       
  

. . 


   -  -  ,   ,    ,           .    -      -   .  ,       - .         ,            .    ,      ,     ,    , -    .         ,  10-02-00375.





.., ..

       





:   ,  ..

  ,  ..



 .., .., 2009







  -             - .                 -        ,        ,           ,      ,      -  - ,          .  -, -                       .

          ,    ,      ,      ,    ,   , -, -   .     ,  - ,      ,      Ҡ ,          .

              ,    ,    ,          ,      ,      ,  -             .              .   ,     ()        - ,     .

              -  -      ,     -    -       -  .          ,      ,      ,         .

                   ,    ,           .




 I

  -  





1.1.       


          ,  ,   .   ., ., .., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ..        ., ., .   .

  .      ,  ,            ,     -,         ,       .     ,    ,    .          [1 -  .  . ., 1982. . 73.].   .        ,        :     ,   .

      :     ,           ;    ,           ,  ,    ,      ;   , ,         ,      ,      ;         ,    ,         ;      ,     (, ,    )  , ,   .

     ,    .    ,     ,     ,    ,          ,  ,      .   .,           ,   .      .         .      ,    ,       .

.    ,       ,   [2 - SchumpeterJ.Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. NY., 1942. P. 81.].        ,       .   ,     .     ,       .       .    .   .     (     ),     .       ,                .

      : ,   .              . ,        ,  .        ,           .

      . ,           .      ,     .          .        .       .             ,    ,      .      .

,                    ,      .      ,  ,      ,        ,        .

..      ( )       - .      XXI    ,      ,    - .

           .           ,     , -  .

       ,    ,        ,  . ,    ,        ,           (     ),      .     : ,   -.  ,    (,   )    (       )[3 -   / . .: .., ..;   -    . . : , 2004. . 15, 17.].

    :  ;       ;  ;      ;      .

      ,   ,      .       .   ,    ,     .         ,         ,    .

     . ,         ,           ,      .   ,        , , ,     ,      ,   [4 - DruckerP.F.Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. N.Y. etc.: Harper and Row, 1985.].

    ,  ., ., .    ,           ,     ,      .  ,       .       ,         .  ,     ,     ,           .

            , . ,        .    ,  ,         ,       , ,   .           ,         [5 - .. :     . .:   , 2005. .5153.].

              .      ,   ,            ,    ,    ,       .      ,  ,      .          [6 -  . .213214.].

           .        ,     ,  ,    /   .   ,   ,    ,   ,         .       ,    .         .      ,    ,         .

   ,             .      ,      ..           (   ).             .   ,   ,    .

         .        ,   ,     ,   ,      .. ,              ,     .         ,     .  ,    .

       ,         .          ,  ,     ,    ,  ,    ,                .          ,   .

      .  .,          .                   .      .       ,  ,  ,  ,   (  ,  ,  ),      .               [7 - Allred.., Steensma.The influence of industry and home country characteristics on firms pursuit of innovation // Management international rev. Wiesbaden, 2005. Vol. 45, N4.-P. 385.].

   ,  ,    : -,    ,        , , -,      .             ,            .      ,       ,      .      .             .

    ,    .    ,     , ,        ,     .  ,  .  .,      ,                       .                   . ,  ,           ,        .

    ,           .   ,  ,    ,     ,             .   ,                 ,        ,      .          ,           [8 - Allred.., Steensma.The influence of industry and home country characteristics on firms pursuit of innovation // Management international rev. Wiesbaden, 2005. Vol. 45, N4.-P. 405.].

    ,          .      ,  ,  ,    .            . ,       ,    ,            ,    . ,     ,      ,    ,    .

        ,       .               .        ,       .       ,       ,  ,     ..,          .

             ..   ,                ,   ,   .     ,                 ,         .

. ,      ,   [9 - BaumolW.J.Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive and destructive // J. of political economy. Chicago, 1990  Vol. 98, N 5. P. 893921.].          ,    .               ,   ,     ,    ,            .  ,        .   ., ,  ,    ,            .

.         ,        ,             ,     ,     ,       [10 - BaumolW.J. The free-market innovation machine: Analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism. Princeton: Princeton univ. press, 2002.].            ,   ,     ,   .,        [11 - EliassonG., HenreksonM.WilliamJ.Baumol: An entrepreneurial economist on the economics of entrepreneurship // Small business economics. Dordrecht etc., 2004.-Vol. 23, N l.-P. 5.].

     .                 ,    XVIII.         2030%   XIX.   200%.    XX.        700%[12 - BaumolW.J.Entrepreneurial enterprises, large established firms and other compo nents of the free-market growth machine // Small business economics. Dordrecht etc., 2004. Vol. 23, N 1. P. 16.].          .          ,     ,        .

        ,  ,            .         ,                 .                ,        -     .

      ,     ,        .       ,        ,        .       ,    .  - ,        .     :          ,   ,     ,    ,    ,      .

                  -,     ,              .     ,           ,     ,       ,             .

