   .   1920-1930     
  


   
        ,     19201930  (   ), ,      ,             .             , , -   .         ,        ,    ().  ,      ,            .    ,      ,   ,      - , ,        .





 

   .   19201930     





 


           , ,   . ,        (   ..)  ,     , , -.     ,   ,        ,             XX.      .

 ,     .       ( )   - (: YMCA-PRESS, 1980).        XX.    . ,         ,   -,        -   ...  ,          - ,  - ,        -  .

     XX.,        ,   ,     .        ,         .     ,    -   20       .        ,            ,    . .               .         , , -         .

    .           ,       XX.,       - ().                 .    , ,    [1 -          - ..,       , .: .. -. ., 2003.].          ..     ,      ().

          .        ,      ,        .

          ,      -.

         -   - ,    .         -    ,    - ,   .

             , , ,      ,     ,  ,     , ,    -   XX .



   ..,    ..




 



       1920-         - ,  -: , , -.      ,         [2 -       , ,        .]: ..-, .., .., .., .., .., .., .., ..   ,         ,    -   ( ).       ,             :   ..-     17 ,      ..;  ..        ;     ..   ..;  ..      ;  ..,  ,        ..;  ..,  ,     ;  .., ,    1918.         ...            , ,         ,     .

   1920-   ,       - ,       ,     .            - ,         .              [3 - .. -      : 19211927. , 1991; ..         . ., 1977; Hardeman, Hilde. Coming to terms the Soviet regime: the Changing signposts movement among Russian emigres in the early 1920s. Illinois, 1994.].      1920-    ,    ,   .       ,     [4 - Alexandre Kvachonkine. Histoire d'une manipulation: Les Bolhcheviks et le mouvement emigre Changegement des Jalons / / Communisme. Paris, 1995, 42/43/44.],          [5 - .  -. , 1980.].

        .      .     黠  컠 .                .       ,        .

            -        .        ,     ,           ,       - ,          .      . ,   ..       -    5  1923.,           , :            ,       , .    [6 - . . 5917. . 1. . 116. . 93.].         14  1921.        ,       ,     [7 -  . . 98.].     -  () 23  1922.              ,     [8 - . . 17. . 60. . 141. . 18.].                ,                ,      [9 - . . 5784, . 1. . 60. . 26.].   ..,   ,   :         . , ,   ,  .  , , , ,        ,      [10 - .    //  . 1922. 5. . 9.].    -  ..   ()   :        ?   ,  :  ,    .  , , ,    ,         .     ,    ,  .      .   ,        ,      , , ,     ,     .     :      ,    ,         .   ,       [11 -  . 1923. 2. . 3031.].            ,      ,     ,      [12 -  . 1923. 1. . 58.].

         . . ,  -    [13 - . . ., 1958. . 33.].         16  1922.        ,        .   :            .                 .     ,            ,   :  .       , , .  -   -   . -           .   -.           ,    .    ,       ?            .       [14 - . . 5784. . 1. . 60. . 89.].

,     ,   1921. ,       .   - ..,   ,    ,       ,        ,     ,    ,     [15 - ..   :        (19141918.). -, 1961. . 151.].      , .. ,  ,     ,     ,               [16 - ..  . , 1925. . 1. . 48.].    .      [17 -  . . 49.],  .            . . ,       ,              - ,      ,         [18 - .   //  . . 2. , 1932. . 23.].     , , ,         14  1921. ..          [19 - . . 5917. . 1. . 116. . 63.].

          ..  ..    :            .    ,  ,        .            ,   .     .    , ,       .      ,    , ,            .                   [20 - ..    //  . 1922. 5. . 89.].                 :     ,    -  ,                [21 - .     //  . 1922. 3. . 9.],    ,     ...           .

  ..:     .     ,      .   ,          .   - ,  ,     ,     [22 - ..  . , 1925. . 1. . 48.].       ,            ,        [23 -  - (.).     (-    ). ., 1923. . 31.].    ..       : ,    ,                  ,      [24 - .. . . . 1. . 49.].

