   .   ,             :      ,  ,    ,     ,   ,  ,  ,    .

                       .    ,            .        .        .            蠖     .        ,   ,        .    ,         .

     .  ,  , ,   ,     ,        .       ,   堖 ,   ,  .      ,        .

,    ,      . ߠ,         .  ,    ,    ,       .     .







        .     ,   ,    :     .

     .         ,    .     ,     ,      .    .                 .

             . ,   ,      ,  ,          젖    .     ,    .       ,           ,  .

  [5 -   ,    ,         .]         ,     .     ,  ,  ,      [6 - Numbness (.)  ,   ,     ,    .  2 ,  .]    .    ,    ,   ,        ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  .            ,         ,  .

     ,   .       ,    ,   ,        .    ,     ,   . ,    ,    ,     .            ,    .

      ,     . ,        ,   . Ӡ       .  ,  ,      .  ,    ,    .        .

      ࠖ ,   ,    .       ,      .  1970-        ,       . ,   ,    .    -         .                   ,     .     ,     1976 ,    蠖     .          ,       .    ,     ,     ,  ,     .

             .    ,         ,      .    :    ,   ,   .   :      ,     ,     ,   ,   , ,    ,   ,   ,   .

,   ,     .     ⠖        ,     .   젖       蠖  ,     [7 -  ,   ()   ,   ,  ;     .].                 [8 -   psychological disorder    - mental disorder ( ),   ,     .],  ,    .

      ,         .   蠖    ,         .                 . Ƞ  ,       ,   ,   ,    .

          ,  ,       ,     .                    - .

      .   ,      蠖   . -,    ,       , -,    ,     .  ,   , :    ,     ,  -  .

,  ,          ,  ,       . ߠ      ,         ,    . ߠ       ,      ,      ,   ,   ,     ,   .

    ,             ,              . ߠ,     : -,       ; -,        ; ,- (,   ),      ,         . ߠ    ,     蠖             ,    . ߠ  ,            .




 I.  





 1.  



        .       .            ,      ,       .   -     .          ,    頖      .

       ,     .         -  .       ,     .            .

         ,      .        .         ,     .       ,       .      .        .

     . ,      ,    .   ,    ,      .  , , ,      .   ,  .  , ,     ,    ,    ,     :



   ,    ;       .        :   ,    ,   ,  頖  , ,   ,    ,   .       .        [9 - L.Eitinger, The Concentration Camp Syndrome and Its Late Sequelae//  . Survivors, Victims and Perpetrators/. . J. E. Dimsdale (New York: Hemisphere, 1980). . 127162.].


    ,  ,   ,   ,   .  堖    .     ,    .       ,    ,     .       ⠖         .     ,   , ,       :    ;  ;  ;     ; ,      .   ,        蠖     ,   ,    .

   ,         .            [10 -          V. J. Lerner, The Belief in a Just World (Ney York: Plenum, 1980).].   ,       .   ,  ,   ,    ,        .     (  ),   ,            .    젖  ,    .

            .         .          堖   ?      ?     ,  ,     :     ?     ,    ,  -     ,      .

      ,    . ,        ,     ,      -  . ,     ,      ,      .

    ,   ,    ,     .          ,  .  ࠖ  ,   ,    .

         .  ,  ,        ,      .        ,          .         ,       .      ,     ,  ,            .                . ,  堖   ,   .

            .        -  .        .     ,     XIX  .     ,  [11 - Shellshock (.)      ,   .          蠫  .     ,   ,          ,     .].                .          . Ƞ ,       ,    .         .             .




  


    XIX         .       ,         .    ,            .     ,     [12 - H. Ellenberger, The Discovery of the Unconscious (New York: Basic Books, 1970). . 142.].  堖  ( . ?????? ).    ,        ,        [13 - M. Micale, Hysteria and Its Historiography: A Review of Past and Present Writings, History of Science 27 (1989). . 223267 319351, . c. 319.].

       - .    ,    ,           : ,  .          ,      ,  ,  ,   .    ,     ,   ,    [14 -      . : Ellenberger, Discovery of the Unconscious; G. F. Drinka, The Birth of Neurosis: Myth Malady and the Victorians (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984); E. Showalter, The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 18301980 (New York: Pantheon, 1985); J. Goldstein, Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987).].

