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 ,    ,              - .       ,      ,         .  ,               ,            .              ,    . ,       ,      ,           ,     .

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 1       









          (  -, , e-Government),         ;    , . .      ,     ,   ;   -;   () .

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     , , ,   ;

        ;

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            -.

            , ,  , ,   ( 2)   ( 3),    :

  ; 2)   ; 3)   ; 4)   .         , ,   () - .                      .




 1   





1.1  


   , ,        .    [4],      1993 .     .

          e-Government[2 - https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/E-government/Definition].      -   ,     ,  ,  ,   ,  ,     ,    ,  ,   ,   . ,  ,   Gartner   2000 . [39],        : -               ,   ,          ,           .  ,    -,    1.1.



 1.1.      [59][3 -       https://www.un.org/development/desa/ru/United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs http://www.un.org/desa]



















          ,   ,  ,       .       ,      [4 -  ,         . The Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK), http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Sociotechnical_System_(glossary)],       , . .   ,   ,      .             - ,       .

     (. . 1.1),                   -.        ,    .  ,   ,            .

           -        (. 1.1).










. 1.1.       ,    [24]



   . 1.1 G      Government (), B  Business (), C  Citizen, Constituent, Customer (,   ).  G2C  C2G     , G2B  B2G    , G2N  N2G     .             G2G,        G2E.        1.2.



 1.2.    [24]










,       (,    )       ,            .           .

  (e-Citizen, -)   ,      /   , ,   .                 .       e-Citizen,     ECDL[5 - http://www.ecdl.org/], -         ,   ,   ,      ( ,  , ,        . .),    ,    ,      ,      [6 - http://ecdl.org/about-ecdl/e-citizen].

  (. Electronic Business), -   ,   -,  -        .     -      - [74].           ,  . .   ;    ; ,    -;    ;      . ,           ,        , ,        [74].   -       G2B  B2G.

     1  ,   ,     ,   . 1.2                 .

 -  ,             (-, e-governance).  (1)    ,   - -,   ,  (2)      ,      -.  -             ,      .










. 1.2.        [72]



      ,     ,             <>           ,    ,      ,         .  ,         ,  ,    ,      [90].

         ,      .

     [38],     ,    [60]   [68]  70-      .      ,           115.052002  .   .   :    ,                    [2][7 -           .].

         ,                [50].       2006 ,        [8 - http://www.smart-society-project.eu/],    .

      ,        .   ,          2015   Accenture       [3].      ,              ,     (1)         ,   ; (2)  , ,     ; (3)         , ,   ,  , ,   ;

(4)        ; (5)    ,    ,  ,     .

      ,      Digital Single Market[9 - https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en]:     ,              ;      ;     ,     ;      .

        ,  ,    .          ,     :

                ;

             . ,     2020    756 000  [10 -          - (. ).];

          ,     .    ,  ,  , , , ,            ;

      -,    ,    ,    ,   ,     ;

           ,  , ,      .

           ,           ,   ,          XXI [11 - https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/skills-jobs].

              :

             ,       .

            ,   ,   ,      .

        

   ,        ,      .

           ,   ,   -     ,    .

          ,       .

            ,    ,      [12 - https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/society].

        DCI[13 -   , http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/dc-institute.html, http://www.digitalcitizenshipinstitute.com/]      ,      :

1.  :      .

2.  :     .

3.  :   .

4.  :        .

5.  :     .

6.  :      .

7.    :  ,       .

8.  :        .

9.   ():   ,   [14 - http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/nine-elements.html].

   ,      ,    .     ,               .




1.2.     


            (.  ).        ,     ,           ,        .            ,        ,   [15 - . . .: . . . . 2010, http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/politology/177/].      ()     ,    [16 -   , http://juridical.slovaronline.com].

      ()  [17 - Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG), http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=4].        ,     :

   <>                .  (  . )       ,  ,  ,        ,           . ,       ,    ,           , ,  ,               -    .

                 .             ,         .   , ,  ,   ,     ,           ,    ,      .                .

      ()   ,    (   ), ,  , (1)              ,   (2)     ,            -,        .  ,  (3)           ,     .

,     -    ,          ,      ()     (.   5.3.3).        (Performance Reference Model, PRM)   - (Business Reference Model, BRM) [27],                .

       (   , )      ,      17.12.1997  2- (.  03.07.2016)     [53].      9  2004 . 314         [51]    ,                 (),      ()      ().    (  )     :

     ;

    ;

    ;

    .

,      [18 - Tadviser.       , http://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/:______()] ( )[19 -   http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/]     ,         -    :

    (             );

   (     )   ;

     ,     (   ,  ,    ,         );

  ,    ;

    .

    [12],       [12]   2008 .,          (, , )  . ,     24.05.2010 . 365 [21]              .  ,           :

           ()[20 - http://rkn.gov.ru/];

   [21 - http://www.rossvyaz.ru];

       [22 - http://www.fapmc.ru/].

              :  ,    () ,      . ,      /  -    (, ,   .)  ,    ,         ,  ,    . ,           () ,  ,   ,            .

 ,    (   ,    ) ,  ,         .  [23 -       ()     +22 (.  2000 .  2004 .),      1     , ,  1992 . 1994 .]      19922009 .         (. . 1.3).    ,      ,                   .



 1.3.          19922009  [3]










 - (      -)         ( ).   ,  ,             -,   ,        .

              ,    [23]   2000- .                 -   2004 . 45:55. ,   ,     (20 %),     - (30 %)    ()   (50 %).   ,          36,5  .

 2003         [24 - http://ar.gov.ru/ru/o_reforme/index.html]    5 . ,         . ,          ,        ,   800.             ,      [40].




1.3.    


       XXI    ,    ,    .         ( ),             ,      .            ,       [81].       ,    ,         .

 2004 .    Deloitte Research    -     -           [19] (. 1.3)       [, ]        [, ].

          -  (  ), . .     ,                  ( ).










. 1.3.    [28]



,  90- .                25 %   ,               .   19992002 .        50 . .           100  .       .  2008 .        6,3 % ( 159  169  . ),  . .       ,       [42].  ,       , ,           .

           ,             ,  ,      ,   ,               ,       ,            ,    ,      [44].

      -                    , . .      (Joined-Up Government).       [37]        [62]   ,             :

    ;

         ;

        .

                       .               , -  .

  - :  -    (2008) [58]     ,                   [25 -   . .] , ,   ,   [26 - ,             .     2001 .          2003, 2004, 2005,         2008, 2010, 2012 .].

   ,       (Networked Economy) 

  (Networked Government)[27 - http://rus.proz.com/kudoz/english_to_russian/government_politics/2239421-networked_government.html],         :

        ;

       ;

          (    ).

      ,      .              ,   [28 - http://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/open-government-data.htm].       ,     ,        [43].

     (Open Definition),     2005 [29 - https://opendefinition.org/],   ,       ,       .

         ,      .    ,      :     , ,   .     :         ,  - .          2007         [30 - https://opengovdata.org/]:

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5.    .

6.    .

7.   .

