    .  II.  
  


,          ,    .        ,      ,     ,         ,  ,     ,     ,  ,         ,    .             ,    ,   ,              .       , , .

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    .  II.  








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      . ,  ,    ,        (Pi??apurika Devi),        (yak?a),     (kara?a),    (murti)     (ma??apa),   (Kasyapasilpa)        (mok?a). ,       ,     ,            , ,  ,   ,     ,    .

     ,    ,  , ,  (tak?aka).  -             ,     -   .                   .        ,     .        .

         ,   ,      .       ,        -     ,              ,    .

      IAST      (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration). IAST   ,   1894       ,          .



  






  :     (a  a; i  i; u  u),  (o, e, au, ai)    (?  ?, ?  ?).



       ,    : a  a; i  i; u  u; e  e; o  o; ai; au.       ;       .



   















    ,      ,        ,  ,  .  V         .           :     (Pratihara),     (Pala),     (Ra??raku?a),        (Pa??ya, Pallava).    ( )              .

            ,          ,     . ,   I             ,          .        ,        ,            .      ().

,      , ,    ,               .      ,          ()    .     ,      ,         .

          ,         .    ,      ,            .                .          ,         .

                 .          ,         ,     .   ,   ,     ,          , , ,              ,       .               ,  ,     .    , ,      ,      .                   .         .     .  ,     .

 ,    ,       , ,   .          .          ,        .

       ,       ,  ,  .           ,      ,    ,      (, -, ,   .),    ,         .    ,          .         ,              ,    ,         .

   ,      ,           ,     ,      ,           ,       ?      .      ,   ,       ,   ,     ,        .

       ,    ,    .              ,       , , .       ,        ,       .                ,      .  ,          .

          ,         - . ,     ,   .        ,           .  .          ,      ,          ,         ,     ,        .  ,    ,               .

          ,         .       ,      ,      ,        ,  ,     ,   ,          .

 ,     ,     ,      .             ,    ,      I       ,         .    .    ,     ,      .    ,      ,         ,   ,       , ,         ,    .

  ,    ,     .             ,     .  ,     ,          .            ,       ,             .

 1981?[1 - 1981    .]     .  (Appadurai A.) Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule. A South Indian Case,          .   .      ,   ,  ,        .               .

    ,   ,   .  (Ghose R.).    The Lord of Arur. The Tyagaraja Cult in Tamilna?u. A Study in Conflict and Accommodation (1996)     ,   ,    .    .             :  -   ,       ,       ,             .?.     ,         .

    .  (Adrian Greville Smythies) The Architecture and Iconography of the Hindu Temple in Eads, Tennessee,     2006           (, ).        ,    ,         .     .       ,        (IXXIII.),    ,     ,               .

  ,    ,     ,    .   .    .       (Srinivas Tulasi) Divine Enterprise: Hindu Priests and Ritual. Change in Neighbourhood Hindu Temples in Bangalore (2006),    ,     ()      .      ,     ,      ,          .     ,     23-           .

 .  (Saraswathi G.) The Study of Socio-Economic Conditions of the Temple Priests of Southern Mysore (2000)    ,    .?.  (Hebbar B.?N.) The Sri-K???a Temple at U?upi. The Historical and Spiritual Center of the Madhvite Sect of Hinduism (2005).      .      ,    .?.   ,     ,   ,      .   .?.        ,      (),      ,        .

         ,             ,         . -,   , , ,     ,           XX .        Revolt,      1920-   ,        .   .?.? (V. Geetha, S.?V. Rajadurai)   Revolt  A Radical Weekly in Colonial Madras.

, -,   .?.  (Rangarajan C.?S.) Government Rules Hindu Temples. State Control of Religious Denominations  Problems and Perspectives,   2015        .       .  ,         -.                        ,    ,         .  ,    ,   ,        ,         (Act 30 of 1987).     ,                .

  (Talbot Cynthia)    Temples, Donors, and Gifts: Patterns of Patron age in Thirteenth-Century South India (1991)  , , ,  ,           .     -,   -       ,     1175  1325 .  .     ,            ,     .    ,   XIII ,  ,     :         ( ),  .      (, , ,     ).          .   ,       ,           ,          .          ,  .    ,  , ,   ,    .