        .       ,    蠖  .         ,       ,    : , ,   ,   [15 - A. Muntle. .  . Drinka, The Birth of Neurosis. . 88.].           . ,      ,   ,     ,   ,   .      ,       ,   ,     ,     .

      ,      ;      ,         .      ,        .         :



       . ,   ,      ;      ,       .      ,             [16 - S. Freud, Charcot, [1893] . Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud ( Standard Edition). . 3/. . J. Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1962). . 19.].


  ,     ,  .     ,  .      堖   ,    .     ,   :  ,   ,  . ʠ1880    ,      ,        .

          ,       .      ,    .        .              ,             :



:      . (  -      .)  ,  [ ].       ,    .      , ,     .

: ,  !

:     .       ,       (  : , !)

:  ,     .  ,    [17 - C. Goetz (. .) Charcot the Clinician: The Tuesday Lessons. Excerpts from Nine Case Presentations on General Neurology Delivered at the Salp?tri?re Hospital in 188788 (New York: Raven Press, 1987). . 104105.].


      ,   .       .         [18 -     .             . .: C. Perry and J. R. Laurence, Mental Processing Outside of Awareness: The Contributions of Freud and Janet//  . The Unconscious Reconsidered/  . K. S. Bowers, D. Meichenbaum (New York: Wiley, 1984).].   ,  ,       .   .          ,   ,  .      ,   ,     .            .

    . ʠ 1890-                :    ,   .          , ,  ,   .      [19 - P. Janet, Lautomatisme psychologique: essai de psychologie exprimentale sur les formes infrieures de lactivit humaine (Paris: Flix Alcan, 1889; Paris: Socit Pierre Janet/Payot, 1973).].      [20 - J. Breuer and S. Freud, Studies on Hysteria, [189395] Standard Edition. . 2/. . J Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1955).].

 ,        ,   , ,  .  ,          .  , , ,            ,  ,     [21 -  . . 13.].

 ,   ,            ,     .          ,   [22 -   ,      . Ellenberger, The Discovery of the Unconscious. . 413, . 82.].       ,        [23 - Breuer and Freud, Studies on Hysteria. . 7.].

  1890-    ,     ,   ,    ,  ,    .       .      ,  䠖   ,     ⠫.    ,,        ࠖ ,     ,      .         [24 -   ,            ,  ,  ,      ,     .][25 -  . . 30.].

         ,           . ,     , ,            .    ,      , -     . ,  , , ,  ,  [26 - P. Janet, Etude sur un case daboulie et dides fixes, Revue Philosophique 31 (1891)/. . : Ellenberger, Discovery of the Unconscious. . 365366.]. ,     .,    [27 - Breuer and Freud, Studies on Hysteria. . 35.].

      ,        .    ,       ,  ࠖ          .      :



         ,         . ߠ            젖     [28 -  . . 259260.].


           .         ,   ,       . Ƞ,   ,  .      ,  .   ,        ,    ,    ,           . ʠ1896   ,    .      ,    ,    :



   ,             ,      ,     [  ]   ,     . ߠ,    ,    caput Nili [ ] [29 - S. Freud, The Aetiology of Hysteria, [1896], Standard Edition. . 3/. . J. Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1962). . 203.].


    -        ,  .  , , ,    .      ,          .

              .   ,             .       ,          .       , ,      ,   ,      ,  ,       ,        ,     ,       ,     .     .    [30 - M. Bonaparte, A Freud, and E. Kris (.), The Origins of Psychoanalysis: Letters to Wilhelm Fliess, Drafts and Notes: 18871902, by Sigmund Freud/. E Mosbacher and J. Strachey (New York: Basic Books, 1954). . 215216.].

  ,     .        .  ,       ,     ,    .        [31 - S. Freud, Dora: An Analysis of a Case of Hysteria, . P. Rieff (New York: Collier, 1963). . 13.     . : H.B.Lewis, Psychic War in Men and Women (New York: New York University Press, 1976); C. Bernheimer, and C. Kahane (.), In Doras Case: Freud-Hysteria-Feminism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985).].           :         . ,   ,       .         .    ,       ,        .     堖 ,     .

             . Ƞ          .        ,             ,   [32 - F. Deutsch, A Footnote to Freuds Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria, Psychoanalytic Quarterly 26 (1957). . 159167.].