       [25 -    .] ..       .. 2728  1922.  .        ,  ,   ,          .      ,      ,   [26 - . . 5917. . 1. . 116. . 63.]. ,  1981. ..     ..    ..  15  1923.,                    [27 - .: .   - // :  . , 1987. . 4. . 141142.].      ,   .                .     . , 30  1922.           :   ,  ,      ,   ,     ,     ,      [28 - . . 17. . 60. . 211. . 5.]. ,      ,                 .          ,   ,     .

             ,   .  ,    ,          ,           . ,  ,       .       ,           -    ,  ,      1920- ,     ,          .                  .




  


   -  1920-        .    1980-          .           ,     ,    ,     ,    .                     .               ,            .

         1920-          .     -                      .    1980-             1920- .   ,             .

     ,    ,      -    ,   . ,              .       1920-  -      ,   [29 - .       //  . 1922. 8. . 9.].   ,       ,    ,  [30 - ..    //  . 1922. 9. . 22.].

          .            ,   ,   ,    - ,   .

  ,     ,            ,   .    ,   ,        ,       ,    -,   [31 - .. . . . . 22. . 244246.].        ..,    -   ,    ,  ,     ,  ,          .     I ,        .         ..   .[32 - . . . // :  . , 1987. . 4. . 141142.].

   .          1918.[33 - .  :      19171918. // :  . , 1986. . 3. . 184.] ,                [34 - .: .   :   //  . 1918. 11 .].      ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ..

    28  1919.    ,     ..          :       -         . <>            [35 -    //  . 1919. 28 .]. , 14  1919.,       軠    ,  ,   ,         [36 -  . 1919. 14 .].   ,          .         :    ,   [37 -  . 1920. 2.].

            . ,       : 19171940 :    ,   1919.,            ,   .   ..                     [38 - ., .. -   (20- .) //    : 19171940. . 1-. ., 1994. . 43.].

             ..: .       .      ,            .      ,  -.

         :                   .

       .,         .           .

               ,   .

          ,        []  2-   ,    -.

  1215 .  , ,         -[39 - HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Vrangel' collection. Box 110. Folder 11020.].

 ,              ,         ..,          .    ,      1920.,         1921.    ,     ,             .

  ..    ,    ()    (Box 211. Folder 211. 9.),   11 :      ( ),      ,      ( ),      2,   (    ),      ,      ,      ,              ,        .              .            :   ...

                       ( -6142. 1. 12 . . 19201921.    ).      1927-  1929.  ..    1933.  ...       11  ,    1    [40 -       .  . ., 1999. . 69.].          (1920., ),          (1921.,  ),      ,           (1920.,    ),         (1920., ),  . Fragen Sie zu l?sen sind   ,         ,  1920.              ,       19201921.,       19201921.

                         ...

  6        : ,       ,      1918.,    ,      :   .           ,      1919.   ,   ,             - .     1920.,       ,    , ,   ,    ,   ,     ,     ,    ,           ,     [41 - HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Box 211. Folder 211. 9.].

         ,      ., .  ..          :   B..,  ()  .. (  ),   .. (  ), .,  ,   .., . (.), .,   ..,  .., .., C.. (   ),  ...

        (), .. (), .- (), .- (   ), .. (,    ).            ,           .

         ..         :       ,    .        ,        ,       ,             .    ?  ,  - ,        ,           ,     ?   , ..   ,       ?    ,            ?   ,    ,     ,   ?   ,               ?     ,    ?      ,       ,     ?         ?   ,   ,      ?     ,              ?            ,        ,   ? , ,          ,       ,          ,      셻[42 - ..  (19141919.). , 1920. . 351.]

           :  ,      .

     ,  ,    ,     ,   .               .         ,   ,           .

,     ,      ,       -        ,        ,   .  ,       ,         .                 ,       .           ,             .  ,       :        ,          ,  ,      .

     ,         .              ,        ,   ,       .         ,                    .

  .  .    (..)     1920.     ໠  [43 -  .:    . 19181940. . 2.    . ., 2000. . 139141.].       1 :          ,                    <>          ,   ,                  [44 -  (). 1920. 1. . 1.].

             . , ,              .   ..      ,      ,     ,     [45 - ..  :  . , 1979. . 34.].

       ,    [46 - ..           //  : 19211923.    ..   . Paris, 1983. . 14.],       ,                   .