   (K.?R. Subrahmanya Aiyar) The Role of the Brahman in Andhradesa in the Eastern Chalukyan Period,    1936 ,    ,     ,     615  1061 .         ,                .  , ,       ,       ,  ,          .       (1936 )           ,       ,        .            ,           .

       ,    ,       ,    .    ,       ,  ,    .        .  (Pfeffer G.) Puris Vedic Brahmins: Continuity and Change in their Traditional Institutions (1986),      ,       ,   ,         -   ,      [2 -  ,   ,   ,      .].

    ,  ,  ,       ,    ,   .        .  (Fuller C.),    ,      (1993, 2003, 2014).           ,       ,     ,     .       -  ,    ,   .

           ,      ,     ,         .  ,    ,    ,    .  (Leslie Orr) Donors, Devotees, and Daughters of God. Temple Women in Medieval Tamilnadu (2000)      Women of Medieval South India in Hindu Temple Ritual: Text and Practice (1993).    .     ,           .

,          ,       .?.  (Raman K.?V.) The Role of Temple in the Socio-Economic Life of the People.           ,    ,        .        .?.?.  (Aiyer, V.?G. Ramakrishna) The Economy of a South Indian Temple (1946),                 .

        ,      ,      ,         ,             ,     .             ,        .?.  (1964, 2003, 2011).     ,    ,      ,           .           ,          ,    ,  .

 .?.          , , ,  ,    .  (Sundaram J.)     Land System in Tamilnadu (C.?A.?D. 8001200) (2009)       . ,  ,  ,     (, )   .   .    ,    ,                .     ,      .

           ,  ,      .         .?. , .?. , .?. , . . , .?. .  ,         ,     .   .  Castes and Tribes of Southern India,           , ,   .?.       XX ,        .

    ,   ,      (    ).  ,     (Younger Paul) Playing Host to Deity. Festival Religion in the South Indian Tradition (2002),      ,      .      ,       .        ,                  .         .

              .       (1969)     ,   .        ,       .          . - (Kersenboom-Story, Saskia C.),            Nityasumangali. Devadasi Tradition in South India (1987).

          .?.  (Diehl, Carl Gustav) Instrument and Purpose. Studies on Rites and Rituals in South India,         1956 .  ,    .?.  (Mines, Diane P.) Waiting for Vellalkantan. Narrative, Movement, and Making Place in a Tamil Village (2008), .?.  (Ramesh M.?S.) The Festivals and Rituals at Tirumala Temple (2000), .?.  (Ramanujan S.?R.) The Lord of Vengadam. A Historical Perspective (2014), .?.  (Murugavel N.?R.) Temple-Festivals of South India, .  (Clark-Dec?s, Isabelle) From Wasteland to Bus Stand. The Relocation of Demons in Tamilnadu (2008), .  (Arunachalam M.) Festivals of Tamil Nadu (1980),      .  (B?hnemann G.) Puja: A Study in Smarta Ritual (1988)  Ma??alas and Yantras in the Hindu Tradition (2003).

           .  ,   ,        .?.,          ,        .    . .           ,        .  ,  ,     ,    .?.     :      (2007),          , ,    .

           . .         ,   2005        :      .     .         ,  .           ,       1993 , .           ,  ,      .

    -  .  (Frits Staal) Agni: The Vedic Ritual of the Fire Altar (1983)   -,        ,     1975   .        ,    ,       .

          ,   ,       ,    ,      ,   ,     ,    ,   ,   ,  ,  .             ,    ,    .         ,    ,          .     ,  , , , ,           .             ,    .

    ,  ,    ,               ,     ,   .          ,     ,     ,           .            ,   ,               .          : ,  ,  ,     .?.           ,   .      . ,      ,      ,      ,       ,             ,        .                   ,     .      ,                   .  ,            ,       ,     ,    .   ,       ,     .              ,         ,         .              .        ,  ,   ,    .                  ,         . , ,      ,            ,         .

            .  , ,        ,   ,   ,  ,    .?.,     ,         .        ,      XX    ,  ,     ,    .  ,        ,          .          .   ,         ,  ,     .  ,      ,     .

        ,    . ,       ,     ,       , ,       .     ,        ,     ,       ,      ,   ,      

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 1

 








  


   ,   .                ,     ,  ,    ,      .        ,       .            ,         .            .      ,     .