8.  .

,         ,  [55],  ,          ,    ,     ,         ,  .

  2009      ,        [57],   2013  OMB     (White House Memorandum on Open Data Policy) [61],     .

                  ,      ,       [31 - https://www.europeandataportal.eu/en/homepage].     2016 . [59]      -   7     ,       .

                  .  2012   [24]       .          . .  [50],           .                   ,     .             ,       ,    ,      .

,  2013 .,                [32 - .        , http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/infOrientedSoc/pubaccountablegov/].

         ,        .  ,  ,             -   -          [1].      ,          .

,              ,         ,  , ,  ,    .  ,        ,        [33 - http://open.gov.ru/].

       [47]  ,             ,                .          ,         ,        .                         ,    .

             ,   ,     [34 - http://opendata.open.gov.ru/].      [5]     ,       ,   ,    .           ,    .  ,            ,  ,    ,  ,           [35 - http://regulation.gov.ru],              [36 - https://www.roi.ru/].

               ,      .            2011        [3].           [37 - http://openstandard.ru/].

 ,       -        [38 -        15  2013 . http://economy.gov.ru/minec/about/structure/dknrd/doc20130723_02],       , ,   ,   . ,        20152016 .         300     27   [35].

 ,                 ()        [39 - http://hubofdata.ru/].   2016 .     28 .      .

          ?  20112012 .  ,     Gartner [34],     (smart government) [34].     , IBM         (smarter government).      . 1.4.










. 1.4.     [34]



          -   .     (3- )        (4- )    (smart society).

 ,   IDC,       -,   ,                              [49].      ,    IDC,        ,     ,   :

     :                   ;

    :              ,  ;

                :     ,                .

   4- ()  ,  IDC,     :

 .    :

        ,  ,            ,       ;

                  ;

 ,         ,        .

 .                 :

             -[40 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/-] (Business Intelligence),   [77] (cognitive computing)  .;

       ,   ,         ,  ,        .

 .       :

?                ;

?  ,                    (,    )           ;

?            ,  ,      ;

?    ,     ,        ,    ;

?                     ,  ,        .

   ,       ,    Gartner.    ,    . 1.4       2015 .       ,      ,          .

        ,     ,        ( ).          ,         ,       ,            ( ).       ,              .

,                .

 ,   ,                .  , ,         2013             ,    [41 - http://www.gsrb.ru/ru/supplement/message-rb/poslanie2013.php].               20122016 .[42 - https://www.mos.ru/authority/documents/doc/9740220/],       Smart city [51] ( ).

    (     -)         (    ),      (  ). ,                .                           .  ,   ,                    -.

   ,     5             Gartner  IDC,             (, , , ),  - (, . , )  ,         (digital government, -).    (20142016)       (Gartner [48], Accenture [2], Deloitte [18], Boston Consulting Group),           ,       .                         ,       (, ,   .),       .              , ,     .

,          [89] (mobile government, m-government).                  (   ,      ).

        .  Gartner ,     ,     ,       ,      [48].  ,   Gartner ,      , ,    , ,    ,   [93] (IoT, Internet of things),     .              ,  ,  2.0 [39]   .          ,     -     ,          ,   .

      ,     [47],     :             .       ,    ,  , ,     ,       ,        .

                   (, , )    .     ,  ,        ,     [43 - The Data-Centric Manifesto, http://datacentricmanifesto.org/principles/].        (     )        (   ),               .

    ,     (, , ),             ,      ,      .                   (  LOD)[44 -      , http://aksw.org/Projects/LOD2.html].   ,                   .

           . , Gartner [33]        .                ,       .           ,     [40].

 ,              .          :       (    ),  ,          .

           .   ,           -.  ,   ,   ,                .      ,        5 .




1.4.    


   ()  2003 .  ,   2008 .          ( ) - 193 ,   [45 - UN E-Government Survey, http://www.unpan.org/egovkb/global_reports/08report.htm]44.    .   2016                  2016.      [21],        .            .    ,                .

        :

    (Online Service Index, OSI)       ;

    (Telecommunication Infrastructure Index, TII)     ;

    (Human Capital Index, HCI)     .

   ,             (Electronic Government Development Index, EGDI),          :

EGDI = 1/3 (OSInormalized + TIInormalized + HCInormalized),

        Z-, ,    (  )      .  OSI, TII  HCI  ,        [21].      EGDI     .

      OSI         ,    ,   ,      , ,  , ,    .     ,     .     OSI,  2016   111 ,            60    66 .                .    ,    ,                .

          ,    TII            .      ([46 - International Telecommunications Union (ITU)      , http://www.itu.int/ru/Pages/default.aspx]), ,   ,   ,    ,       .  2016   TII           :

  -            ( 100 );

       100 ;

      ( 100 )        ;

  ,       ;

  ,        ( 100 ).

HCI,    ,         -. HCI     :

   ; 2)                 ,   ; 3)    ; 4)     .

       ()[47 - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), http://www.undp.org/]     ,    ()[48 - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), http://ru.unesco.org/].      HCI   :

     =

= +1/3 ?    +

+2/9 ?    +

+2/9 ?    +

+2/9 ?   .

,     - EGDI              ( -, E-participation Index, EPI [22]).  -   ,     :

    (   )    (  , e-information sharing);

            ( , e-consultation);

              ,         (  , e-decision making).

,                   ,        .        (.  ),      .

          ,       [59].                    1.4.



 1.4.           [49 - https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/CountryInformation/id/141-Russian-Federation]










  ,    2009    .     (.  3.1),          .    -        .  31  2009 .      ()    .     : 2010  2008 .   2011       ,                .

     2016  (. . 1.5)       . 17  35        ( ). ,       EGDI (?0,75)   (21- ),   41- .    , ,   ,     1-, 6-, 9-  30- . ,                 [46].      ,   1-    ,  .



 1.5. Top 35        [59]



















 ,  ,   2016        ,   35-     .   ,               , ,  ,   .     ()      2016   :     ,      2012 , ,               [87].

,   ,           2014  2016 . (. . 1.6).      30      .    ,        EDGI  (. )     .         TII       OSI.   ,        EGDI,         HCI.



 1.6.          [50 - https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Data-Center]










-,             ,    ,         -[51 -  2018 ,     ,         ,            ( 35-  32-), https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2018].     1.6             .

               

   ,        (.  ).   ,                .

         2030 ,          [86],  17    ()  169 ,     ,   , ,   .

       ,      2016    ,          ,      .   2014 ,     ,                 .            ,      .     2016     .                   9    ,       ,         .         ,          ,               ,     .       ,   ,  ,       ,         .

     ,      ,       .         :   ,              ,    ,       .           ,   ,  ,   .          .

              ,      ,               .     -              .

  1.7     ,         -         OSI                  .



 1.7.         [59]




























  ,        2030,  :      .           (Whole-of- Government, WoG) ,           ,    ,      ,    .

  WoG                .  , WoG         [58].  WoG   ,    -  ,    ,       , ,  ,   ,       .       ( ,    )      ,             .