       .           [33 - F Rush, The Freudian Cover-Up, Chrysalis 1 (1977). . 3145; J. L. Herman, Father-Daughter Incest (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981); J.M.Masson, The Assault on Truth. Freuds Suppression of the Seduction Theory (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1984).].      .    ,      ,   .       ,    . ʠ  XX,      ,      ,   ,          :



   ,              ,   [34 - S. Freud, An Autobiographical Study, [1925], Standard Edition. . 20/. . J. Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1962). . 34.].


      . Ѡ     ,     ,   .        .    .         [35 - I. Veith, Four Thousand Years of Hysteria//  . Hysterical Personality, . M. Horowitz (New York: Jason Aronson, 1977). . 793.].

        .  ,        ,        ,  -     ,     .

     XIX         ,   .  ,   1789 ,     . Ѡ 1870    -      ,        ࠖ  .

            .      ,     蠖  .         . 堖     .    , -  ,    ,     [36 - .  .: P. K. Bidelman, Pariahs Stand Up! The Founding of the Liberal Feminist Movement on France, 18581889 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982). . 17.].

,  ,    ,       .             .             ,  .   1870-       ,       .      ,        .       .    ,       .

 ,  ,     ,   , ,   .         ,     .            ,     ,   ,  ,      [37 - J. M. Charcot and P. Richer, Les dmoniaques dans lart [1881]; (Paris: Macula, 1984).].           ,   , ,   .     ,      .       .   -          ,   -  ,    ,     .          [38 - Goldstein, Console and Classify.].

 ,                 XIX.            ,       .           .  ,    ,  1880 :



 ,  ,  ,     ,       [39 - . . : Goldstein, Console and Classify.].


       :



     ,  ,         ;           [40 - W. James, Review of Janets essays, Ltat mental des Hystriques and Lamnsie continue, Psychological Review 1 (1894). . 195.].


          ,      ,           .        ,   .   ,       ,                .

         .   1870-             .       ,   1878 ,         ,      [41 -     XIX.   .: Bidelman, Pariahs Stand Up!; C. G. Moses, French Feminism in the Nineteenth Century (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1984).]. ,         ,       ,      .

    -  . ,       ,  . ʠ XIX     .            ,         .             ,        .      -      .  - 1888     ,        ,     ,   [42 - .  .: Goldstein, Console and Classify. . 375.].

     ,    ,  ;         ,           .     ⠫  ,  .        ,   ,     ,    . ,           .         ,     , -     .     ,     ,           .

        (  1893 ).     ,      ,     ,  .    ,        , ,   ,  ,   .        ,     [43 - G. Tourette, Jean-Martin Charcot, Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salp?tri?re 6 (1893). . 241250.].

      ,        .            . ,     ,            .     ,   ,          .        ,   , , -,  ,   , ,       . Ѡ   Π    [44 - E. Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (New York: Basic Books, 1953); M. Rosenbaum, Anna O (Bertha Pappenheim): Her History//  . Anna O: Fourteen Contemporary Reinterpretations/. . M. Rosenbaum, M. Muroff (New York: Free Press, 1984). . 125.].

           ,       .            .      ,  ,    []      ,      [].      ,      :        [45 - Bonaparte et al. The Origins of Psychoanalysis. . 134.].

           .  ,       ,           .     , ,   ,     ,      ,   .       ,   ,     :      ,    [46 - ,     4  1896 .  .: Masson, Assault on Truth. . 10.].

           [47 - Masson, Assault on Truth; J. Malcolm, In the Freud Archives (New York: Knopf, 1984).             .].    ,     [48 - Masson, Assault on Truth.].           ,         -.        ,           ,     ,   ,    .      ,       .   ,            ,   ,     ,   .

,              . ,           ,      ,       .     -     ,       . Ѡ ,        ,  ,    ,    ,       .

,      ,   ,   .         ,       .             ,   ,   .             ,     .    ,        ,  .       ,         [49 -       .   : K. Horney, The Flight From Womanhood: The Masculinity Complex in Women as Viewed by Men and by Women, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 7 (1926). . 324329, K. Millet, Sexual Politics (New York: Doubleday, 1969).].        .