      , , , , , .   ,   ,     (utupatti)?[3 -  , ,  ,     .]   -     .      .                      .       ,    ,    ,      .






  



            ,       ,         .        ,       .      . ,    , ,             .   ,         ,    ,   ,      ,          [4 -      :   ,   .].

     ,   ,      ,     .      ,          .  ,       45?000 ,          [5 -   (. lak?)   .]    (Ramesh, 2000: 228).            (darsana).   ,     , ,       ,   .       ,     ,        ,     .

 ,        :     (bubhuk?a)      (mumuk?a).     (bhoga),   ,         (mok?a) .       ,            ,     ,     .     ,     ,    .      -     ,     ,            ,     ,   ,     (Prentiss, 1999: 121122).

     ,              ,       .  ,    ,     ,     ,           ,   .  ,                   .           ,            ,    .

, ,     ,       ,            .         ,    . ,     ,              .       .               ,     .






   



 , -             . ,     ,          .    ,    ,   ,      .  ,      .   ,     .       ,    .

      ,     ,    ,       ,  ,     .        .                     ,   .           . ,    ,   ,   ,          ,     ,     .          .

     .  ,   ,       ,         ,   . ,   ,     -,          (lu?ki, kaili),    (pa?iya?)   ,       (Waldock, 1995: 197).    .      .      . ,   ,  ,        .          -     [6 -                   ( ,   ,  ).   ,      ,        ,            -       .].

 ,        .   XX      ,   ,   . ,   ,         ,  :           .  -          ,     ,      .     ,        ,     .      , , ,       (, 1969: 306).

  ,      ,    ,  ,    ,           .  ,      ,   ,  ,     .  , ,      (Golden Temple Vellore)[7 -  -   ,   ()   ,     (  -)  . ,      1,5   ,      .            (          ).             .: https://travel2karnataka.com/sripuram_golden_mahalaxmi_temple_thirumalaikodi.htm],          ,            .      ,    ,     ,     - .         -,     , -,     .               , ,   .         ,   ,       .    ,      -,      ,   [8 - : https://sites.google.com/view/vellore-temple/vellore-golden-temple-history].

     .        ,   .             .       .        ,            , ,       [9 -           ,    ,     .     .].

,  ,        ,    .    , ,  ,             .         ,  ,     ,        .  ,     ,          .  ,       .     ,          ,       ,   (ma?i).

             ,    ,    ,      ,    .   ,         ,   ,   ,          .

          .    -           ,       ,                .          .   ,       , ,    (Hardy, 2009: 46).       ,   XIXII .     ,   ,       .

      , ,    ,   ,   .   ,       ,   ,    .  ,      -   ,       ,    .      ,        (a?jali),    -[10 -      O? nama? sivaya,    Om namo naraya?aya,      Om sarava?a bhavaya nama?.           ,    ().]. ,   ,   ,    ,    ,     .              ,      ,          ,    .

     .      .   ,    ,  :      ,    ,     ,                .        .






    



      ,    ,     .       ,         , ,   .      ,       .             .     ,     .            ,    ,  ,      .   ,      .       .

, ,   ,    ,    .   ,            ,    ,        ,     .       ,     ,             .

       ,    .     , , ,    .            .    ,                  ,        .            .                   .

          .  ,    .      ,   ,   .  .    . ,               .  ,   ,   , ,     ,         .

     ໠    ,     ,   .            ,    . ,   ,    .   ,      , ,           .       ,   ,     ,       ,   .

       , ,   ,          [11 -          ,    .   ,  ,   ,   ,    .].    XIX        ,   .      :

		   ,
		   ,
		  ,
		  ;
		   ,
		    ,
		, ,    ,
		    

(, 1962: 105).



   



    ,                .  :      .      ,     ,         .

   ,      .     ,          .

       ,       - ,         ,     ,  108    108  ,           ,      -  .       -     .             ,      , ,  ,    - .

-        ,     . -     ,    . -        . -    , ,    ,     . -          . -     ,  . -        . -         ,     ,        .         ,   .   ,          ,          ,        -.         ,    ,           .