         ,      ,    ,    2016     :

  ,  ,   .                ,    ,     ,    .

        [52 - ,        . .]   , ,  ,  WoG   .       ,    .

,        .  , ,       . ,                 .

- (    )       .     ,          .      ,         .  , -     ,        .  ,   -,       ,     ,  .             .

    -    WoG       ,   .          .           CIO         .

       ,    (,    ),  .                     [59].




 2       





2.1.   


    ,      [20]  -   (2002 .)           (1)              [53 - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/e-gov/],        ;   (2)       ,      (3)   [54 -    .  2 .] (, FEA, Federal Enterprise Architecture[55 - Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework, Version 1, September 1999, http://bettergovernment.jp/diki?files_download&filename=fedarch1.pdf])  (4)    .

        ,     ,        ,      .        -          .

   E-Government Strategy. Implementing the President's Management Agenda for e-Government    2002 .,        2003 .           (E-Government Act of 2002).                         .

               ,    -    (, ,   .) .        -  ,      ,        .              ,    ,      ,   ,       .

            -  (. . 1.5),     .                  .         (  [56 -         .]).                .     ,      . 1.5.










. 1.5.   



              .   ,      ,    . 1.5   .

 1999 .         ,        .                     ()    .

  [88]               1999  [91],    2001  [92].

 2007 .          ϻ [25],        .       FEAF I (Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework I).                 ϻ [26].   FEAF I   . 1.6.










. 1.6.        [73]



      2007            ,   20122013     [57 - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/e-gov/fea]    ,        :

    ϻ (The Common Approach to Federal Enterprise Architecture, May 2, 2012 [56]),          1.0   2001 .;

    2 (Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework version 2, January 29, 2013 [27]),     2007 .

        [58 - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/e-gov/FEA],      :

    (Business Reference Model, May 15, 2013);

  H    :     (Business Reference Model version 3.1 Taxonomy, May 15, 2013) [7];

     (Performance Reference Model version 3, August 3, 2012).

   ()       ,       (      ,   ),          -.

    ()          ,         .

        3-    :

 .    ,    ,         .

-. ,         ,     ,    -11[59 - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/circulars_a11_current_year_a11_toc]       .

.  ,         .

  .  3.1  15  2013 .                  -   .          , -     [7].

    

         ,     .        Performance.gov[60 - https://www.performance.gov/],                .

           3.

  -      ( 2010 .)    ,          [61 - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/e-gov/strategiesandguides]:

 25        (25 Point Implementation Plan To Reform Federal Information Technology Management, 9  2010 .).      : 1)     2)    -.    ,          -.     ,        -,   .

     (Federal Cloud Computing Strategy, 8  2011 .).        -[62 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IT_portfolio_management]   ,             ,     -     .

     - (Federal Information Technology Shared Services Strategy, 2  2012 .).           -,                ,    -.

    (Digital Government Strategy, 23  2012 .).                                   .

        (National Strategy for Information Sharing and Safeguarding[63 - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/12/19/national-strategy-information-sharing-and-safeguarding],  2012 .).       ,     , ,   ,        .

              .          ,      .            .           NIEM (      3).

  ,     12   20122013 .[64 - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/egov/digital-government/digital-government.htm],                :

 - :            ,     (),  , ,          ;

    :       ,    ,      ,    ,          ;

 - :   ,      -,   ,         .      ,     ,      ;

      :     ,               .










. 1.7.       ,   ,       [65 - Digital Government Strategy, https://www.usaid.gov/digitalstrategy]



          ,     ,     . 1.7.

        .              .           ,       ,    -         ,    .                  .

       ,     .            -    .  , ,    [66 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards] .    (OASIS[67 - https://www.oasis-open.org/standards], OMG[68 - http://www.omg.org/], W3C[69 - https://www.w3.org/]  .)      -            .

             ,       ,                   .

    ,  ,                        ,        .                      ( .  17,  5).




2.2.   


  (European Union, EU)    [70 - http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/index_en.htm] ( 28     2017 .),        .    -       ,                      -     -.          ,       ()  [15].

     - .      ,          -            .        [71 -  (interoperability):               ,    . (  55062-2012.  .      . .)]    -   .       .

         2006  2010        - i2010 [31] (i2010 eGovernment Action Plan, GAP).  2010        -  20112015 . [13] (GAP 20112015).             [41] (: -),   ,              20102015 ,    5-    -   - .  ().

,   GAP 20162020 [10]     ,    ,           .

   GAP 20112015,  2015  50 %   80 %       -.        :        ,             , , ,   .  ,  GAP 20162020  , ,         :  ,  ,  ISA? (    )  CEF[72 - https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Digital+Home].    20 ,     . ,   2016 .  [73 - https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/egovernment4eu],         ,   ,       .

       1.8      -   .

 2016       ,           .    ,  -   ,         .        ,   .          ,        ,        .

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 1.8.         - [74 - CEF DSIs         (CEF  Connecting Europe Facility (  . https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/connecting-europe-facility). DSIs  Digital Service Infrastructures (  )).       .][75 - https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+building+blocks]



















           ,               ,         -,   ,       - [17].

       (Digital Agenda, DA) [11]        2020,          2020 . DA c          ,                   ()     ,    .

    ()  (      )  ,          .

  ,                  ,    ,            .     (,  XML       ) .               ,         .

          17        (. . 1.8).         -            (Interoperability Solutions for European Public Administrations Program, ISA).    IDABC (Interoperable Delivery of European eGovernment Services to public Administrations, Business and Citizens)[76 - IDABC, http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/home.html]   20052009 .   2010  2015     ISA [17],         [17]   ISA


.










. 1.8.           [12]



     ,     ,       

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    , , ,       ;

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. 1.9.   ,        [12]



     (. . 1.9)   ISA


  European Interoperability Framework [12] (EIF v.2),     ,      ,           - ,                [77 -        framework    .      55062-2012           .   ,  framework   :     (, ),   ( , ,  ,           )    ,      ;  ,          [1]. ,   EIF,       .].

  EIF,       .

 -, ,    ;    ISA                      .   ,  ,      (National Interoperability Frameworks, NIFs),   EIF     , . .   ,         EIF        .

 EIF v.2.  4        (. . 1.10):

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .










. 1.10.     [12]



        ,               ,       ,           .

        ,    ,   ,  /   .    ,   ,                 ,                  .

        ,   -  -,       -,           (  ),      .        -     ,   :

  -;

  -;

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     ,    / ,        .             ,      .    EIF,      2016 ,     [45].

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      -           ,          .          ,   W3C,   ,   - ,    .      Semantic Web (.  8),        ,             .     ISA    SEMIC[78 - https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/semantic-interoperability-community-semic],      ,   :

 Core Vocabularies ( );

 Asset Description Metadata Schema, ADMS (   );

 DCAT Application Profile for data portals, DCAT-AP (       )  .

                10,    16     -   ,     .




2.3.   


             .   :           2010, 2012  2014 .   ( )   [79 - https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/#.VtBt9X2LSJA] (. 1.11),   2016       [59].