          -,   ,         .     ,     ,    [13 - BaumolW.J.Entrepreneurial enterprises, large established firms and other compo nents of the freemarket growth machine // Small business economics. Dordrecht etc., 2004. Vol. 23, N 1. P. 18.].

    ,        ,      ,      .         .           .        ,    .  ,        , ,  ,  ,  ,  , , ,   .

                 ,   ,          .      .  ,  ,    ,     .       ,               ,      .

     : ()  , ()   ()  .               ,         .          -.         ,      ,           .

            . -  :  ;   ;  [14 - ,  .  : . .  / .., .., ..;  . ..; . . - .,   , . .  . . .: , 1999. 88 .].      ,         ,   , ,    .   ,           ,     ,       , ,    .

 ,    ,    .   ,  ,  : ,  ; -  (); -  ();   ;   ;  ;  , ;  ;   ;  ; -  ();  ;  ;    ()  ..

    ,           ,        ,       .

    ., ., ., .   :         ,        ,              [15 - EncaouaD., ForayI., HatchuelA., MairesseJ.Les enjeux economiques de l'innovation: Bilan du programme CNRS // Rev. d'economie polit. P., 2004. A. 114. N 2. P.133168.].       : =    ;       ;    ;     .

      .     ,   ,   .    , ..      ,     .           ,             ,   .

,   ,    :  ,     ,  ,     ..,        .       ,        ,  ,   ,           .             .              ,    ,     . ,  ,       ,      () .

         ,    .        ,        ,         , ..    ,     .

     (, )   ,     ,             ,            ,      .             .  ,          .

         ,        ,          ,  ,  .  ,     ,         ,       ;   ,     ,         ,      .

           ,   .    ,   ,          .       ,       .          ,  ,       ,       .

                 ,      .     ,    ,        .          ,       .  ,  ,     ,                 .

             ,      .

      ,     ,      ( ,     ),         (    )   10  80%.   ,      ( )      1%  ,    0,05-0,3.    ,     ,   -   .                 ,         . ,    ,          ,    : 24%  8% .        ,     ,             .            ,      .

          .              .      ( )       ( ).         ,   ,   ,   .   ,             .     , , ,    ,    ,  ,  ,         ,    .     :    ,   , ,   ,    ,    ,  . ,   ,   [16 -  . .141143.].

       ,    .         1990- .       -    ,         , , , ,  .

 ,              -   .   20    2   : 19821985. 19922000.     .     1986.   1991.  19701980- . -       ,    -                  .    1980- .,          ,       .         ,   ,          ,             .   ,      ,   ,     ,    ,       ,   .                  19861991.       .                 .    .    ,     -    19921994.,      ,      ,       .     ,      [17 - .    :       / . . . 2004. . 107.].

          -,         ,     .         20012002.     ,      .

 ,      -     -       1990- .            1990- .   -    1990- .

             .      :      ,      1970-1980- ;     .

              .             ,    -   ,      ,       ,       . -,   ,  ,      .         1992  2000.   ,        .   20012002.    ,      NASDAQ,    .  ,            ,            .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/s-a-dyatlov/regulirovanie-ekonomiki-v-usloviyah-perehoda-k-innovacionnomu-razvitiu/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 .  . ., 1982. . 73.




2


SchumpeterJ.Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. NY., 1942. P. 81.




3


  / . .: .., ..;   -    . . : , 2004. . 15, 17.




4


DruckerP.F.Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. N.Y. etc.: Harper and Row, 1985.




5


.. :     . .:   , 2005. .5153.




6


 . .213214.




7


Allred.., Steensma.The influence of industry and home country characteristics on firms pursuit of innovation // Management international rev. Wiesbaden, 2005. Vol. 45, N4.-P. 385.




8


Allred.., Steensma.The influence of industry and home country characteristics on firms pursuit of innovation // Management international rev. Wiesbaden, 2005. Vol. 45, N4.-P. 405.




9


BaumolW.J.Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive and destructive // J. of political economy. Chicago, 1990  Vol. 98, N 5. P. 893921.




10


BaumolW.J. The free-market innovation machine: Analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism. Princeton: Princeton univ. press, 2002.




11


EliassonG., HenreksonM.WilliamJ.Baumol: An entrepreneurial economist on the economics of entrepreneurship // Small business economics. Dordrecht etc., 2004.-Vol. 23, N l.-P. 5.




12


BaumolW.J.Entrepreneurial enterprises, large established firms and other compo nents of the free-market growth machine // Small business economics. Dordrecht etc., 2004. Vol. 23, N 1. P. 16.




13


BaumolW.J.Entrepreneurial enterprises, large established firms and other compo nents of the freemarket growth machine // Small business economics. Dordrecht etc., 2004. Vol. 23, N 1. P. 18.




14


,  .  : . .  / .., .., ..;  . ..; . . - .,   , . .  . . .: , 1999. 88 .




15


EncaouaD., ForayI., HatchuelA., MairesseJ.Les enjeux economiques de l'innovation: Bilan du programme CNRS // Rev. d'economie polit. P., 2004. A. 114. N 2. P.133168.




16


 . .141143.




17


.    :       / . . . 2004. . 107.