:   


     ,    ,      [12 -   bhakti     bhaj  ,  ( -), , .].          ,          .  ,             . .?.            ,                :     ,       (Farquhar, 1913: 327328).      .  ,     ,       ,      .        ,     ,          ,      ,       ,    .

        ,  ,     ,       .        (         ).        ,     ,       .        ,        ,        .      ,     , ,   ,     ,     .

  ,   ,          (, ).       ,           ,    .     ,  ,      ,  .        ,     .

     ,   ,        .  , .   ,        ,      .  ,       ,                .  ,   ,   ,    [13 -  ,   . ,       .],  ,   ,         .      ,     .               ,     ()     .          ,    ,      ( )        .      ,          .     ,     .    ,   . ,        (Phillips, 1903: 113115).

  XIII              .             ,  ?[14 -        .         :   .    .     (Ghose, 1996: 351).],  ,       ,       .?. ,           [15 -   90-          .  ,  19972002   .?.    ,  2008        ,        -    .].  XX          [16 -    .?. ,       ,   .?. ,    .              ,    ,    ,   :   ,    ,   ,    .].       ,   1925      (Self-Respect Movement),   1944   ,     (Dravidar Kazhagam).  (18791973)         ,          ,     .                   .          .

     ,      .       ,   ,     .   Revolt   Exploiting Religion,    .  ,  10  1929 ?[17 -      -    (George Town Non Brahmin Social Club).] ,         ,        .          ,          ,   ,     .      ,            ,    ,   ,   .         ,       (Revolt, 2010: 127).   :   ,  ,  ,       [18 -  (ca??ala)    .],         ,      ,   ?    ,      -,      ,         ,         ?..  ,   ,       (Revolt, 2010: 128)[19 -  ,   .  ,     ,         .     ,    ,     ,       .].

   Revolt      .  (Bahuleyan)  30  1929 ,                (   ).       ,  ,   ,              -.      ,      .   ,          -.        ,    .   ,     ,     ,  ,           . ,   ,  ,      ,       .            .       ,            ,   ,         .

  , .      .   ,   -     ,   . .    ,        :    ,    ,    , ,     (Revolt, 2010: 98).  ,       ,  ,  -,    .     -?       ?     ,   ,     .    ,   ,    ,  ,   .?.?       -.        ,            (Revolt, 2010: 99).

  , .      ,      ,    ,   ,    .   ,         .           ,   .        ,      ,   .              .    ,       (Revolt, 2010: 100).

            :             [20 -    : ,   ,   .    ,    ,   .?.          ,    .  ( )    .       ,   .                ,      ,    .         ,       ,    .,   ,      ,        .      ,     .            (Revolt, 2010: 120121).].         ,  Revolt    ,   .   ,      (Erode Devasthanam Committee),         ,   ,         . ,         .           ,              .   ,    ,     .                  .           ,       ,   (Revolt, 2010: 321).

  ,     ,   ,     ,      ,     ,     ,         .         295, 297  169 IPC       (Revolt, 2010: 321).    ,          ,   .          60 ,          2 .     ,           (Revolt, 2010: 322).                    [21 -        ,   .]  (Erode Devasthanam Committee)          .        ,           (Revolt, 2010: 368).

               ,              ,   ,      .  ,    Revolt     .



 1810       1817                   ,    .         (Boards of Revenue).       .      ,    ,    ,        .   1863            .     1863      (Act XX)    ,      ,     .                      .

 ,      ,        .   ,         .     1863   ,    ,           .    ,   -      ,        -     .        -   ,      1863 ?  . ,    -     ,      -  ,    ,   ,  .           ,      . ,  ,          -     ,    ,          .   :          ,  .  ,    ,  ,     .     ,      ,        .    -, -,                ,             (Revolt, 2010: 342347).


              .           .  ,        (19321947)  1936      Temple Entry Proclamation,            .     . . ,    1937          (Singh, 1985: 106). 14  1946        ,  -,    (Pillai, 1948: 60).    1968             (Ghose, 1996: 276277).

         ,        .           ,            ,                [22 -   . ,              ,   ,                 : ,      ,   ,       (Parker, 2008: 158).].











 2

 








 


     ,      ,    ,       .       ,   -  ,       .       .

     ,    ,               (, 1969: 308).       (puja),                ,        (murti).  ,        (garbhag?ha),     .