               ,        ,        .

 1995             45  .   2015 .    1997        ,  10      (2005 .),          32  . [80 -             ,    .].         ,              ,    .

                2008     ,  2010         ,   2015           (      ).             ,         .










. 1.11.  .     (2010, 2012, 2014 .)[81 - https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Country-Information/id/138-Republic-of-Korea/dataYear/2016]



            .       , ,         ,    -                   10 .               ,     ,             [36].

        -        (National Information Society Agency, NIA).  1995 .    ,   -,       (Ministry of Information and Communication, MIC),         (Ministry of Communication).             ,     MIC    (      )     -.

  19952007 .   MIC            , ,        (Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, MOGAHA[82 - MOGAHA   (2009)        (Ministry of Public Administration and Security, MOPAS),  ( 2014)     (Ministry of Interior, MOI)   (2017)       (Ministry of Interior and Safety, MOIS, http://www.mois.go.kr/eng/a01/engMain.do).  ,          (Ministry of Knowledge Economy, MOKE).])   ,    (Commerce, Industry and Energy Ministry).       2008   MIC  .      (e-Governance)         (MOPAS,   MOGAHA),  NIA      (. . 1.12).            (Chief Information Office Council, CIOC),       25   ,    MOPAS.  CIOC        ,   ,          .










. 1.12.  -   2009  [53]



      ,                  .

 MIC        -,           .              (Informatization Promotion Committee, IPC)        (Presidents Special Committee for e-Government),        ,       ,           -.     ,                   - [34]. NIA       ,        ,         .

               ,   ,         .          ,            ,     ,     ,   .   ,            , 20           [35].

           5- [54]  .   ,      ,         ,      ( 3).                      .   IAC (Island  Archipelagos  Cotinent)     ,        ()              ()       ,               () [35].

  1.9  5  ,         ,      IAC.



 1.9.       [35]



















1-   -   (19871995)      .       ,       .              ,  ,   ,     .

         2-  (19962002),           ,      -,         , ,   ,  , ,  .   1998   -       .    2001       (Special Committee for e-Government, SCeG),        ,          11  (. . 1.13),       -      .










. 1.13.  ,  1    [35]



  3-     (20032007)      31  (  31 )          (. . 1.14),         .

   [21]            2008  (. . 1.15  . 1.9).

 ,    ,                 (20112014).                  .           .

   (. . 1.9) 4-  (20082012)      ,             .        ,         (Korean Government-wide Enterprise Architecture, KGEA).










. 1.14. 31     -  ,  2    [35]



5-   -   2013   ,   ,  2017  [54].                   .  ,                .

5-      IA     .     :

   ,       ,         ,     ,     .










. 1.15.       [2]



  4-  5-       [83 -  . http://www.soderstrom.se/wp-content/uploads/u-word-11.pdf   ,     80-      ubiquitous computing ( , http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiHome.html).             .       .     ,   .        ,     .]   ( . ubiquitous, , , ),        [30]. ,             2003  [5],   2007 .       NIA      [32].               ,       .

   ,           -,    ,             ,      ,           .    ,     ,      ,        .            ,  -   .

 2011 .        (Smart Government)   [52],    2015 .    Smart      ,    ,      :

 Secure System ( );

 Mobile Friendly (   );

 Advanced Technology ( );

 Reduced Cost ( );

 Total Service ( ).

      ,      ,          .          , , ,  .                     ,        .

     -     ,            .             ,     .                 2001 .                ,     ,    .  2004    31       (Information Technology Architecture, ITA),             -.

 ITA              , , ,  ,     .  ,        (Information Technology Architecture Management System, ITAMS),             .

 2005      ,    ITA   .  ITA      - (GIDC)       -         ,            ,     .

 20082009               (e-Government Standard Framework, e-GovFrame).  JAVA-     ,    ,        ,      ,       .

   2014   450     e-GovFrame,  4700   ,     350 000.     ,       .       ,     ,      ,         1,263  .  [34].       11    7 ,    ,     [21].

 ,       2005 .          .

     75,8 %  ,       .   2008 

     (Ministry of Public Administration and Security, MOPAS)          (National Information Society Agency, NIA)       [K]GEA  [Korean] Government-wide Enterprise Architecture)     [63],     ,     -   (. . 1.16).










. 1.16.     [84 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZbRbTdaIdI&feature=share]



                       ,         [K]GEA.    2010  [K]GEA    - [29],  ,  , ,          809 .      15000   1400     ,          (www.geap.go.kr),   GEAP (     , GEAP-) [14].

GEAP-   ,  ,    -               .  ,    -                 ,   .    :                   һ,    ,           -.             ,       -   .

    ,    ,     -  -:           ,          ,   -,         - .  -     ,    ()   ,   ,     .

        .  - -    ,       .   -   2 .   ,    ,       ,    ,  ,    .         ,        -,           .

 -            (Governmental Information Data Center, GIDC),         (National Computing and Information Agency, NCIA)[85 - National Computing and Information Agency, NCIA, http://korea.ncia.go.kr/eng/about/about_02.jsp]    2015        (National Computing and Information Service, NCIS),     [86 - National Computing and Information Service, NCIS, http://korea.ncis.go.kr/eng/about/about_01_1.jsp].  ,  2011        (G-cloud)       (e-ANSI),   2012        - (Mobile e-Government Service Support Center).

    [87 - National Computing and Information Agency, NCIA, http://korea.ncia.go.kr/eng/about/about_02.jsp]            [88 - National Computing and Information Service, NCIS, http://korea.ncis.go.kr/eng/about/about_01_1.jsp].         ,       2015    148         626  [6].

On-Nara BPS [44]       ,      .            () ,     ,  ,    .        ,         .

   - -        .     -    ,  ,  ,        . ,    ,            (G2C)   (G2B),        (G2G),         .

    UNI-PASS[89 - http://www.customs.go.kr/kcshome/site/index.do?layoutSiteId=english]           .               KIPOnet[90 -      Korean Intellectual Property Office, KIPO, http://www.kipo.go.kr/kpo/user.tdf?a=user.english.html.HtmlApp&c=90101&catmenu=ek90101]      ,     ,     ,       .

  Minwon24[91 - Minwon24 (Minwon    ), http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNGC/UNPAN043421.pdf]   3013      1208  - .         32      -.   41                   [6].

    (e-People[92 - http://www.epeople.go.kr/jsp/user/on/eng/intro01.jsp])          /  ,        ,      ,      ,      .  2011   ,          [93 - Anti-Corruption & Civil Rights Commission (ACRC), http://www.acrc.go.kr/eng/index.do],      [94 - http://www.epeople.go.kr/jsp/user/on/cu/UOnBbsRead.jsp?brd_id_v=news&tbrd_seq_n=171787]        .

           1 %   [21].  10 %               .

      ,                      ,     [6].   NIA[95 - Best Practices in E-Government of Korea, http://www.mois.go.kr/cmm/fms/FileDown.do?atchFileId=FILE_000693724yk6kQK&fileSn=0],  45        ,                .

