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Anja R?yne

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notes








1


          (International Chronostratigraphic Chart),     , v 2017/02, https://stratigraphy.org/chart. ( : https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart201702Russian.pdf.)




2


          : G.Rieke, M.Rieke, The Start of Everything, Era of Nuclei,     NatSci102  : ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/eraplanck.htm, ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/eranuclei.htm.




3


  : J.Johnson, Origin of the Elements in the Solar System, Sloan Digital Sky Surveys blog, January 9, 2017, blog.sdss.org/2017/01/09/origin-of-the-elements-in-the-solar-system.




4


   : R. B.Larson and V.Bromm, The First Stars in the Universe, Scientific American 285, no. 6 (2001): 6471.




5


  : B. S.Meyer et al., Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution of Oxygen, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 68, no. 1 (2008): 3135.




6


  ,    : P.Banerjee et al., Evidence from StableIsotopes and 10Be for Solar System Formation Triggered by Low-Mass Supernova, Nature Communications 7 (2016): 13639.




7


         . .       : nasa.gov/ames/kepler/habitable-zones-of-different-stars.




8


   : R. Boyle, What Made the Moon? New Ideas Try to Rescue a Troubled Theory. Quanta Magazine, August 2, 2017, quantamagazine.org/what-made-the-moon-new-ideas-try-to-rescue-a-troubled-theory-20170802.




9


     ,  ,      ,     (  , . late veneer hypothesis): Robb (2005).




10


B.Dorminey, Earth Oceans Were Homegrown, Science, 29  2010., sciencemag.org/news/2010/11/earth-oceans-were-homegrown.




11


   ?     : B. Stern, When Did Plate Tectonics Begin on Earth?, Speaking of Geoscience: The Geological Society of Americas Guest Blog, 15  2016., speakingofgeoscience.org/2016/03/15/when-did-plate-tectonics-begin-on-earth.




12


              ,        ,   (      ). . . .




13


     ,      . . . .




14


              (  ). .    Late Heavy Bombardment,  19  2018., en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment.




15


  ,     4   ( ),   3,2  ,   . S. Zielinski, Earths Magnetic Field Is at Least Four Billion Years Old, Smithsonian, 30  2015., smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/earthsmagnetic-field-least-four-billion-years-old-180956114.




16


  : R. Brazil, Hydrothermal Vents and the Origin of Life, Chemistry World, 16  2017., chemistryworld.com/feature/hydrothermal-vents-and-the-origins-oflife/3007088.article.




17


 : Rasmussen (2008).    ,    ,     .




18


   : D. Trail et al., The Oxidation State of Hadean Magmas and Implications for Early Earths Atmosphere, Nature 480 (2008): 7983.




19


 : Young (2013).




20


        : Pomarenko (2015).




21


Rasmussen (2008).




22


  : S. Zhu et al., Decimetre-Scale Multicellular Eukaryotes from the 1.56-Billion-Year-Old Gaoyuzhuang Formation in North China, Nature Communications 7 (2016): 11500.




23


 : Young (2013).




24


     ,  : Pomarenko (2015).




25


- : P. M. Sheehan, The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 29 (2001): 331364.




26


     : A. E. Murphy et al., Eutrophication by Decoupling of the Marine Biogeochemical Cycles of C, N and P: A Mechanism for the Late Devonian Mass Extinction, Geology 28 (2000): 427430.




27


   8:56  : Z.-Q. Chen and M. J. Benton, The Timing and Pattern of Biotic Recovery Following the End-Permian Mass Extinction, Nature Geoscience 5 (2012): 375383.




28


    9:30      9:34 (- ): Benton and Harper (2009).




29


 11:25 (  )   : R. A. Rhode, 65 Million Years of Climate Change, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:65_Myr_Climate_Change.png.




30


   11:43 (   ): B. Jacobs et al., The Origin of Grass-Dominated Ecosystems, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86 (1999): 590643.




31


       11:45;     ,   ,  : Benton and Harper (2009).




32


   : T. O. Vorren and J. Mangerud, Glaciations Come and Go, in The Making of a Land: Geology of Norway, ed. I. B. Ramberg et al., trans. R. Binns and P. Grogan, Norsk Geologisk Forening, 2006.




33


    , Homo sapiens,  , ,  : Harari (2014).




34


, : Arndt et al. (2017).




35


: World Steel Association AISBL, The Steel Story, 2018, worldsteel.org/steelstory.




36


   ,       ,  : Smil (2004).




37


  , ,  , , ;  : Harari (2014).




38


: R. I. Aminov, A Brief History of the Antibiotic Era: Lessons Learned and Challenges for the Future, Frontiers in Microbiology 1 (2010): 134.




39


  : N. T. Redd, Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space, Space.com, 24  2012., space.com/16159-first-man-in-space.html.




40


  ( , )    ,       .       28  ,      XII.  . .




41


            10 ,   , Estimates of historical world population,  21  2018., en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population_estimates.           Worldometer, worldometers.info/world-population.