    . -,     .     (atmartha-puja)     ,   ,    (parartha-puja),    ,    .       -,                 .






     



       .     ,     ,        ,     (suprabhata),   (pu?yaha),  ,    ,   ,    (vadya)       (arati),     (bali-dana)    (homa),  .. (Rao, 1994: 207208).

-,     .     - (nitya-puja), - (nityarcana)  - (nityakarman),     - (naimittika-puja).  ,    ,   ,            .        .           (sa?dhi)[23 -   sa?dhi   , ,     ,         .       ,          . ,           ,    (   ).  ,          .]:  (kala)   (caya?kalam),     (ucci)    (arttayamam).            (upacantikalam, pirato?akalam) (Diehl, 1956: 98).            (nityotsava).

 ,     -      - (kamya-puja),        . ,           (. gu?a)[24 -  gu?a,   , , ,  ,   ,       ,   .]. -   ,    ,     (sattvika); -   ,    ,    (rajasa);  -   ,     (tamasa),      .

         ,        ,    .  ,            .            -     ,        ,     (phalam)  , .  , .?. ,    , ,  ,   ,       ;         ;       ;    ,        ;         ;       (Ramesh, 2000: 201).

   ,     ,    .    (  )     ,        .    ,            (,  , ).      -        (      , ,   .),        ,  (santi, santikam),        ,     [25 -    ,      ,        .       ,      ,      ,       ,    .         ()   ,          (Kersenboom-Story, 1987: 187).       ,               / (santikam).].

            ,            -  [26 - ,               .   ,  ,   -     .            ,          .,        -          -   ,   .    ,       ,   ,             .  , ,   ,            (Kulke  3, 1986: 346).].




 


         4.00  5.00  ,  ,   ,  .  ,     12.00  17.00 ,       11.00  17.00 (Diehl, 1956: 98, 149).          .         :

4.00:  (tirupa??iye?ucci)       ;

6.00  7.00:  (vi?apuja)   ;

7.00  8.00:  (kalaicanti)      ;

9.00:  (ci?ukalaicanti)   ;

11.0012.00:  (uccikalam)      ;

16.0017.00:  (cayara?cai)  ,     ,     ;

20.0021.00:  (arttacamam)  ,  (1/2 yama)[27 -  (yama)   ,    : 24 ,  ,     , ,   1/4   .],    .

    廠   (pa??iya?ai cevai),              (Kersenboom-Story, 1987: 107).    ,        ,    ,      .  ,     -  .      .            , ,    ,  (Mi?a?ci),     - (Cuntarecuvarar).

,       - :



    ;

      ;

    ,   ;

 ;

 ;

 ;

 ;

 ;

 ;

          (, 1969: 299).



  ,        ,    ,          .            .            .  .?.?,    [28 -     .?. : Waldock, Deborah Louise. Text, Interpretation and Ritual Usage of Tamil Saiva Poems. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctorate of Philosophy. McMaster University. Canada. May, 1995. P. 192.]:








          ,       ,   , ,       .  ,      ,      .?. ,    (  15 )    ( 4.30     maalai pooja).    ,         [29 - : https://www.maduraimeenakshi.org/pooja-schedules.html].

   ,        .     ,  ,     .   6.307.30   ,    ,   4.30.         ,     .    -    ,    ,   . -   ,              .         ,   ,            .     ,    ,       , ,     ,   -.    :    ,   ,   .     -   ,          ,     .

8.00  8.30       ,     ,        .

9.00  9.30          .       (abhi?eka), ,    , ,   , .  ,  ,  , , ,    ,    ,    (pa?cam?ta)   ,   .        .  ,      ,   ,  ,     .     (cara?am?ta)      .        .






-    



   ,     ,                 ,    ,        ,     .     -   (pucutal),                  .       ,   ,   ,        ,     , , ,   ,    ,     .          .         ,        .






,     



       (. vibhuti, . tiruni?u)[30 - ,       vibhuti   tiruni?u,      .        ,         .   ,          ,    (Ramaswami, 1985: 200).     ,       -,     .],   ,   ,   ,     .      .            .             ,    .     ()    ,    VIIX .

               ,      .         .      .         ,     , , ,  ,     .     ,           .

,  ,  ,  : , ,     ,   ,    ,   .      ,     : Agnim ile purohitam     -,      .      ,     ,    .