 ,            ,     .   Accenture [2], -      ,       -      -.           ,            .

        ,   .      (  -),              - (., ,  [8]  -    ).




 3   





3.1.       -


              , ,  ,                  . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . .    ,               ,  , ,    ,     [80].

, , ,     ,    (,    ),        60-           . . .               ,                () [80].

     [69]  ,        ,       , ,    ,    . .       -  ()     ,    .          (    ,  ,     )     .         ()        (),  . .           (   ),                    ,        (      ).

. .  ,          :  ,          - ,     (    ).

           . -,                  ,      .           ,              -  [69].

      -  :

            ,     ,  (1)       ( . .      ); (2)  ,      -      ; (3)     ,   .           ,    (   ,     . .).

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          -         (    )     ,    ,  ,    .                 ,       [69].

  1963    . .             (    ).       70-    24-   ,       ,                     .

  -     1990-    -  ,        .

    2000-        .     (  )   (20022010 )    :          ,            ,     , , ,    ,         [26].

       :

1.         .

2.            ,               .

3.             .

4.                   .

5.         .

6.         .

7.           .

8.      .

9.      .

  ,            ,              .      2006      ()    :

                    .    ,          - .          ,      .         ,     .                      ,   ,    ,          .           ,     ,   .         ,     ,    ,     .               ,           .       ,            .

  ,               ,           ,       -  <>

                                     [26].

         :

1.              ,  . .:

1.1.            ;

1.2.    - ,     ,    ;

1.3.      ,      ;

1.4.               ;

1.5.       ,            ;

1.6.                  ,       ,       ;

1.7.                .

2.                ,  . .:

2.1.            ;

2.2.               (    );

2.3.          ;

2.4.      ;

2.5.           ;

2.6.           .

3.                ,  . .:

3.1.            ,          ,     , , ;

3.2.       ,       .

4.        ,  . .:

4.1.        -             ;

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5.   -      ,  . .:

5.1.   -             ;

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6.    ,  . .:

6.1.         ;

6.2.         ;

6.3.       ,         .

    ,            ,          , ,    ,  . .     .              .       20072009    ,       () [23],      () [31].

 ,       (.  2.3)        2009                   -. ,      ,           2010  2014 .               .            ,              .       ,      ,          ()  .

 ,     ,    ,   2008 ,             ,       .         ,     ,             ,            , ,  ,       [26].

            ,            .           6  :

1.    .

2.              .

3.      .

4.      ,            .

5.             -          .

6.        .

  2-  3-             ,   ,    ,             (),         ,             ,     .

                             .          ( ) [11],     -               [9].          20092010       ()    ().   -   2011              [10].




3.2.     


             ()     ().   2015       ()         339     (  ).

    2009   2015 .  [96 - http://rkn.gov.ru/it/register/]         10  2009 . 723 [14],        .   ,           ()          (, , - ,   .).

28  2015         14  2015 . 1235        [15],          10  2009 . 723            [14].

         ,         .  . 4  1235 [15]             .       ,        2.

    ,         .   [97 -  ,    ,    : http://gos.hse.ru/upload/iblock/a34/a34ef718731ae54b5010d4e9baf84293.pdf],       2013 ., ,   79   728  . ,  ,               .

         .      ,          . -,  ,        .   ,          26 000   [98 - http://korea.ncia.go.kr/ncia_MJS/board/dev/board/board.jsp?id=engbo_105].

                   ()   (20112020 ),        [16].     ,     [99 - http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/activity/govservices/]:

1.         ,   ( )    .

2.          .

3.      .

4.              ( ).

5.        ( ).

6.      ( ).

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8.       ().

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10.      .

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12.      -         ( ).

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14.           ( ).

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17.       ( ).

18.    

19.  ( ).

        (,   ,  ),   ,   ,     ,    [100 - http://www.cikrf.ru/gas/].      (!)  ,        .         ,                ,  ,       .

,             [101 - https://sudrf.ru/].      ,                   (),              ,             [102 - https://techportal.sudrf.ru/?id=234].

 ,       (20112020 )      [19], [16]:

a)  ()                        .   [45]                .  ,          ,   - [103 -          15  16                  ,    21  2016 ,    23  2016        .        ,    ,    ,       ,    , http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/53633];

b)  ()                   ,      .            ,               ,       ;

c)                      ,          ().

          20152020           [36]                       (), ,        ,        ,     :

   -           ,   ,    ,  ,    ;

            ;

            ,  ,       ;

         ,     ,    -      ;

  -        -       ,    ,  ,     .

  2016             () RusGIS[104 - http://www.rostelecom.ru/press/news/d435971].        .     ,   ,    ,       ,   ;         ,  , ,     [83].

        ,   3      - 20152016 .    -    TAdviser     ,  ,   ,   ,   , ,   , , , , ,  , - , ,   .

       - ,    . ,     [105 - http://www.nalog.ru/fl/]       (),          , ,  ,     ,     . .

      . ,   [106 - https://./check/fines]    ,   [107 - http://www.rosreestr.ru/]            . .        [108 - http://www.gosuslugi.ru],          ,      . .  .




3.3.   


  90-              [109 - ,   -   Servico de Atendimento Ao Cliente, SAC.] (       ),         ,    .       , ,      .  -       ,    ,   -   ,    ,       ,   ,      .      ,           ,        .

          () -:    () ,     .      ,         .        ,       .

 ,                ,      .           (, ,   .),            . ,                   ,  .               ,               ,  -  ,    ,    .

,   (  )    -   ()    ,     ,             .  ,                - .          -    ,     , . .        ,    ,   ,  ,    .

            2008          [44].            [26] (      ),     2011      62   .         07  2012   601        [48]  ,   ,               ,         ,  2015      90 %.

                ,             ,       (   )        1 . .

 2012                 ,  2012      11 .   ,  1  2016       2684   10130     ,         (     20142015 ).          94 %[110 - http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/admreform/mfc],      2015   7,1 % [111 -          - .  5.2.  ,           ,     (- 2015 ), http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/it/fed_nabl-croc/index.html].

      , ,    ,                   ,   ,     27  2010 . 210-       .         ,     () ,  ,     ,          [20], [25]    [32].

    2016   22          ,   17        [112 - http://economy.gov.ru/minec/about/structure/dknrd/2016160702].  2015      [17]      ,    . , ,           ,         ,      .    2016       221  11.04.2016,            ,            .

   ,                       ,      ,        [113 - http://eregion.ru/].      2012 .            .     2013 .          ( 1996    ),    42 000      .                        , ,    ,     .                          [114 - http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/events/35615/].

               . 26  2016                                       .




3.4.  - 


  1.3  3.13.3  ,                 :

1)    ,  ,     ,     ;

2)     ;

3) ,    ,    ;

4)   [115 - http://./opengov/],         -,        ,     (., ,     [116 - http://www.economy.gov.ru/wps/wcm/connect/economylib4/designElements/opendata/]).

      [13],  -      ,                 ( ),   :

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      ();

      ();

  ;

    ;

    ;

    ;

   .