    ,        ,   ,  .       , , -,    .  . -    ,    ,         .                        .   젖  젖      ,  .             ,     ,      ,       .  ,      .    ,                  [50 - .  : M. Kaplan, Anna O and Bertha Pappenheim: An Historical Perspective//  . Rosenbaum and Muroff, Anna O. . 107.].         :



    ,         .   ࠖ   ; ,      .    ,    .       .        .     .  ,    [51 - .  : M. Rosenbaum, Anna O (Bertha Pappenheim): Her History//  . Rosenbaum and Muroff, Anna O. . 22.].      ,  ,     ,                 [52 - .  : Kaplan, Anna O and Bertha Pappenheim. . 114.].





   


            .              [53 -   ,       10       . (. .)]. ʠ               .

            .         ,    .  , ,    ,       ,     ,     ,    .       .       .        .     .       ,        .   ,     40%      .              [54 - Showalter, The Female Malady. . 168170.].

       .    ,       ,      ,   ,      [55 - C. S. Myers, Shell Shock in France (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1940).].   ,    ,       ,       .       ,        .  ,       ,  ,     ,  .

       ,   ,      ,     .   ,              頖    ,   . ,    ,    ,  젖  .          [56 - A. Leri, Shell Shock: Commotional and Emotional Aspects (London: University of London Press, 1919). . 118.].     ,       ,            ,       .

         .    1918          ,   ,  .   ,  ,     ,   .     . ,     ,  .   ,      ,       .       ,     .       :



:   ,        ,    ,     [57 - .  .: Showalter, The Female Malady. . 177.].


  , , ,        ,        .     ,    .        ... , ,  ,  .         ,        .    , ,     ,   ,    ,   .    ,  1917 ,     :



         ,   ,     ,    .

ߠ ,  ,     . ߠ,   ,     ,      ߠ              ,    [58 - P Fussell (.), Siegfried Sassoons Long Journey: Selections from the Sherston Memoirs (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983). . 104.].


,     ,    -,   , ,       .           .       ,  ,   ,      [59 - R. Graves, Goodbye to All That [1929] (New York: Doubleday, 1957). . 263.].   , ,    .       , ,  ,     .

        ,       .           .      .     .    ,    .    ,       .     :



  []    ; ,      ߠ        . ,   ,        ,      [60 - Fussell, Siegfried Sassoons Long Journey. . 134, 136.].


,       ,   .           .   ,         . ʠ    ,   ,   - ,     ,  -   . ,    ,   ,         .  , -,         , ,-,           ,  ,     .        .

    , ,     ,          .       ,      .       ,    ,    ,   ,   :



 .      ,          ,        ?       , ; ,    ,  ,   . ,  ,    ,       ,   ;       ,            ,   ,       [61 -  . . 141.].


      ,        .       -      ,        ,    .

 1922        -    ,    .       .      ,  ,       ?[62 - A. Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud (New York: Norton, 1977). . 52.]       ,  -       .         ,       .          .  ,    ,      -  .  ,     ,  :      ! Ƞ      . , ,  ,   . ߠ      ,  -    ,      .    [63 -  . . 110111.].

  ,       ࠖ , ,   ,     蠖            [64 -  . . 27, 101.].           ,             , ,    , .  1939              .

          ,     , ,           .  1941           ,     ,     :



  ,   ,  25         .     ,        ,      . -          ,      .           ,   ,      ,           ,       [65 - A. Kardiner, and H. Spiegel, War, Stress, and Neurotic Illness (  . The Traumatic Neuroses of War) (New York: Hoeber, 1947). . 1.].


         .        XIX  .  ,  ,          ,   ,        ,      :



   ,    ,   ,   - .             ,          ,    ,    [66 -  . . 406.].


    ,       .                 .   ,                   . ,         ,    .        , .. ..,  ,  200240    ,      :



   ,          ,     ,      .  ,      ,         [67 - J. W. Appel, and G. W. Beebe, Preventive Psychiatry: An Epidemiological Approach, Journal of the American Medical Association 131 (1946). . 14681471, . . 1470.].


      ,              .    ,       ࠖ     .  1947           , ,      .   ,           ,  ,   , .         ,  ,             .  ,                 [68 - R. P. Grinker, and J. Spiegel, Men Under Stress (Philadelphia: Blakeston, 1945).].

 ,      ,          .      ,            [69 - Grinker and Spiegel, Men Under Stress; Kardiner and Spiegel, War, Stress.].                 .  ,            .  .      ,     .     (   ) ,    .      ,                    ,  .