 11  12    ,     ,   12.00   ,     ,          ,   .          ,     .

 12.30  16.00  .       ,  ,      .    ,       .    .






      - (   )



,  18.00  19.00      ,     -,    .     .         .         ,   .        ,      ,     .         .

 20.00   20.30   (lokapala) ,   .       .

 21.30  22.00   ,           .          [31 -    ,               ,      .             ,    (    ),    .]     .      .     , , , , ,    .                 .

    -      [32 -      ,           .],          IX    .     ,   .    ,      ,        .  ,  ,       ,      (, 1969: 304).

,   ,          .         ,       .        .   .    .

      -      .   ,          . ,          ,      (Waldock, 1995: 190).   ,    ,    ,   ,   .

     -, ,  ,           .  ,    ,       .  ,          ,        ,   .     ,        ,         .       ,          .

     ,         .      ,    :  ,  ,       ,  , ,  ,    .          ,       ,     .     ,     .




 


      - ,   -    .            . ,   ,   ,       -,       ,          ,    .   ,    [33 -      ,   . ,       ,       .].        , ,       .        ,     . ,   -          (, 1969: 299).  ,        ,     .   ,    ,    ,    ,        (Rao, 1994: 206).

        (, , )     ,       .            .  ,      ,     ,  ,  ,     .?.  ,       (ala?kara)   (bhu?a?a),      :              .






    ()



     ,             (vaikhanasa)   (pa?caratra).     ,           .       ,    ,        .           .   ,       ,     ,        :   , ,  , ,     (Ramesh, 2000: 199200).      .  . . ,               ( !)    ,             .   .  ,   -       ,     .         .   -        ,    ,            ,         (Ramesh, 2000: 227228).

         ,      (sa?skara)    ,      [34 -            .   . .       :     ,          ()    ,    (     ,      ).  .:  .?.    (). .: . , 1982, . 317.].      ,     .  ,       -,   -,    .          .   . ,    ,       -,             (Aiyer, 1946: 51).

          .      ,           :   2500 ,      ,      .

        -,       (XIXII.),    -,     ,      .       .        ,       :      ,   ,        .

  ,         .    .?. ,      ,      (Prentiss, 1999: 117).      ,     ,           -.







       (upacara)?[35 -         ,   ,         , ,   ,      ,     .].   ,           ,  ,   .   (  )  ,    .          ,           .   ,     .      ,        ().        . :



  (avahana),

  (asana),

     (svagata),

   ,     (arghya),

     (acamana),

  ,   ,    (madhuparka),

   (snana-jala),

    (bhu?a?a-abharanasya),

    (gandha),

  ,    (aka?atas),

  (pu?pa),

  (dhupa),

   (dipa),

 ,          (naivedya),     (Raman, 1985: 445).



      ,           (ucchi??a). ,        (Davis, 2000: 152, 156).








  ,      dipa,      (arati)          ,     .          ,          .      .    , ,       ,     .    ,    ,        (vasana).     ,  ,    ,        ,     .    ,    ,      .       ,      ,   .

             ,   ,    ,         .    , ,   .      .  ,   ,    ,   ,    ,    .

        ,            ,     .  ,  .      ,     .    ,     :       ,    ,    (5. 65).      :    ,  ,      .      . ,    ,     ,  .          (5. 6061).    (   ) ,    ,  ,   ,   ,   - ,             .    -    ,    ,    ,    ,       ,     .      ,          (5. 6163).         ,     . ,   ,    ,    ,       ,    . ,  , ,   ..,        .      (dravyasuddhi).    ,       (arghya)[36 -        ,    .] (Davis, 2000: 144145).

 ,                   .    , ,        ,    .         ,     .

     ,          :

1    : 280  , 500 , 50 , 216 ;

2  -: 208  , 200 , 34 , 50 ;

3  -: 56  , 108 , 24 ,  10  34 ;

4    : 28  , 70 ,   (   ,        );

5  -: 14  , 24  (  ,    );

6  -: 8 , 12 ;

7    : 6 , 8 ;

8  -: 4 , 4 ;

9   : 2 ,   ( ,  ).

          .    ,         (Davis, 2000: 148).