   


    ,         ,     .            Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia,  13[47 -            ,   .]. ,           ,             [48 -       - :  6. ., 19951998.].               - ...  1919.     ,      ..      ,  .         [49 -  :   .    :   . ., 1997. . 295.].

      3       17  1920.      ..        ..         .      ..,  ,               ,    .       .    ,     ,       ,   ,            .   ,         .  ,          ,            ,     ,      ?   ,    ,    ,   .                ,       [50 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 2. Folder 2. 17.].

        :    ,  ,     ,     ,     .     ,       . , ,     ,        ,   .    ,   ,   .          ,      ,   ,    ,    .   ,    .  ,      .           ,  -   ,       ,   ,        .      .        ,    .       ,             .     ,       .           . ,     ,  ,       [51 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia.Box 3. Folder 2. 17.].            ,          .          ,      ,    ... ,       ,    .

         1  1920. ( 8)       .          .     :     ?        .    ,    ,        [52 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.].

              7  1920. ( 9).   :  ,         ?     ,     .    ,     ,              .       ,        [53 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.].  -       -       -   . ,  ,    .          .       ,   .  ,   ,    [54 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.].

          . ,      -  (        26  1920.). .. :   ,    ,           ?   ,     ,    ,       .

 ,        .    -  .   :

1.       .

2.     , 

3.       [55 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.].

                 (        23  1920.).  ,        ,     ,   .      .        ,    ,  .     ]     .  ,     []  [],   [56 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.].

  ,        ,     ,        ] [].      .   ..,  [] [] ,     .     -    ] [],    (?)   .  ,     .     [] []  ,      .     ,     [57 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Box 3. Folder 3. 1.].                 .               .

  1920.  ..                   . ,         2  1920.    ..:        .   ,      ,       .         ,    .      .         ,      .       []-[], ,             .  -           .    .           ..[].     ,        ,          [58 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 2.].

   (       3  1920.) ..     :  ] []   ,    ,   ,    .       ,     .    ,   .       .   ,    ,  ,   .          ,      ,            .        ,   .   ,       - .        .    ,    .     ,       :  ,      ;      ,       . ,    ,    .          ,   [59 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 3.].

       (  9  1920.)            .      :     .        ,        .     ,       .  ,    [60 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].    :  ,      [] [],   []-[]       ,       .   ,      .        []-[]?   . []  []    ,     .    ,    ,   .     ,  .         ,   [61 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.]. ,         ,           :      .                    ,     ,  ,            .

16  1920.           .   ,        ,    .                    .       ,   ,     ,     ,                ,   .     ,                .       ,                      .

              ,              . ,         [62 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 6.].       .    ..   :          .      ,     ,       .    ,        [63 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 7.].       ,          ,          .

                  4  1921.     .. :    [] []      [] []        .       , ,       ,        [] [].       [] [],      .                  .   ,   [64 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 8.].

..   ..,  ,      .  [] [] .        <>  ,  ,    ,    [] []        .     .           [65 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 9.].   ,        ,             .

..            6  1921.:   []-[]   ,    .      ,    ,          .   []-[]    ,         .      ,      [] [],   .     ,     [66 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 10.].   ,            ,    .      ,   ,  .                                  .

,        20  1921., ..  ,      .      []  [],   .         .            [67 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 11.].  ,        :           ,                 .

  9  1921.    ..,            ,       . ,     ,        ,        . , .. ,                  ( , ),      ,   [68 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 12.].       ..  ..,   ,   ,         , ,     ,    ,           .          ,          (     )        ,         ( II).       ,         .         , ,   ..,       ,            ,  ,         ,        .   ,     ,  ,         ,         .  ,   ,     ,          .    ,     ,     ,       ,  ,            ,   .    3 ,   ,       [69 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 12.].   ,      ,             .               :     ,      ,  ,          .  []  []   ,      .   ,    ,   , , ,  ,                ?  ,   ,   ,    .     ,   ,   ,     .     :            . ,  ,  ,      [70 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].            ..     ,  ..:        - ,   ,      ,           ,       ,        ,   .

17  1921.           ..   .     ,   .     :

1.            .

2.   ,       .       , [] []      .

3.         . ,  :    [] []      .

4.  .

5.        (       ;  :  ).

6.    (       ).