,    , ,         ,     .  . , ,        ,        .   ,  ,      [70 - Kardiner and Spiegel, War, Stress. . 365.].  .   ,     ,  ,      ,    .   ,  ,     ,   ,   ,    .      ,     ,       [71 - Grinker and Spiegel, Men Under Stress. . 371.].

       .            .   , 80%   ,         ,  ,         ,  30%   [72 - J. Ellis, The Sharp End of War: The Fighting Man in World War II (London: David and Charles, 1980).].          ,     ,  堖      .        , ,    . Ѡ        .         .        .

,               .            ,    ,   .

 1970 ,      ,  ,     ,    ,      .         ,    ,    .    ,       ,        .        .   ,  ,                   [73 -  ࠖ ,       ,   :   ,   .. (. .)][74 - R. J. Lifton, Home from War: Vietnam Veterans: Neither Victims nor Executioners (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1973). . 31.].

    ,    ,  .   ,   ,  ,  ,       .     ,    .   ,         :



   ,    , .              ,       ,    [75 - Interview with Chaim Shatan, McGill News, Montreal, Quebec,  1983.].


     :   ,    ,     . ,    ,       ,  .     .  ,     .    ,       - .       :



   ,    .    ?  .     ?      ,   ,      .       ? , .    .    ,   ,  -      ,         ,    .    , .  ,        ,       [76 - M. Norman, These Good Men: Friendships Forged From War (New York: Crown, 1989). . 139, 141.].


  1970-      . ʠ                  ,    .       ,   ;       ,  頖 .         .             ,         .                ,     [77 - A. Egendorf et al. Legacies of Vietnam. . 15 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1981).].

                  .  1980          .               ,    [78 - American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3- . (DSM-III) (Washington, D. C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1980).].        ,      .  ,   ,            ,       .




   


   XIX        .       ,        . ,    ,    .   XX         . Ƞ      1970-   ,          ,   .

       , .               ,     .  ,      ,      ,  .      ,          .

      ,     .   ,               .               [79 - B. Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: Dell, 1963).].            [80 - K. Amatniek (Sarachild), Consciousness-Raising, in New York Redstockings: Notes from the Second Year, 1968 ().        .: S. Evans, Personal Politics (New York: Vintage, 1980).].

   ,          :       ,        .         ,  ,        .      -    ,      .              .      ,    ,   蠖  :





    

   :

  

 堗

   

,  

   

 ,   

    

    [81 - J. Tepperman, |Going Through Changes, . Sisterhood Is Powerful/. . R. Morgan (New York: Random House, 1970). . 507508.].



       ,     ,   .       ,      ,      .       .  ,     ,        :



             ,     ,      .  ,   ,   XVII ,  ,  蔠       [82 - K. Sarachild, Consciousness-Raising: A Radical Weapon, . Feminist Revolution/. . K. Sarachild (New York: Random House, 1978). . 145. (. . New York Redstockings, 1975).].


,    ,       .          - 1971 .          1976.             1970-.           .          ,    .

  1970-              .  1975              .     ,   .    ,   ,   ,  ,  . -     .              ,    .     ,        .

      ,         .     ,  ,     .        1980-  ,      .  900 ,    ,          .   .    .       [83 - D. E. H. Russell, Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Sexual Harassment (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1984).].

                    .      ,     : 堖  .      ,   [84 - S. Brownmiller, Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1975).].         ,      :        ,      .

       ,      .   ,            ,        :



 ,      ,  ,        ,        . ߠ,            .    ,    ,         [85 -  . . 1415].


        ,       ,   .          1971 .           .      ,      ,     .       ,    ,      ,     .       ,       ,   .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/dzhudit-german/travma-i-iscelenie-posledstviya-nasiliya-ot-abuza-do-politi/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Womens Mental Health Collective. (  . . .,    .)




2


Victims of Violance Program (VoV).




3


   trauma survivor ,    .       ,           ,     ,     , ,    .     ,          ,          ,       ,     .        /,       ,  /   .




4


Boston Area Trauma Group.




5


  ,    ,         .




6


Numbness (.)  ,   ,     ,    .  2 ,  .




7


 ,   ()   ,   ,  ;     .




8


  psychological disorder    - mental disorder ( ),   ,     .