      ,       . , ,  . . ,    ,       ,     . . .      ,       .     ,  ,     ,    ,   .         .    ,    ,    .      ,      (Farquhar, 1913: 313).

. .              ,      Narada-pa?caratra:

1     (padya);

2       (acamaniya);

3       (arghya);

4      (madhuparka);

5   ,     (punaracamaniya);

6    (snaniya);

7      (vastra);

8      (uttariya);

9     (yaj?opavita);

10    (bhu?a?a);

11     (jala);

12     (gandha);

13    (pu?pa);

14     (dhupa);

15       (dipa);

16    (naivedya) (Farquhar, 1913: 313314).

     . .    ,            .  . ,        ,   .       (  ),            .       ,         .          ,          ,  ,     (Phillips, 1903: 117118).

         XIX  .?. .



      .     ,       .        .       ,    ,     .       ,     ,           ,        .   ,      ( : devadasar),     .            . ,    ,         (Baierlein, 1875: 93).


 ,      .   ,    ,             -    ,   .  ,         ,     .         (tiruppa??iye?ucci)  ,           .           , ,          .        .

. -,       XIXXX ,               .     ,   ,           .            (stotra)      (Kersenboom, 1992: 138142).             .    ,             ,      ,        .              .                 ,           .

,  . -,       :

1.   (ma?galam, sobhana),     (pu?pa?jali),        .         ,      ,    (svamijayama?galam),    ,    .



2.    (vinayakapu?pa?jali).

3.        (devasenapu?pa?jali).

4.        (va??iyammapu?pa?jali).

5.       (ci??otsavamurtima?galam).

6.       (peddotsavamurtima?galam)[37 - ,     XVIIIXIX   ,    -   (Bor, 2007: 50).].



       (ardhayama)      (nityotsava).              ,           (praharilu),   ,    ,   .

       ,     .       ,          ,   .         ,            .

 ,           (ma?galam)      (ama?galam, d???i),      (bhakti)       (seva).    ,  ,      ,             .

          (suprabhatam),      (Rao, 1994: 208),        ,   - .             .          .   ,          (sayanotsava),     .       ,     ,        .






      



 ,   -             . ,    1921  (  ),       ,  -, -, -, --, -, -  -.       -  --       .       : - (      ), - (     ), - (      ),  (    ) (Singh, 1985: 107108).




 


      ,   -     .        ,        .   ,  ,     ,  -,        ,     ,     ,    .    -      ,   ,       . ,       ,                 .               ,     .       ,    ,      .    ,       ,      (Younger, 2002: 6364).  ,    ,         [38 -       .   ,  ,  ,       ,     .   ()       ,      ,      ,          (Younger, 2002: 63).].

           ,     .  ,        Lalita Sahasranama  Trishakti (Singh, 1985: 110).           . ,          ,     ,          .  ,       ,          ,        (Saraswathi, 2000: 18).        ,         .    (agrodaka)   ,          .                     .    ,        ,        .            .            (Rao, 1994: 208209).       .

  ,   ,     ,       . ,   ()           ,            11.30   17.30.         -  .        8.30       - (. phalabhi?eka, . palapi?ekam)     [39 -     .  ,   -  2500 ,   ,  , 1500 .   . , -    .      5000 ,         2500 .               750 .          ,      .   1500 .          6500 ,        (). : https://tripnetra.com/blog/brihadeeswarar-temple].

        ,   ,     .        ,    .    - (snapana-bera) (Rao, 1994: 209).            ,           [40 - ,   ,    ,   ,      .].        .    -. ,       .    ,       ,      .  ,           ,      .

     - ,        ,      .      .






-     



  ,      ,    ,         .      ,   ,      ,      (,  ),  ( ),    ( )      ( ) (Elgood, 2000: 190).  ,         ,                       .   ,    ,        ,    .       ,           ,          , ,    (        ),  -      ,  .?.

       ,    ,            ,     . ,   ,        ,   ,   ,       .   ,    ,    (Rao, 1994: 205).

     ,     ,          ,      .              .       ,   ,    16.00          .         .            ,          .   ,  6:00   11:00 ,   (pakal),      (iravu),      ,  5:00    8:45 .    ,   . ,        ,          (Cutler, 1987: 189).