7.,    :        ,     .

,   ,              . ,   ,       . ,       .

8.    27-  1917,   [] 1918.   1920. ,    .

9.   : .)   , .)     , .)      1918., .)   , .)     .)    .

10.    ;     .      ; ,        ;                .

11.     ,     .

12.    .

13.     .         :           [71 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 11.].

           17  1921.        [72 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.]:    ,                  .  ,  ,  ,  []-[]         ,       ,        ,     ,   ,        .   :     ,    ,       ,              ; ,     ,    ,   ,      , , ,      ,             .    ,   ,     ,   , ,   .        , , -,         , ..  ,       ,  -,      ,        ,   ,      .    ,               ,   ,   ,      .   ,    ,   :   ,    ,   ,   ,      .          ,    ,    ,       ,   ,     ,        .           ,    ,    .        ,           -  , ,    , ,    .          ,   ,     ,      .

,          .   ,   ,  ,      ,      ;                ,     ..    ,     2 ,   ,     ,     ,  ,  ,      ,     .   ,              ,        ,      .       (, ,   ),  , ,   () ,      ,       .          ,      .         : , -  .   ,       , ,     ,            ,      .      ,    ,       -,      ,     ,      ,         .          -,         ,            -  .         ,              ,     .     ,    ,     .              ,    ,   ,        ,           ,     . ,         ,     ,       ,          .    ,    -             :       ,         :        ,     , ,      , ,   ,    .          ,       ,       ,    .    ,       ,     ,   ,     ,    ,      ,       .

    :         ,           3- : ,    , ,   ,          .       ,   ,      ,  ,       ,    .                .      ,            ,      ,    ,      ( ,  )  ,        .  , ,         ,     .             ,    ,   ,          .        ,    .

        ,        :   ,             , , ,      .    <>        ,    ,    ,         .       ..      ,     [] [].     ,   ,    ,      ,      ,     .    , ..           ,       ,     .        , , , ,     ,       .   ,    ,    .                 (   30  35 )   ,    ,         .   ,  ,    ,      ,   ;      ,   [] [],    ,  ,      .             [73 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].

     .   .., ,   ,     , ,  ,          -       1917.     ,           ,      [74 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].              ..,              ,     ,           ,  .     ,         .      ,            ,    ,   -.     ,    ,            .        ,       .         ,      ,       .     ,  ,    ,        ,  ,     .    ,         ,     .           ,     . , ,   ,     [75 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].  ,  ,   ..,       .

  ,    .             ...       ,       ,      .    ,   ..       ,     ,  ,  ,         ,     ,        .      ,       .    ,         ,        .    ,    ,    ,     .     . ,   ,  ,      ,   ,      ,        , ,     ,     ,    . ,         ,     ,     ,     ?    ,    ,    ,      .  ,          ,      ,      .  , ,     , ,  ,  ?  ,  ..        [76 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].

  ..  ,   ..,  ,           ,          .  , ,     ,       .        ,    ,   ,       ,         ,        .     ,   -      [77 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].

..   ,           ,  ,   ,     ,  ,  .., ,          ,    ,    , .. ,    ,      :   : 1)   (..  )    ; 2)  ,   , ..    3)  ,           .  ,       ,          .    ,                  .         ,      .  .. ,             ,        ,      ,      .    ,     ,        ,                 .    ,     ,    ,    ,       [78 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].

    .. ,     ,     ,            .     ,     ,       [79 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].

    ,       ,    , ,      ,     ,      .  ,  , ,      [80 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.].

            24  1921.,  ..          3 .         . , ..       [  ]   ,             [81 -       -  . 4. . 184185.].

        10  1921.                 ..,            [82 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.]. ..      ,  ,    23,   ,     ,     [83 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].             ..            . ,   ..   ,            ,     .    ?[84 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].     ,       .  .., ..  .. ,     ..         ,         ,          [85 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].          ..,       ,   ,               .   , ,  ,           ,   ,   [86 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].    ,   , ..     ,            .          [87 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].   ,          .       ..,  ,             ,           [88 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].   ,          ,      .             .      .. .. ,     , .. ,   ,   ,            ,       .      ,      ,       ,          ,   .       ,          ,       [89 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].  ..             ,      ,              [90 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].      ..,       ,           ,    [,       . ..] [91 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].      ,                ,        , ..,   ,   ,      -  .   ,    ,          23 [92 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].  , , ,              .              .