) -    :

  ;

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)       :

   ;

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   .

) -   .

    ,         2009     [46], [41], [43], [42]  [39]  컠           ,             [117 - http://www.rostelecom.ru/about/info/].    31  2015             48,71 %    [70].

        -,    . ,        ,    ,         [118 - https://cloud.rt.ru/].          ,          300  .                       ,  / .

     2009                 ,  ,  [119 - http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=319828].   ,   2009 .           (),             ()  ,      ,     .

        ()     ,         ,    ,       (),          .

  2016       12,5 . .    100    , 1,4 . , 9,5 . , 152     , 390   (), 76  , 924  [120 - http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/events/35450/].

    CNews   2014 .[121 - http://www.cnews.ru/news/top/index.shtml?2014/09/30/587377] (. . 1.17).  ,      ,      .










. 1.17.  -     2014 .

(  http://www.cnews.ru/news/top/index.shtml?2014/09/30/587377  http://filearchive.cnews.ru/img/forum/2014/09/25/karta_it_sistem_e_gov.jpg)



                 Oracle[122 -    , http://www.cnews.ru/top/2014/08/21/glavnaya_itsistema_rossii_migriruet_s_oracle_na_svobodnoe_po_583565].       ,           ,   ,   -    .     (, ).         (, ,   .),    . .

        / ,   ,  ,   ,     ,    ,   ,      [123 - http://smev.gosuslugi.ru/portal/api/files/get/151146]. -   ,          Web-,        .     (    ) Web-,               .    - ,     [124 - http://smev.gosuslugi.ru/portal/faq.jsp#!/5].

           .       ,     . ,            ,   (  )     ,    .        ,   .           .        ,     [125 - http://www.cnews.ru/news/top/rossijskie_regiony_opolchilis_na_edinyj].  2013          [85].

    1  2015         [22].  ,       2009 .  ,   2015 .               . 20  2016   ,  14            ()  2016 [126 - http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/events/34535/].

,   ,        ,  .  ,  ,   . .   .      , ,      .       ,  ,     ,   .      . ,          .

 1  2015           [18]             .           1  2017 .

      3.0 [6], [84].               ,     (),     ,     ,   ,       .    /  (   )          (. . 1.18).

    3.0    , , ,  , , , ,   .

  ,   ,            2.0,          Apache ActiveMQ  PostgreSQL.   ,         3.0   2017  [7],       4.0[127 - http://www.cnews.ru/articles/2016-11-14_zamministra_svyazi_i_massovyh_kommunikatsij_aleksej_kozyrev_o].










. 1.18.         [6]




3.5.     


         ,   ,           (, ,  )        .            . ,           ,     ,    .               ,       .       -,       !

,  12-   , 13  2015 .,                     [128 - http://www.vz.ru/news/2015/2/16/729789.html].       .       ,       ,   ,   ,  -       .      -  .        ,  .    :   ,      ,        .

  ,     ,  ,    ,  .     (     )   ,   -       .                     ,   ,         [64].

                  [129 - http://government.ru/department/280/events/],      [130 - http://government.ru/department/149/events/],   (            )    (-  -).     (?) ,              ,      -       ,    . ,        ,       .

    20022006 .      [131 - .         , http://aisup.economy.gov.ru/pubportal/.        ,       (20022010 )    (20112020 ).]                    20022010 .. ,     ,                      ,         .       [79],          -        .

      ,  ,       -.               (   1.10),          20022010 .   10 %    .          (     )[132 - http://fcp.economy.gov.ru/cgi-bin/cis/fcp.cgi/Fcp/ViewFcp/View/2013/369/]    ,       5 %.



 1.10.      (20022010)     ,  [133 -  , http://fcp.economy.gov.ru/cgi-bin/cis/fcp.cgi/Fcp/ViewFcp/View/2010/134/]










      -            .      ( )    .  -         ,       ,    .          -    .

          ,            ,         (.  1.4)  .     ,                       [4] ()   ,             ,       ,          [65, 67].

 ,               .      ,    - (     2),   1015         ,  ,   ,     .

       -     . ,   2015 ,  6        ,     [38]        :

              ,                -     <>      ,   .       ,      ,        .      2021 , . .  12             -,         2010  2014 .

     ,             (.  1.3),       ,          .           1.11.



 1.11.      [75]










   1-                 (The Crossroads Bank for Social Security, CBSS)[134 - https://www.bcss.fgov.be/en],    25 .              ,   3000     ()    (, , ),     ,     ,             .  CBSS                         10    220  .

 2-  3-             .     ,        . ,  2684   10130     ,   1  2016     ,   2016       390 [135 - http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/events/35450/],    ,  ,              .             [136 - http://gov.cnews.ru/articles/2016-11-18_kakoe_budushchee_zhdet_mfts].

  1-,   4-        .    4-       NAV[137 - https://www.nav.no/en/Home] (),           (National Insurance Organization),    (National Employment Service)     (Social Welfare System).   2006  NAV                   ,   .  ,  ,     ,               .    NAV     ,     , ,   ,         , ,             1   2 .

    4- , . .           , , ,     ,     .       ,     1  2015 . [52],          -      ,          .    28           .

         -  .    2014     5 %      2700   .   1015                  [71].     ,   ,   ,        .            ,         ,    . .        ,           .

        -,    ,    -       .          ,     [8],     ,       (  )     ,  , .








1.     : (1)      ; (2)    ; (3)    (4)    .      , ,         ,      .          ,       .

2.     ,  -                    :  ,  ,     .

3.          .        ( ),    ,   ,    ,    ,    -       ,    .          .

4.                     .  ,       , ,  ,               .             .        -   ,    ( )    .

5.              .

6.       ,     ,     .       ,     ,          .      ,         .

7.       ,  ,           .           ,   ,  ,          .     ,     ,        .




 



1.   550622012  .      . .

2.      04.03.2002  1341  .   .   .  115.0052002.

3.          , https://gosmonitor.ru/sites/default/files/pages/65/1136.doc

4.               .

5.            ,        , http://open.gov.ru/upload/iblock/7b8/7b8db735e85b68a1ca3f7e87bdd538b6.pdf

6.               . . 3.0.9.4. 2014 ., http://forum.minsvyaz.ru/ assets/files/MR_SMEV_ver.0.9.4.pdf

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g)         , ,     ,      , . .   .

,         [149 -        11.02. 2015   ..   100-  INCOSE RUS, https://incose-rus.weebly.com/systems_engineering_essentials.html.      .], , ,      .          ,     ,        ,    ()   .  ,     , .  ,       ,        .     -    ,    (  )     . <>   ,                           .    ,  ,     ,      ,        .               () [55].

          ()      [64]      .   ,           ,   (  ) ,         [71].

         .      60-  [57, 66],   80-     ,   .  1984        -,              [72].              ,          .          ,    .

 ,                          ,     (System of Systems, SoS).      SoS    .     SoS       ,        ,  ,     SoS       .