 ,                .    .       Nalayiram[41 -    Nalayirat tivviyap pirapantam,   nalayiram       . ,     ,          IXX .       .     ,    Nalayiram.].      ,         . ,    1/27 . ,     ,  (araiyar)     Periya?vartirumo?i,      ,  .  ,       .     (ala?karam)  -,    (go??hi),  Ka??inu?ci?uttampu , Tiruppavai         Nalayiram.            .   Nityanucanta?am.       ,        .      ,          ,              (Cutler, 1987: 189).

        .         .        6.00 ,     13.00,        17.00,     21.00.         -    ,  .         ,             Tirumu?ai.      .  - (kurukka?)   ,   ,    ,   (tiravi?aveta).    ,  - (pa?ca-pura?a),    .     Tevaram,    Tiruvacakam,    Tiruvicaippa,    Tiruppalla??u     Periya? pura?a?m




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=67211871)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


1981    .




2


 ,   ,   ,      .




3


 , ,  ,     .




4


     :   ,   .




5


  (. lak?)   .




6


                  ( ,   ,  ).   ,      ,        ,            -       .




7


 -   ,   ()   ,     (  -)  . ,      1,5   ,      .            (          ).             .

: https://travel2karnataka.com/sripuram_golden_mahalaxmi_temple_thirumalaikodi.htm




8


: https://sites.google.com/view/vellore-temple/vellore-golden-temple-history




9


          ,    ,     .     .




10


     O? nama? sivaya,    Om namo naraya?aya,      Om sarava?a bhavaya nama?.           ,    ().




11


         ,    .   ,  ,   ,   ,    .




12


  bhakti     bhaj  ,  ( -), , .




13


 ,   . ,       .




14


       .         :   .    .     (Ghose, 1996: 351).




15


  90-          .  ,  19972002   .?.    ,  2008        ,        -    .




16


   .?. ,       ,   .?. ,    .              ,    ,    ,   :   ,    ,   ,    .




17


     -    (George Town Non Brahmin Social Club).




18


 (ca??ala)    .




19


 ,   .  ,     ,         .     ,    ,     ,       .




20


   :

 ,   ,   .

    ,    ,   .?.

          ,    .

  ( )    .

       ,   .                ,      ,    .

         ,       ,    .

,   ,      ,        .      ,     .

            (Revolt, 2010: 120121).




21


       ,   .




22


  . ,              ,   ,                 : ,      ,   ,       (Parker, 2008: 158).




23


  sa?dhi   , ,     ,         .       ,          . ,           ,    (   ).  ,          .




24


 gu?a,   , , ,  ,   ,       ,   .




25


   ,      ,        .       ,      ,      ,       ,    .         ()   ,          (Kersenboom-Story, 1987: 187).       ,               / (santikam).




26


,               .   ,  ,   -     .            ,          .

,        -          -   ,   .    ,       ,   ,             .  , ,   ,            (Kulke  3, 1986: 346).




27


 (yama)   ,    : 24 ,  ,     , ,   1/4   .




28


    .?. : Waldock, Deborah Louise. Text, Interpretation and Ritual Usage of Tamil Saiva Poems. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctorate of Philosophy. McMaster University. Canada. May, 1995. P. 192.




29


: https://www.maduraimeenakshi.org/pooja-schedules.html




30


,       vibhuti   tiruni?u,      .        ,         .   ,          ,    (Ramaswami, 1985: 200).     ,       -,     .




31


   ,               ,      .             ,    (    ),    .




32


     ,           .




33


     ,   . ,       ,       .




34


           .   . .       :     ,          ()    ,    (     ,      ).  .:  .?.    (). .: . , 1982, . 317.




35


        ,   ,         , ,   ,      ,     .




36


       ,    .




37


,     XVIIIXIX   ,    -   (Bor, 2007: 50).




38


      .   ,  ,  ,       ,     .   ()       ,      ,      ,          (Younger, 2002: 63).




39


    .  ,   -  2500 ,   ,  , 1500 .   . , -    .      5000 ,         2500 .               750 .          ,      .   1500 .          6500 ,        (). : https://tripnetra.com/blog/brihadeeswarar-temple




40


,   ,    ,   ,      .




41


   Nalayirat tivviyap pirapantam,   nalayiram       . ,     ,          IXX .       .     ,    Nalayiram.