       21  1921.             .  ..       ,      .  ,          .      ,      .       ,            .          ,          ,      ,     .  , ,  ,       ,    ,         .     ,    ,      . ,  ,   [93 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].

           :      - ,     ,        ,      .    ,         ,  ,               .    ,      ,      , , -,   ,   Maten   .    ,    .       ,     .     ,   ,                   .     ,      ,    ,    ,    ,  ,     .

            ,    ,       ,     ,     :     ..,     [94 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].

               , ,   ,        .    ,    ,                .  ,        [] ,      ,     (,   ..).   ,           .         [95 - HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.].

   ..           .       ,       . , 3  1921.      ( - ..)     ..  ,   ..    :    []    ,       ,    1919.      []     [96 -  (). 1921. 3. 109.].

               .    ,  ,        .      ,      ..        .       :       ,   ,      .

     : , , .          ( ),    ( ),  ( ).

        ,       .  ,       ,     .  , , ,         ,                     .

  ,       , ,       .           [97 -  (). 1921. 3. 109.].

               :               , ,  ?!       ,      .         ,   ,   .     , , .

  ,       ?

 ,   3035   , -, , , , ,   , ,  ,          [98 -  (). 1921. 3. 109.].

    ,                ,             .

   ,    :

1.   ,   ,    ,    ,    ,   .

2.               ,      .

3.     ,   ,       ,   , .

4.       ,     .            ,            - .

5.      ,         ,     .     ,     .

6.                 ,     ,    [99 -  (). 1921. 3. 109.].

              :            , , ,     .

   ,      1917.       .

:

     ,     - .     ,    ,        ,   .

         .  .     ,     .

      , ,    .     .   .    .    ,   ,   ,    ,            . ,           ,         .

   ,     .

,         ,     .

:

         .   ,               .                        ,        .

         .         .   .   ,                ,     .            .   :   ,        .

   ,                 (   ).     :      ,      .      ,   ,    .    ,     ,     :             .

 .

    .

    .        .     .   .

            [] []  ,      .

,      ,          .

             !    !        !          . ,       [100 -  (). 1921. 3. 109.].

                :       ,                 .           ,        :

 ,   . ,      ,  - !

   :  ,   (  ).              !  :     ,        !

  ,         ,  ,   .

   ,     .

         ? .

? .        ?  ,     .     .

,    .

      ,       ,                 ,         - [101 -  (). 1921. 3. 109.].

         ,    , -:       :      ;       ;            .

  -          .

  ,            ,                 ,               ?

     ,   ,  :  ,   -     ,     : [102 -  (). 1921. 3. 109.].

         . .            7  1921.,                .     ,         ,     .. (          ).      ,        .    ,    ,   ..,              (26   2 ),    [103 -  (). 1921. 9. 140.].       ..,       :    ..     ...           .

         ,           ...  ,        ,   ,      [104 -       -  . 5. . 7677.] (            ).

  ,       ...    ..   ,             ,        .

    .         ,      ,              .      ,        ,        ,         [105 - . (). 1921. 9. 140.].

             ,       ,     (   ,   )  ,    ,    .               ,    ,     ..:

       :   .          .  ,     ,     ,    -  .   ,            .    ,     ,   []       ,           -  .

 ,    ,            , ,    ,        .          ,            ,               .     ,            .            ,  ,     ,      .        :       [106 -  .].

    ,     ..,      :      ,      []    ,          .  ,      -     ,          .       ,    ,           ,   ,        .

          ,       ,    .          ,    . -     -    ,   ,              ,     .         ,              .  ,       :     ,          [107 -  .].

               :          . ,       , :       .            .             .      ,              . -,  ,        ; -,     ,       .     ,   .

     []-    -      [] .

               ,       .      ,   ,     ,      .           ..    ,               -[]  .

 []      .    ,    ,  - , -    .   ,   ,    ,              (     )?     ,       , []      .

       --,        ,  -      ,     .

,     .        :       ,       ,     , [108 -  .].

  ,   ,      :    ,              ,            .    ,   ,        .