  SoS c 1970-x  [1]      2000- ,           [19].   20082009 .  ,  [33],     SoS,         .   SoS,      ,    SEBoK[150 - http://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_of_Systems_(SoS)_(glossary)]:

SoS       ,     ,            .

    ,  1998 ,   [37]   SoS:

1)      SoS   ,   SoS,       ;

2)      ,  SoS,        ,      SoS;

3)    ,    SoS,            ;

4) [151 -        -   ,      ,    ,     ;        ;    , http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/]           . SoS        ,    -      ;

5)       SoS ,  , ,           .

               . ,      ,   SoS         .   [19]    ,       SoS    ,     .         SoS,  , ,    .  SoS      :           .             SoS.

  ,   ,        ,    ,      SoS    (),           ()  .   (  ),        (   ),      . ,        (  ),  web-   ,      .

 ,           ,       ()         571932016 [15].           ,      :   SoS   , . .     SoS,        .  SoS         ,     ,      .      ,  , ,        SoS,    ,  .               SoS.

   ,   [19]       SoS:

            SoS    .  SoS     ,    ,        SoS    .

         .   , ,  ,      , ,     SoS.

     . SoS  ,  ,             .       ,             SoS,             ,     .

         SoS:

1. . SoS    ,            .

2. .    ,   SoS            [61].

  ,  SoS     ,           -      .      ,   SoS,   .

 2008            SoS [46],   (      [37, 10])      :

     SoS        . ,    ,  , ,  ,  ,   SoS          ;

       SoS              .  ,     ,     .    ,    (  ,   ) ,          ;

     SoS   ,     .      -   , , ,      .              SoS;

      SoS,        .             ,    ,       .      ,         [152 - ,     57193-2016   SoS   , ,   .].

     SoS         . ,       SoS        SoS     SoS      .      SoS     ,      .

   SoS  .    ,       ,   SoS.        ,     ,      .         -  .

           ,     ,      . ,         .  ,      SoS   : ,            ,      ,       .         . ,   SoS       ,      .

    SoS    .   20    SoS    ,       SoS       :

     ,   ,    ,  ,      ;

    ,     /;

      , -     ;

      ,   ,     ;

        ,     ,    ;

         ;

      ;

     ,   [153 - http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Systems_of_Systems_(SoS)] [22].

   ( /)            (. . 2.1).



 2.1.           . : SEBoK v1.8 [22, Systems of Systems (SoS)]










  SoS,    ,      ,   .         (capabilities),    (functions) .         (),     ,   .   , ,        .    ,        .    :      (       ,      ).

      SoS,       SoS           [19],   .              SoS[154 - ISO/IEC/IEEE 21840:201x(X) ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7/WG 7 N2306 Systems and software engineering  Guidelines for the utilization of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 in the context of System of Systems Engineering, 20180207],          SoS,        [38, 20].  2018    13-      SoS[155 - System of Systems Engineering 2018, June 19th to 22th, http://sosengineering.org/2018/].

  ,         571932016 [15]    ( G) ,    SoS            .

 ,      571932016 [15],      SoS,           ,   SoS.  ,     ,    ,       SoS.     SoS  ,   ,        .     SoS         .    SoS             .

     -   SoS,  ,      ,          .        ,     ; ,    ;   ,    ;      ;          .     SoS           SoS  , , ,           SoS. . . SoS      : (1) -       ,   SoS; (2)    SoS (   SoS    SoS)      ,    SoS.     SoS            SoS.           , ,      SoS.

  (  )      SoS,      .   SoS    , ,       (  )   SoS.  -                .   , ,     ,     SoS   ,       SoS.            ,       SoS    SoS.

 ,         ,      SoS       (     SoS)   ,   SoS.    ,          ,       . ,   SoS,     ,        ,     SoS    .            SoS   ,    .

  ( . .    ,  , , , , , ,   )    SoS    ,      SoS       ,   SoS  .           SoS,    ,              SoS  .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/elena-donatovna-yasi/cifrovaya-transformaciya-gosudarstvennogo-upravleniya/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


   , , ,   .    ,   ,     .




2


https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/E-government/Definition




3


      https://www.un.org/development/desa/ru/

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs http://www.un.org/desa




4


 ,         . The Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK), http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Sociotechnical_System_(glossary)




5


http://www.ecdl.org/




6


http://ecdl.org/about-ecdl/e-citizen




7


          .




8


http://www.smart-society-project.eu/




9


https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en




10


         - (. ).




11


https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/skills-jobs




12


https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/society




13


  , http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/dc-institute.html, http://www.digitalcitizenshipinstitute.com/




14


http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/nine-elements.html




15


. . .: . . . . 2010, http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/politology/177/




16


  , http://juridical.slovaronline.com




17


Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG), http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=4




18


Tadviser.       , http://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/:______()




19


  http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/




20


http://rkn.gov.ru/




21


http://www.rossvyaz.ru




22


http://www.fapmc.ru/




23


      ()     +22 (.  2000 .  2004 .),      1     , ,  1992 . 1994 .




24


http://ar.gov.ru/ru/o_reforme/index.html




25


  . .




26


,             .     2001 .          2003, 2004, 2005,         2008, 2010, 2012 .




27


http://rus.proz.com/kudoz/english_to_russian/government_politics/2239421-networked_government.html




28


http://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/open-government-data.htm




29


https://opendefinition.org/




30


https://opengovdata.org/




31


https://www.europeandataportal.eu/en/homepage




32


.        , http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/infOrientedSoc/pubaccountablegov/




33


http://open.gov.ru/




34


http://opendata.open.gov.ru/




35


http://regulation.gov.ru




36


https://www.roi.ru/




37


http://openstandard.ru/




38


       15  2013 . http://economy.gov.ru/minec/about/structure/dknrd/doc20130723_02




39


http://hubofdata.ru/




40


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/-




41


http://www.gsrb.ru/ru/supplement/message-rb/poslanie2013.php




42


https://www.mos.ru/authority/documents/doc/9740220/




43


The Data-Centric Manifesto, http://datacentricmanifesto.org/principles/




44


     , http://aksw.org/Projects/LOD2.html




45


UN E-Government Survey, http://www.unpan.org/egovkb/global_reports/08report.htm




46


International Telecommunications Union (ITU)      , http://www.itu.int/ru/Pages/default.aspx




47


United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), http://www.undp.org/




48


United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), http://ru.unesco.org/




49


https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/CountryInformation/id/141-Russian-Federation




50


https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Data-Center




51


 2018 ,     ,         ,            ( 35-  32-), https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2018




52


,        . .




53


https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/e-gov/




54


   .  2 .




55


Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework, Version 1, September 1999, http://bettergovernment.jp/diki?files_download&filename=fedarch1.pdf




56


        .




57


https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/e-gov/fea




58


https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/e-gov/FEA




59


https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/circulars_a11_current_year_a11_toc




60


https://www.performance.gov/




61


https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/e-gov/strategiesandguides




62


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IT_portfolio_management




63


https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/12/19/national-strategy-information-sharing-and-safeguarding




64


https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/egov/digital-government/digital-government.htm




65


Digital Government Strategy, https://www.usaid.gov/digitalstrategy




66


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards




67


https://www.oasis-open.org/standards




68


http://www.omg.org/




69


https://www.w3.org/




70


http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/index_en.htm




71


 (interoperability):               ,    . (  55062-2012.  .      . .)