9


L.Eitinger, The Concentration Camp Syndrome and Its Late Sequelae//  . Survivors, Victims and Perpetrators/. . J. E. Dimsdale (New York: Hemisphere, 1980). . 127162.




10


         V. J. Lerner, The Belief in a Just World (Ney York: Plenum, 1980).




11


Shellshock (.)      ,   .          蠫  .     ,   ,          ,     .




12


H. Ellenberger, The Discovery of the Unconscious (New York: Basic Books, 1970). . 142.




13


M. Micale, Hysteria and Its Historiography: A Review of Past and Present Writings, History of Science 27 (1989). . 223267 319351, . c. 319.




14


     . : Ellenberger, Discovery of the Unconscious; G. F. Drinka, The Birth of Neurosis: Myth Malady and the Victorians (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984); E. Showalter, The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 18301980 (New York: Pantheon, 1985); J. Goldstein, Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987).




15


A. Muntle. .  . Drinka, The Birth of Neurosis. . 88.




16


S. Freud, Charcot, [1893] . Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud ( Standard Edition). . 3/. . J. Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1962). . 19.




17


C. Goetz (. .) Charcot the Clinician: The Tuesday Lessons. Excerpts from Nine Case Presentations on General Neurology Delivered at the Salp?tri?re Hospital in 188788 (New York: Raven Press, 1987). . 104105.




18


    .             . .: C. Perry and J. R. Laurence, Mental Processing Outside of Awareness: The Contributions of Freud and Janet//  . The Unconscious Reconsidered/  . K. S. Bowers, D. Meichenbaum (New York: Wiley, 1984).




19


P. Janet, Lautomatisme psychologique: essai de psychologie exprimentale sur les formes infrieures de lactivit humaine (Paris: Flix Alcan, 1889; Paris: Socit Pierre Janet/Payot, 1973).




20


J. Breuer and S. Freud, Studies on Hysteria, [189395] Standard Edition. . 2/. . J Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1955).




21


 . . 13.




22


  ,      . Ellenberger, The Discovery of the Unconscious. . 413, . 82.




23


Breuer and Freud, Studies on Hysteria. . 7.




24


  ,            ,  ,  ,      ,     .




25


 . . 30.




26


P. Janet, Etude sur un case daboulie et dides fixes, Revue Philosophique 31 (1891)/. . : Ellenberger, Discovery of the Unconscious. . 365366.




27


Breuer and Freud, Studies on Hysteria. . 35.




28


 . . 259260.




29


S. Freud, The Aetiology of Hysteria, [1896], Standard Edition. . 3/. . J. Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1962). . 203.




30


M. Bonaparte, A Freud, and E. Kris (.), The Origins of Psychoanalysis: Letters to Wilhelm Fliess, Drafts and Notes: 18871902, by Sigmund Freud/. E Mosbacher and J. Strachey (New York: Basic Books, 1954). . 215216.




31


S. Freud, Dora: An Analysis of a Case of Hysteria, . P. Rieff (New York: Collier, 1963). . 13.     . : H.B.Lewis, Psychic War in Men and Women (New York: New York University Press, 1976); C. Bernheimer, and C. Kahane (.), In Doras Case: Freud-Hysteria-Feminism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985).




32


F. Deutsch, A Footnote to Freuds Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria, Psychoanalytic Quarterly 26 (1957). . 159167.




33


F Rush, The Freudian Cover-Up, Chrysalis 1 (1977). . 3145; J. L. Herman, Father-Daughter Incest (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981); J.M.Masson, The Assault on Truth. Freuds Suppression of the Seduction Theory (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1984).




34


S. Freud, An Autobiographical Study, [1925], Standard Edition. . 20/. . J. Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1962). . 34.




35


I. Veith, Four Thousand Years of Hysteria//  . Hysterical Personality, . M. Horowitz (New York: Jason Aronson, 1977). . 793.




36


.  .: P. K. Bidelman, Pariahs Stand Up! The Founding of the Liberal Feminist Movement on France, 18581889 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982). . 17.




37


J. M. Charcot and P. Richer, Les dmoniaques dans lart [1881]; (Paris: Macula, 1984).




38


Goldstein, Console and Classify.




39


. . : Goldstein, Console and Classify.




40


W. James, Review of Janets essays, Ltat mental des Hystriques and Lamnsie continue, Psychological Review 1 (1894). . 195.