  ,          ,  ,               ,     :        .  ,    ,   ,          .              ,       .        .        ,     




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/andrey-kvakin/mezhdu-belymi-i-krasnymi-russkaya-intelligenciya-1920-1930-godov-v-poiskah-tretego-puti/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


         - ..,       , .: .. -. ., 2003.




2


      , ,        .




3


.. -      : 19211927. , 1991; ..         . ., 1977; Hardeman, Hilde. Coming to terms the Soviet regime: the Changing signposts movement among Russian emigres in the early 1920s. Illinois, 1994.




4


Alexandre Kvachonkine. Histoire d'une manipulation: Les Bolhcheviks et le mouvement emigre Changegement des Jalons / / Communisme. Paris, 1995, 42/43/44.




5


.  -. , 1980.




6


. . 5917. . 1. . 116. . 93.




7


 . . 98.




8


. . 17. . 60. . 141. . 18.




9


. . 5784, . 1. . 60. . 26.




10


.    //  . 1922. 5. . 9.




11


 . 1923. 2. . 3031.




12


 . 1923. 1. . 58.




13


. . ., 1958. . 33.




14


. . 5784. . 1. . 60. . 89.




15


..   :        (19141918.). -, 1961. . 151.




16


..  . , 1925. . 1. . 48.




17


 . . 49.




18


.   //  . . 2. , 1932. . 23.




19


. . 5917. . 1. . 116. . 63.




20


..    //  . 1922. 5. . 89.




21


.     //  . 1922. 3. . 9.




22


..  . , 1925. . 1. . 48.




23


 - (.).     (-    ). ., 1923. . 31.




24


.. . . . 1. . 49.




25


   .




26


. . 5917. . 1. . 116. . 63.




27


.: .   - // :  . , 1987. . 4. . 141142.




28


. . 17. . 60. . 211. . 5.




29


.       //  . 1922. 8. . 9.




30


..    //  . 1922. 9. . 22.




31


.. . . . . 22. . 244246.




32


. . . // :  . , 1987. . 4. . 141142.




33


.  :      19171918. // :  . , 1986. . 3. . 184.




34


.: .   :   //  . 1918. 11 .




35


   //  . 1919. 28 .




36


 . 1919. 14 .




37


 . 1920. 2.




38


., .. -   (20- .) //    : 19171940. . 1-. ., 1994. . 43.




39


HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Vrangel' collection. Box 110. Folder 11020.




40


      .  . ., 1999. . 69.




41


HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Box 211. Folder 211. 9.




42


..  (19141919.). , 1920. . 351.




43


 .:    . 19181940. . 2.    . ., 2000. . 139141.




44


 (). 1920. 1. . 1.




45


..  :  . , 1979. . 34.




46


..           //  : 19211923.    ..   . Paris, 1983. . 14.




47


           ,   .




48


      - :  6. ., 19951998.




49


 :   .    :   . ., 1997. . 295.




50


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 2. Folder 2. 17.




51


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia.Box 3. Folder 2. 17.




52


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.




53


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.




54


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.




55


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.




56


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 2. 17.




57


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Box 3. Folder 3. 1.




58


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 2.




59


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 3.




60


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




61


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




62


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 6.




63


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 7.




64


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 8.




65


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 9.




66


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 10.




67


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 11.




68


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 12.




69


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 12.




70


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




71


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 11.




72


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




73


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




74


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




75


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




76


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




77


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




78


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




79


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




80


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 4.




81


      -  . 4. . 184185.




82


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




83


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




84


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




85


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




86


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




87


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




88


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




89


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




90


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




91


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




92


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




93


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




94


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




95


HooverInstitution Archives. HooverInstitution on War, Revolution and Peace. Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaja Partia. Box 3. Folder 3. 5.




96


 (). 1921. 3. 109.




97


 (). 1921. 3. 109.




98


 (). 1921. 3. 109.




99


 (). 1921. 3. 109.




100


 (). 1921. 3. 109.




101


 (). 1921. 3. 109.




102


 (). 1921. 3. 109.




103


 (). 1921. 9. 140.




104


      -  . 5. . 7677.




105


. (). 1921. 9. 140.




106


 .




107


 .




108


 .