72


https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Digital+Home




73


https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/egovernment4eu




74


CEF DSIs         (CEF  Connecting Europe Facility (  . https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/connecting-europe-facility). DSIs  Digital Service Infrastructures (  )).       .




75


https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+building+blocks




76


IDABC, http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/home.html




77


       framework    .      55062-2012           .   ,  framework   :     (, ),   ( , ,  ,           )    ,      ;  ,          [1]. ,   EIF,       .




78


https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/semantic-interoperability-community-semic




79


https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/#.VtBt9X2LSJA




80


            ,    .




81


https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Country-Information/id/138-Republic-of-Korea/dataYear/2016




82


MOGAHA   (2009)        (Ministry of Public Administration and Security, MOPAS),  ( 2014)     (Ministry of Interior, MOI)   (2017)       (Ministry of Interior and Safety, MOIS, http://www.mois.go.kr/eng/a01/engMain.do).  ,          (Ministry of Knowledge Economy, MOKE).




83


 . http://www.soderstrom.se/wp-content/uploads/u-word-11.pdf

   ,     80-      ubiquitous computing ( , http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiHome.html).             .       .     ,   .        ,     .




84


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZbRbTdaIdI&feature=share




85


National Computing and Information Agency, NCIA, http://korea.ncia.go.kr/eng/about/about_02.jsp




86


National Computing and Information Service, NCIS, http://korea.ncis.go.kr/eng/about/about_01_1.jsp




87


National Computing and Information Agency, NCIA, http://korea.ncia.go.kr/eng/about/about_02.jsp




88


National Computing and Information Service, NCIS, http://korea.ncis.go.kr/eng/about/about_01_1.jsp




89


http://www.customs.go.kr/kcshome/site/index.do?layoutSiteId=english




90


     Korean Intellectual Property Office, KIPO, http://www.kipo.go.kr/kpo/user.tdf?a=user.english.html.HtmlApp&c=90101&catmenu=ek90101




91


Minwon24 (Minwon    ), http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNGC/UNPAN043421.pdf




92


http://www.epeople.go.kr/jsp/user/on/eng/intro01.jsp




93


Anti-Corruption & Civil Rights Commission (ACRC), http://www.acrc.go.kr/eng/index.do




94


http://www.epeople.go.kr/jsp/user/on/cu/UOnBbsRead.jsp?brd_id_v=news&tbrd_seq_n=171787




95


Best Practices in E-Government of Korea, http://www.mois.go.kr/cmm/fms/FileDown.do?atchFileId=FILE_000693724yk6kQK&fileSn=0




96


http://rkn.gov.ru/it/register/




97


 ,    ,    : http://gos.hse.ru/upload/iblock/a34/a34ef718731ae54b5010d4e9baf84293.pdf




98


http://korea.ncia.go.kr/ncia_MJS/board/dev/board/board.jsp?id=engbo_105




99


http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/activity/govservices/




100


http://www.cikrf.ru/gas/




101


https://sudrf.ru/




102


https://techportal.sudrf.ru/?id=234




103


         15  16                  ,    21  2016 ,    23  2016        .        ,    ,    ,       ,    , http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/53633




104


http://www.rostelecom.ru/press/news/d435971




105


http://www.nalog.ru/fl/




106


https://./check/fines




107


http://www.rosreestr.ru/




108


http://www.gosuslugi.ru




109


,   -   Servico de Atendimento Ao Cliente, SAC.




110


http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/admreform/mfc




111


         - .  5.2.  ,           ,     (- 2015 ), http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/it/fed_nabl-croc/index.html




112


http://economy.gov.ru/minec/about/structure/dknrd/2016160702




113


http://eregion.ru/




114


http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/events/35615/




115


http://./opengov/




116


http://www.economy.gov.ru/wps/wcm/connect/economylib4/designElements/opendata/




117


http://www.rostelecom.ru/about/info/




118


https://cloud.rt.ru/




119


http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=319828




120


http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/events/35450/




121


http://www.cnews.ru/news/top/index.shtml?2014/09/30/587377




122


   , http://www.cnews.ru/top/2014/08/21/glavnaya_itsistema_rossii_migriruet_s_oracle_na_svobodnoe_po_583565




123


http://smev.gosuslugi.ru/portal/api/files/get/151146




124


http://smev.gosuslugi.ru/portal/faq.jsp#!/5




125


http://www.cnews.ru/news/top/rossijskie_regiony_opolchilis_na_edinyj




126


http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/events/34535/




127


http://www.cnews.ru/articles/2016-11-14_zamministra_svyazi_i_massovyh_kommunikatsij_aleksej_kozyrev_o




128


http://www.vz.ru/news/2015/2/16/729789.html




129


http://government.ru/department/280/events/




130


http://government.ru/department/149/events/




131


.         , http://aisup.economy.gov.ru/pubportal/.        ,       (20022010 )    (20112020 ).




132


http://fcp.economy.gov.ru/cgi-bin/cis/fcp.cgi/Fcp/ViewFcp/View/2013/369/




133


 , http://fcp.economy.gov.ru/cgi-bin/cis/fcp.cgi/Fcp/ViewFcp/View/2010/134/




134


https://www.bcss.fgov.be/en




135


http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/events/35450/




136


http://gov.cnews.ru/articles/2016-11-18_kakoe_budushchee_zhdet_mfts




137


https://www.nav.no/en/Home




138


https://www.incose.org/incose-impact




139


http://sehs.mipt.ru/school/about




140


https://incose-rus.weebly.com




141


http://www.incose.org/




142


http://www.sercuarc.org/




143


http://www.ieee.org/index.html




144


    ,           .        ,  ,      , . J. Venn M. A., On the diagrammatic and mechanical representation of propositions and reasonings, https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bhusnur4/cit592_fall2014/venn%20diagrams.pdf




145


http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Systems_Engineering_(glossary)




146


        ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 [32] .




147


 .   [ ] //   , 20102016 ( : 30.10.2016), http://gtmarket.ru/concepts/7110.  :   . .,  . .,  . .      :   .




148


      57193-2016.  ,  NASA, SAE, EIA        .




149


       11.02. 2015   ..   100-  INCOSE RUS, https://incose-rus.weebly.com/systems_engineering_essentials.html.      .




150


http://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_of_Systems_(SoS)_(glossary)




151


       -   ,      ,    ,     ;        ;    , http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/




152


,     57193-2016   SoS   , ,   .




153


http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Systems_of_Systems_(SoS)




154


ISO/IEC/IEEE 21840:201x(X) ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7/WG 7 N2306 Systems and software engineering  Guidelines for the utilization of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 in the context of System of Systems Engineering, 20180207




155


System of Systems Engineering 2018, June 19th to 22th, http://sosengineering.org/2018/