41


    XIX.   .: Bidelman, Pariahs Stand Up!; C. G. Moses, French Feminism in the Nineteenth Century (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1984).




42


.  .: Goldstein, Console and Classify. . 375.




43


G. Tourette, Jean-Martin Charcot, Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salp?tri?re 6 (1893). . 241250.




44


E. Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (New York: Basic Books, 1953); M. Rosenbaum, Anna O (Bertha Pappenheim): Her History//  . Anna O: Fourteen Contemporary Reinterpretations/. . M. Rosenbaum, M. Muroff (New York: Free Press, 1984). . 125.




45


Bonaparte et al. The Origins of Psychoanalysis. . 134.




46


,     4  1896 .  .: Masson, Assault on Truth. . 10.




47


Masson, Assault on Truth; J. Malcolm, In the Freud Archives (New York: Knopf, 1984).             .




48


Masson, Assault on Truth.




49


      .   : K. Horney, The Flight From Womanhood: The Masculinity Complex in Women as Viewed by Men and by Women, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 7 (1926). . 324329, K. Millet, Sexual Politics (New York: Doubleday, 1969).




50


.  : M. Kaplan, Anna O and Bertha Pappenheim: An Historical Perspective//  . Rosenbaum and Muroff, Anna O. . 107.




51


.  : M. Rosenbaum, Anna O (Bertha Pappenheim): Her History//  . Rosenbaum and Muroff, Anna O. . 22.




52


.  : Kaplan, Anna O and Bertha Pappenheim. . 114.




53


  ,       10       . (. .)




54


Showalter, The Female Malady. . 168170.




55


C. S. Myers, Shell Shock in France (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1940).




56


A. Leri, Shell Shock: Commotional and Emotional Aspects (London: University of London Press, 1919). . 118.




57


.  .: Showalter, The Female Malady. . 177.




58


P Fussell (.), Siegfried Sassoons Long Journey: Selections from the Sherston Memoirs (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983). . 104.




59


R. Graves, Goodbye to All That [1929] (New York: Doubleday, 1957). . 263.




60


Fussell, Siegfried Sassoons Long Journey. . 134, 136.




61


 . . 141.




62


A. Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud (New York: Norton, 1977). . 52.




63


 . . 110111.




64


 . . 27, 101.




65


A. Kardiner, and H. Spiegel, War, Stress, and Neurotic Illness (  . The Traumatic Neuroses of War) (New York: Hoeber, 1947). . 1.




66


 . . 406.




67


J. W. Appel, and G. W. Beebe, Preventive Psychiatry: An Epidemiological Approach, Journal of the American Medical Association 131 (1946). . 14681471, . . 1470.




68


R. P. Grinker, and J. Spiegel, Men Under Stress (Philadelphia: Blakeston, 1945).




69


Grinker and Spiegel, Men Under Stress; Kardiner and Spiegel, War, Stress.




70


Kardiner and Spiegel, War, Stress. . 365.




71


Grinker and Spiegel, Men Under Stress. . 371.




72


J. Ellis, The Sharp End of War: The Fighting Man in World War II (London: David and Charles, 1980).




73


 ࠖ ,       ,   :   ,   .. (. .)




74


R. J. Lifton, Home from War: Vietnam Veterans: Neither Victims nor Executioners (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1973). . 31.




75


Interview with Chaim Shatan, McGill News, Montreal, Quebec,  1983.




76


M. Norman, These Good Men: Friendships Forged From War (New York: Crown, 1989). . 139, 141.




77


A. Egendorf et al. Legacies of Vietnam. . 15 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1981).




78


American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3- . (DSM-III) (Washington, D. C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1980).




79


B. Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: Dell, 1963).




80


K. Amatniek (Sarachild), Consciousness-Raising, in New York Redstockings: Notes from the Second Year, 1968 ().        .: S. Evans, Personal Politics (New York: Vintage, 1980).




81


J. Tepperman, |Going Through Changes, . Sisterhood Is Powerful/. . R. Morgan (New York: Random House, 1970). . 507508.




82


K. Sarachild, Consciousness-Raising: A Radical Weapon, . Feminist Revolution/. . K. Sarachild (New York: Random House, 1978). . 145. (. . New York Redstockings, 1975).




83


D. E. H. Russell, Sexual Exploitation: Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Sexual Harassment (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1984).




84


S. Brownmiller, Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1975).




85


 . . 1415


